Finland Languages

Description
Finnish and Swedish are the two main official languages of Finland. There are also several official minority languages:
 * Three variants of Sami
 * Northern Sami
 * Inari Sami
 * Skolt Sami
 * Romani or Finnish Kalo
 * Finnish Sign Language
 * Karelian

English is spoken by most Finns as a second language. Official statistics from 2012 show that at least 70% of Finnish people can speak English.

Russian is the most spoken immigrant language in Finland but has no official minority language status. It served as the third co-official language with Finnish and Swedish for a very short period between 1900 and 1917.

Word List(s)

 * Finnish Genealogical Word List
 * Swedish Genealogical Word List
 * Russian Genealogical Word List
 * German Genealogical Word List

Finnish
 * Basic greetings and phrases (Wikipedia)
 * Useful Finnish phrases (Omniglot)
 * Finnish phrasebook (Wikitravel)
 * Finnish phrase book & dictionary. New York: Berlitz Publishing, 2018. Available at: WorldCat.
 * Kataja, Ville. Finnish dictionary & phrasebook : Finnish-English, English-Finnish. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2002. Available at: WorldCat.

Swedish
 * Useful Swedish phrases (Omniglot)
 * Swedish phrasebook (Wikitravel)
 * Rough guides phrasebook Swedish. London: Rough Guides, 2019. Available at: WorldCat.

Romani or Finnish Kalo
 * Useful phrases in Romani (Omniglot)

Alphabet and Pronunciation
Finnish
 * Finnish phonology (Wikipedia)
 * Finnish grammar (Wikipedia)
 * Finnish Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)
 * Finnish Grammar and Languages Basics (MyLanguages)

Swedish
 * Swedish phonology (Wikipedia)
 * Swedish grammar (Wikipedia)
 * Swedish Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)
 * Swedish Grammar and Languages Basics (MyLanguages)

Romani or Finnish Kalo
 * Finnish Kalo Phonology (Wikipedia)
 * Finnish Kalo (Wikipedia)
 * Finnish Kalo Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)
 * Romani Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)

Language Aids and Dictionaries
Finnish
 * English to Finnish Dictionary (Glosbe)
 * Finnish dictionary (Lexilogos)
 * Arminen, K.V. English and Finnish dictionary. Hancock, Mich.: Finnish Lutheran Book, 1914. Available at: WorldCat.
 * Finnish (MustGo)

Swedish
 * English to Swedish Dictionary (Glosbe)
 * Swedish dictionary (Lexilogos)
 * Swedish dictionary : English-Swedish, Swedish-English. London: Routledge, 1995. Available at: WorldCat.
 * Swedish (MustGo)

Romani or Finnish Kalo
 * English to Kalo Finnish Romani Dictionary (Glosbe)

Vowels
There are eight vowel in Finnish, a, e, i, o, u, y, ä, ö, and å which is found in Swedish words. Finnish has 16 diphthongs of two types. In the first type there is more stress on the first vowel, and in the second, slightly more stress on the second vowel. A double vowel is twice as long as a single vowel. Double vowel combinations are: aa, ää, ee, ii, oo, öö, uu, and yy.
 * First group: au, ou, iu, eu, äy, öy. äi, öi, yi, ui, ei, ai, oi
 * Second group: uo, yö, ie

Consonants
Double consonants are pronounced separately. The first is the final letter of one syllable and the second is the initial letter of the next syllable.

Accent
The stress always falls on the first syllable, even with words of foreign origin.
 * Helsinki (HEL-sin-ki)
 * Sibelius (SI-be-lius)
 * Räikkönen (RÄIK-könen)

Parts of Speech
Unlike English, Finnish does not have indefinite or definite articles (a/an/the). Finnish uses the following parts of speech: • 3

Online Finnish Language Resources

 * Uusi kielemme: Finnish Grammar
 * Vanhan kirjasuomen sanakirja (Dictionary of old Finnish)
 * Bab.la: English-Finnish dictionary
 * Google Translate