Apache Indians



The Apache Tribe is primarily associated with Spanish Southwest and the state of Oklahoma. See the Bands and Groups below for at least a partial listing of federally-recognized the subdivisions of the tribe, with their locations and reservations.

Linguistic Group: Athabascan

Cultural Group: Plains

Ancestral Homeland: Texas, Arizona and Mexico

Apache Eastern: Lipan, Jicarilla, Mescalero and Kiowa Apache.

Apache Western: Chiricahua, Tonto, Pinal, Coyotero, Arivaipa and White Mountain Apache

Population: 1990: 30,000

History
The Apache could not be suppressed by the Spanish or the Mexicans.

Brief Timeline

 * 1540: Francisdo Vasquez de Coronado's expedition
 * 1786: Presidio Ration Program, the Spanish distributed food and alcohol free to all Apache
 * 1835: Sonora post reward for Apache scalps
 * 1841: Jiarilla Apache deprived of land by a Mexican land grant
 * 1846: homeland became New Mexico Territory
 * 1848: Apache land ceded by Mexico to the United States
 * 1852: Treaty
 * 1853: Treaty
 * 1861: The Chiricahuz under leadership of Cochise went to war with the United States
 * The Coyotero and Lipan were nearly exterminated
 * 1863: The Mescalero surrendered
 * 1863: Treaty
 * 1864: The Territorial Legislature of Arizona passed a resolution legalizing the killing of all Apache people.
 * 1867: Treaty
 * 1868: Jicarilla surrendered
 * 1870: Reservations established
 * 1871: White Mountain Reservation
 * 1871: Tularosa Reservation - Mimbreno Apache
 * 1872: Cochise and the Chiricahua made peace with the United States. A number of Chiricahua led by Geronimo rejected peeace and left the reservations to raid.
 * 1873: Mescalero Reservation is established
 * 1874: Cochis dies
 * 1875: Tonto Apache moved to San Carlos Apache Reservation
 * 1875: Yavapai Apache(1,000) settle on the San Carlos Reservation
 * 1877: Mimbreno Apache forced to move to San Carlos Reservation
 * 1886: Geronimo surrendered
 * 1887: a group of children sent to Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania
 * 1887: Jicarilla Reservation established
 * 1890's: Government mission schools established
 * 1897: White Mountain Reservation is divided into Fort Apache and San Carlos Reservations
 * 1903: Fort DcDowell Reservation - Yavapai Apache
 * 1907: Jicarilla Reservation enlarged
 * 1913: Chiricahua Apache resettle on Mescalero Reservation
 * 1914: land near Camp Verde, Arizona is reserved for the Yavapai and Tonto Apache
 * 1937: Jicarilla Apache - constitution
 * 1938: White Mountain Apache - constitution

Reservations
Arizona: Camp Verde, Fort Apache, White Mountain, San Carrlos

New Mexico: Fort Sill

Oklahoma: Anadarko

Apaceh/Kiowa - Federal Trust land

Apache/Mojave/Yavapai - Fort McDowell

Apache/Yavapai - Camp Verde

Arapaho/ Shoshone - Wind River

Apache/Yavapai - Payson Community

Agency
San Carlos Agency

Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Apache tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.

Tribal Headquarters
There is no single tribal headquarters for all parts of the Apache Indian Tribe in the United States. Each part of the tribe has their own tribal offices and headquarters. For information on those offices, see the individual pages for each part of the tribe.

Bands and Groups of the Tribe and Their Reservations
Apache Tribe of Oklahoma

Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly Jicarilla Apache Tribe) -- Jicarilla Apache Reservation

Mescalero Apache Tribe -- Mescalero Reservation (New Mexico)

San Carlos Apache Tribe -- San Carlos Reservation (Arizona)

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona

White Mountain Apache Tribe -- Fort Apache Reservation (Arizona)

Yavapai-Apache Nation -- Camp Verde Reservation (Arizona)

Correspondence and Census

Treaties


 * 1852 July 1, at Santa Fe
 * 1853 July 27, at Fort Atkinson, with the Comanche and Kiowa
 * 1865 October 14, with the Cheyenne and Arapaho
 * 1865 October 17, with the Cheyenne and Arapaho
 * 1867 October 21, at Council Camp with the Kiowa andComanche

Vital Records


 * Kiowa Agency, M595, Births and Deaths 1924-1932, FHL Film: 576909, 1930-1936 FHL film: 576911
 * Truxton Canon Agency, M595, Births and Deaths 1924-1939, FHL Film: 583040
 * Jicarilla Agency, M595, Births and Deaths 1924-1929, FHL Film: 576887

Important Web Sites

 * Constitution and By-laws of the Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma
 * Constitution and By-laws of the Yavapai-Apache Nation
 * White Mountain Apache Tribe Official Website
 * Apache Wikipedia