User:Batsondl/Sandbox Iowa

Online Resources
Native American Online Genealogy Records
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Introduction
The name Iowa is derived from an Indian word meaning: "this is the place" or "the beautiful land". To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites see the American Indian Genealogy article.

Early indigenous people of Iowa built thousand of mounds, the mounds may have be for burial, ceremonial, religious and elite residence.

Tribes Recognized by the Federal Government
Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa

Tribes Recognized by the State of Iowa
There are currently no tribes recognized by the state of Iowa.

Historical Tribes in Iowa

 * NOTE: All of the tribes listed here are from AccessGenealogy.com

Many of these tribes or bands lived in or had only minimal association with the area now known as Iowa. Some of them are only mentioned in treaties as parties to the cession of land in Iowa to the federal government.

The following list of Native Americans who have lived in Iowa has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians... and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

Agencies
Agencies and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Iowa has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs..., Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians , and others.


 * Council Bluffs Subagency
 * Great Lakes Agency
 * Raccoon River Agency
 * Sac and Fox Agency
 * Sac and Fox Field Office
 * Tama Agency
 * Turkey River Subagency 1842-1846
 * Upper Missouri Agency
 * Winnebago Agency

Reservations in Iowa
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native Americans was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.


 * 1832-1836 Keokuk Reservation Wikipedia (or Keokuk Reserve) -- a small reserve for the Sac and Fox, 1832-1836, following the Black Hawk War, after which they were removed to later reservations.


 * 1852 Marion Resolution, 1852 at FamilySearch — Marion Resolution 1852. A petition of Whites in Linn County, Iowa to allow Native Americans to remain.


 * 1867 Sac and Fox Reservation-- established in 1867 -- Federal reservation located in Tama County, Iowa, under the jurisdiction of the Sac and Fox Agency. Tribe: Sac and Fox (also known as Mesquakie).


 * Omaha Reservation -- primarily located in the southern part of Thurston County, Indian's Nebraska, but a portion extends into Monona County, Iowa. See Indians of Nebraska for additional information.


 * Winnebago Reservation -- mostly located in Thurston County, Nebraska but there is a small segment in Woodbury County, Iowa, just east of the Missouri River. See Indians of Nebraska and Winnebago Reservation for additional information.

Half-Breed Tract
A Half-Breed Tract was located in Lee County, Iowa. An 1824 treaty between the Sauk people, the Fox tribe, and the United States set aside a reservation for mixed-blood people related to the tribes. Lying between the Mississippi, and Des Moines rivers and below an eastward extension of the Sullivan Line (The old Indian boundary surveyed out by John C. Sullivan in 1816—at approximately 40.60° N.), the Tract occupied an area of approximately 119,000 acres (480 km2). Under the original treaty, the half-breed people had the right to occupy the soil, but individuals could not buy or sell the land.

In 1834 Congress repealed the rule. Immediately afterward, claim jumpers claimed much of the land. The government gave away mixed-blood peoples' claims to the land, effectively ending the provisions of the Half-Breed Tract by 1841.

Joseph Smith, Jr. purchased parts of the Half-Breed Tract, probably in 1837, from a land speculation company. Deeds to most of the land were faulty and could not be held. This left the church with only about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2), including a town called Commerce in Illinois. The Mormons moved to this Illinois site from Far West, Missouri, to escape the Missouri Executive Order 44 issued by Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs.

Iowa Indian Schools
(OPTIONAL HEADING) Arizona Indian Schools Currently Open: (if Applicable) Historical Arizona Schools:(if Applicable)

Missions in Iowa
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Historical Sanatoriums

 * Sac and Fox Sanatorium
 * Tama Sanitorium

Iowa Map of Indian Lands
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Iowa Native Americans Historical Background
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Archives
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Libraries
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Museums
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Societies
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Other Repositories
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Records
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:


 * Allotment records
 * Annuity rolls
 * Census records
 * Correspondence
 * Health records
 * Reports
 * School census and records
 * Vital records

Records of the indigenous tribes of Iowa may be found in the National Archives or in the Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Lenexa, Kansas.

Allotment Records
The General Allotment Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887, marking the establishment of the allotment of land to individuals as the official and widespread policy of the federal government toward the Native Americans. Under this policy, land (formerly land held by the tribe or tribal land) was allotted to individuals to be held in trust until they had shown competency to handle their own affairs. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was the trustee.

Individual Native Americans were given a prescribed amount of land on a reservation based upon what land was available and the number of tribal members living on that reservation. Generally, the amount of land allotted was 160 Acres for each head of family, 80 Acres for each single person over eighteen years of age, 80 Acres for each orphan child under eighteen years of age, and 40 Acres for each single person under eighteen years of age. This was dependent upon there being sufficient land available on the existing reservation. If the total acreage on the reservation was insufficient, the amounts of land were pro-rated accordingly.

Not all tribes and reservations were allotted.

Allotted Iowa Tribes


 * Sac and Fox

Records Depositories
The primary records holders are the originating offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and of the respective tribes. Some of those records have been transferred to the National Archives or its Regional Archives. Some original and/or microcopied records have been collected by universities, historical societies, museums, and individuals.

Family History Library
Many native American records have been microfilmed and copies are housed at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City. To find American Indian records in the FamilySearch Catalog look in the Subject Search under the name of the tribe, such as:

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For further information on indigenous people in the United States, see:

Iowa History Reference Guide Pages 22–31 list books and articles about the various American Indian tribes, agents, treaties, and the half-breed tract in Iowa.

Use the Keyword Search feature on catalog drop down menu of the FamilySearch Catalog to find more records under::


 * IOWA - NATIVE RACES
 * IOWA, [COUNTY]- NATIVE RACES

Online Links

 * French Expedition Against The Sac And Fox Indians In The Iowa Country by State Historical Society of Iowa - 1914 page 245; addresses the relationship between the French and the Sac and Fox Tribes for the years 1734 -1735.