Catawba Trail

United States   Migration    Trails and Roads    Catawba Trail

The Catawba Trail (dark blue on the map) was actually a network of paths which connected lower and middle Cherokee settlements of the Carolinas with the Overhill Cherokee settlements of eastern Tennessee. American pioneer soldiers and settlers used the Catawba Trail to reach northeast Tennessee no later than 1777.

Historical Background
A system of gaps and trails were the primary transporation routes early Tennessee settlers. The Catawba Trail emerged from the Saluda Gap where North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia now meet. The trail curved north toward the Catawba Gap. From there it followed the north side of the French Broad River to Knoxville, Tennessee. Waxhaw (Mecklenburg County area) pioneers would have been attracted to this southern branch. A northern branch of the trail went from the Catawba Gap through Morgonton, Burke, North Carolina toward the Yadkin River settlements. These two population centers in North Carolina contributed about 1/4th of the earliest northeast Tennessee settlers; Virginia and Pennsylvania providing the rest via the Great Valley Road.

The primary path to Tennessee for pioneers from North and South Carolina was the Catawba Trail until the Unicoi Trail was opened to settlers about 1795.

Settlers and Records
There is no known list of settlers who travelled the Catawba Trail. However, some of the early residents of Tennessee may have used the trail to reach their destination, as well as several other routes like the Great Valley Road, Wilderness Road, Kentucky Road, Avery's Trace, Unicoi Trail, or Georgia Road. For early Tennessee settlers see:


 * East Tennessee Historical Society, First families of Tennessee: a register of early settlers and their present-day descendants (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, c2000) [].

Internet Sites

 * "Native American Trails" in Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture at http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=T106 (accessed 14 August 2010).