New Caledonia Languages

Description
New Caledonia, a part of the French Republic, uses French as its official language, following the constitutional in June 1992. The thirty New Caledonian languages form a branch of the Southern Oceanic languages. They are spoken mainly by the indigenous Kanaks of the islands.

The Kanak languages spoken in New Caledonia are part of the Oceanic group of the Austronesian family. Kanak languages are taught from kindergarten (four languages are taught up to the bachelor's degree) and an academy is responsible for their promotion. The three most widely spoken indigenous languages are Drehu (spoken in Lifou), Nengone (spoken on Maré) and Paicî (northern part of Grande Terre). Others include Iaai (spoken on Ouvéa). At the 2009 census, 35.8% of people aged 15 or older reported that they could speak (but not necessarily read or write) one of the indigenous Melanesian languages, whereas 58.7% reported that they had no knowledge of any of them.


 * Loyalty Islands
 * Drehu (Lifou Island)
 * Iaai (Ouvéa Island)
 * Nengone (Maré Island)
 * New Caledonian
 * Southern New Caledonian
 * Extreme Southern
 * Ndrumbea (vulnerable)
 * Numèè
 * South Southern
 * Xaracuu–Xaragure:
 * Xârâcùù
 * Xârâgurè (endangered)
 * Zire–Tiri:
 * Tîrî (endangered)
 * Zire
 * Wailic
 * Ajië
 * Arhö (critically endangered)
 * Arhâ (severely endangered)
 * Neku (severely endangered)
 * Orowe (endangered)
 * Northern New Caledonian
 * Vamale*
 * Haveke*
 * Haeke*
 * Central Northern
 * Cèmuhî
 * Paicî
 * North Northern
 * Pwaamei (endangered)
 * Pwapwa (severely endangered)
 * Bwatoo
 * Hmwaveke
 * Waamwang
 * Fwâi
 * Jawe (vulnerable)
 * Nemi (vulnerable)
 * Pije (severely endangered)
 * Extreme Northern
 * Caac (vulnerable)
 * Kumak (vulnerable)
 * Yuanga
 * Nyâlayu

The languages of the northern Voh–Koné, area (*) are often discussed as a unit.

Word List(s)
French
 * French Genealogical Word List
 * Most Common French Words (1000MostCommonWords)
 * Useful French phrases (Omniglot)

Drehu
 * Drehu Numbers (Omniglot)

Nengone
 * Counting in Nengone (LanguagesandNumbers)

Paicî
 * Counting in Paicî (LanguagesandNumbers)

Alphabet and Pronunciation
French The French alphabet is based on the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, uppercase and lowercase, with five diacritics and two orthographic ligatures.
 * French Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)
 * French Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikipedia)


 * {| class="wikitable"

!Letter !Name !Phonetic Alphabet !Diacritics and ligatures The letters w and k are rarely used except in loanwords and regional words. The phoneme /w/ sound is usually written ou; the /k/ sound is usually written c anywhere but before e, i, y, qu before e, i, y, and sometimes que at the ends of words. However, k is common in the metric prefix kilo- (originally from Greek χίλια khilia "a thousand"): kilogramme, kilomètre, kilowatt, kilohertz, etc.
 * A || a || /a/ ||Àà, Ââ, Ææ
 * B || bé || /be/ ||
 * C || cé || /se/ ||Çç
 * D || dé || /de/ ||
 * E || e || /ə/ ||Éé, Èè, Êê, Ëë
 * F || effe || /ɛf/ ||
 * G || gé || /ʒe/ ||
 * H || ache || /aʃ/ ||
 * I || i || /i/ ||Îî, Ïï
 * J || ji || /ʒi/ ||
 * K || ka || /ka/ ||
 * L || elle || /ɛl/ ||
 * M || emme || /ɛm/ ||
 * N || enne || /ɛn/ ||
 * O || o || /o/ ||Ôô, Œœ
 * P || pé || /pe/ ||
 * Q || qu || /ky/ ||
 * R || erre || /ɛʁ/ ||
 * S || esse || |/ɛs/ ||
 * T || té || /te/ ||
 * U || u || /y/ ||Ùù, Ûû, Üü
 * V || vé || /ve/ ||
 * W || double vé || /dubləve/ ||
 * X || ixe || /iks/ ||
 * Y || i grec || /iɡʁɛk/ ||Ÿÿ
 * Z || zède || /zɛd/ ||
 * }
 * N || enne || /ɛn/ ||
 * O || o || /o/ ||Ôô, Œœ
 * P || pé || /pe/ ||
 * Q || qu || /ky/ ||
 * R || erre || /ɛʁ/ ||
 * S || esse || |/ɛs/ ||
 * T || té || /te/ ||
 * U || u || /y/ ||Ùù, Ûû, Üü
 * V || vé || /ve/ ||
 * W || double vé || /dubləve/ ||
 * X || ixe || /iks/ ||
 * Y || i grec || /iɡʁɛk/ ||Ÿÿ
 * Z || zède || /zɛd/ ||
 * }
 * U || u || /y/ ||Ùù, Ûû, Üü
 * V || vé || /ve/ ||
 * W || double vé || /dubləve/ ||
 * X || ixe || /iks/ ||
 * Y || i grec || /iɡʁɛk/ ||Ÿÿ
 * Z || zède || /zɛd/ ||
 * }
 * Y || i grec || /iɡʁɛk/ ||Ÿÿ
 * Z || zède || /zɛd/ ||
 * }
 * Z || zède || /zɛd/ ||
 * }

Drehu
 * Drehu Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikipedia)
 * Drehu Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)

Iaai
 * Iaai Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikipedia)
 * Iaai Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikiwand)

Nengone
 * Nengone Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikipedia)
 * Nengone Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikiwand)

Paicî
 * Paicî Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikipedia)
 * Paicî Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)
 * Paicî Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikiwand)

Language Aids and Dictionaries
French
 * French Handwriting
 * French Letter Writing Guide
 * French Languages
 * French to English Dictionary (Cambridge)
 * French to English Dictionary (Glosbe)
 * French Dictionary (Lexilogos)

Drehu (Dehu)
 * Dehu to English Dictionary (Glosbe)

Iaai
 * Iaai to English Dictionary (Glosbe)

Nengone
 * Nengone to English Dictionary (Glosbe)

Paicî
 * Paicî to English Dictionary (Glosbe)

Additional Resources

 * Kanak languages (Sorosoro)
 * A Mosaic of Kanak Languages (NewCaledonia)
 * New Caledonia (Britannica)
 * New Caledonia (Wikitravel)