User:Lionelfullwood/Sandbox2

England Yorkshire  Middlesbrough

Guide to Middlesbrough history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records. https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?search=User%3ALionelfullwood%2FSandbox4&title=Special%3ASearch



History
With the UK Government redefining of counties and jurisdictions in 1972, Middlesbrough is now part of the County of North Yorkshire. As this will not be of any help for Family History researchers, it is identified above as part of the historic county of Yorkshire. It is a large town and unitary authority area on the banks of the River Tees. and slightly downriver from Stockton on Tees in County Durham, and on the south bank of the river.

In 686 a monastic cell was consecrated by St. Cuthbert at the request of St. Hilda, Abbess of Whitby and in 1119 Robert Bruce, Lord of Cleveland and Annandale, granted and confirmed the church of St. Hilda of Middleburg to Whitby. Up until its closure on the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII in 1537, the church was maintained by 12 Benedictine monks, many of whom became vicars, or rectors, of various places in Cleveland. The importance of the early church at "Middleburg", later known as Middlesbrough Priory, is indicated by the fact that, in 1452, it possessed four altars.

After settlement by the Angles, the area became home to Viking raiders who chose to settle there. Names of Viking origin (with the suffix by) are abundant in the area – for example, Ormesby, Stainsby, Maltby and Tollesby were once separate villages that belonged to Vikings called Orm, Steinn, Malti and Toll, but now form suburbs of Middlesbrough. The name Mydilsburgh is the earliest recorded form of Middlesbrough's name and dates from the Anglo-Saxon era (AD 410–1066), while many of the aforementioned villages are recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086.

In 1801, Middlesbrough was a small farm with a population of just 25. However during the latter half of the 19th century, it experienced rapid growth.

The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) had been developed to transport coal from Witton Park Colliery and Shildon in County Durham, to the River Tees in the east. It had always been assumed by the investors that Stockton, as the then lowest bridging point on the River Tees, would be suitable to take the largest ships at the required volume. However, as the trade developed, and with competition from the Clarence Railway which had established a new port on the north side of the river at Port Clarence, a better solution was required on the south side of the river.

In 1828 the influential Quaker banker, coal mine owner and S&DR shareholder Joseph Pease sailed up the River Tees to find a suitable new site down river of Stockton on which to place new coal wharves. As a result, in 1829 he and a group of Quaker businessmen bought the Middlesbrough farmstead and associated estate, some 527 acres (213 ha) of land, and established the Middlesbrough Estate Company. Through the company, the investors set about the development of a new coal port on the banks of the Tees nearby, and a suitable town on the site of the farm (the new town of Middlesbrough) to supply the port with labor. By 1830 the S&DR had been extended to Middlesbrough and expansion of the town was assured. The town of Middlesbrough was now born. New businesses quickly bought up premises and plots of land in the new town and soon shippers, merchants, butchers, innkeepers, joiners, blacksmiths, tailors, builders and painters were moving in. By 1851 Middlesbrough's population had grown from 40 people in 1829 to 7,600.

The first coal shipping wharves at the port (known as "Port Darlington") were constructed just to the west of the site earmarked for the location of Middlesbrough. The port was linked to the S&DR on 27 December 1830 via a branch that extended to an area just north of the current Middlesbrough railway station. The success of the port meant it soon became overwhelmed by the volume of imports and exports, and in 1839 work started on Middlesbrough Docks. Laid out by Sir William Cubitt, the whole infrastructure was built by resident civil engineer George Turnbull. After three years and an expenditure of £122,000 (equivalent to £9.65 million at 2011 prices), first water was let in on 19 March 1842, and the formal opening took place on 12 May 1842. On completion, the docks were bought by the S&DR.

Ironstone was discovered in the Eston Hills in 1850. In 1841, Henry Bolckow, who had come to England in 1827, formed a partnership with John Vaughan, originally of Worcester, and started an iron foundry and rolling mill at Vulcan Street in the town. It was Vaughan who realized the economic potential of local ironstone deposits. Pig iron production rose tenfold between 1851 and 1856. The importance of the area to the developing iron and steel trade gave it the nickname "Ironopolis".

For many years in the 19th century, Tees-side set the world price for iron and steel. The steel components of the Sydney Harbor Bridge (1932) were engineered and fabricated by Dorman Long of Middlesbrough. The company was also responsible for the New Tyne Bridge in Newcastle.

Middlesbrough's rapid expansion continued throughout the second half of the 19th century (fueled by the iron and steel industry), the population reaching 90,000 by the turn of the century. The population of Middlesbrough as a county borough peaked at almost 165,000 in the late 1960s, but has declined since the early 1980s.

The 1871 census of England & Wales showed that Middlesbrough had the second highest percentage of Irish born people in England after Liverpool. This equated to 9.2% of the overall population of the district at the time. Due to the rapid development of the town and its industrialization there was much need for people to work in the many blast furnaces and steel works along the banks of the Tees. This attracted many people from Ireland, especially after the Irish potato blight, who were in much need of work. As well as people from Ireland, the Scottish, Welsh and overseas inhabitants made up 16% of Middlesbrough's population in 1871.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Walton Lea Crematorium


 * Chester road
 * Walton
 * Warrington, WA4 6TB

Warrington Cemetery


 * Manchester Road
 * Warrington

Fox Covert Cemetery


 * Red Lane
 * Appleton, Warrington

Additional information on locations and finding specific graves can be found at the following web sites:


 * billiongraves: Warrington Cemetery


 * findagrave: Warrington Cemetry


 * Warrington Borough Council death records

Parishes
St Ann's


 * Central Avenue
 * Warrington, Cheshire, WA2 8AJ

Church of the Resurrection


 * St Bridget's Close
 * Warrington, WA2 0EW

Parish Church of St Elphin


 * Church Street
 * Warrington WA1 2TL
 * Phone number +44 1925 635020

Holy Trinity


 * Market Gate
 * Sankey Street
 * Warrington, Cheshire, WA1 1XG

All Saints, Thelwall


 * Bell Lane
 * Thelwall
 * Warrington WA4 2SX
 * Telephone: +44 (0)1925 261166

King's Church


 * Marina Avenue
 * Great Sankey
 * Warrington WA5 1JH
 * Telephone: 01925 451514

St Oswald's


 * Golborne Road
 * Winwick, Warrington

St Paul's


 * Vicarage Lane
 * Helsby
 * Cheshire. WA6 9AB

St Wilfred's Grappenhall


 * Church Lane
 * Warrington, WA4 3EP

St James' Westbrook


 * Canons Road
 * Warrington, WA5 1EU

St Mary's


 * Buttermarket St
 * Warrington, WA1 2

St Matthew's


 * Stretton
 * Warrington, WA4 4NT

Non Conformists
Other Christian and non Christian religious groups follow:


 * Baptists
 * Bethany Pentecostal
 * Evangelical
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Christian Fellowship
 * Jehovah's Witness
 * Kent Street Community Church
 * Lutheran
 * Methodist
 * Pentecostal
 * Roman Catholic

Non Christian populations include:


 * Buddhists
 * Jews
 * Muslims
 * Sikhs
 * Taoists

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the UK government, from July 1837 to the present day.


 * Warrington Council Records Office


 * BMD org: Cheshire


 * Genuki: Cheshire

Local Histories

 * Warrington History Society


 * local histories: Warrington


 * A History of Warrington by Alan Crosby


 * Warrington Forever by Janice Hayes

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Mapquest: Warrington


 * oldmapsonline: Warrington


 * Warrington Council Maps


 * visionofbrotain: Warrington Gazetteer

Newspapers

 * The Warrington Guardian


 * The South Warrington News

Occupations
Warrington is the largest town in the county of Cheshire, and as suck provides major employment in the region. Occupational opportunities fall into 3 major areas; agriculture, industry, and services.

Most of the mother county is rural and agricultural, and is particularly noted for dairy activities. One by-product of such is cheese making, and many are employed in making the famous Cheshire Cheese. Cheshire farms are also noted for its vegetable and fruit provisions. About 15% of the population are employed in the agreicultural area.

Due to its location on the banks of the river Mersey, and its ability to be services by small vessels bringing goods and materials from the docks of Liverpool and Manchester, almost 30% of the town's population find employment in such large manufacturing concerns as Unilever (detergents); Graepels woven and perforated metal meshes; GEA processing Ltd, manufacturers of equipment for the dairy, brewing, and food processing industries; Oadby plastic molding company. There are also a number of small specialty chemical manufacturers in the area.

The balance of the economy provides opportunities in the service arena. This includes the local hospitals, schools and Universities, and a number of large shopping malls.

Societies

 * Warrington Family History Society


 * genuki Warrington


 * Warrington Lancashre history society


 * Liverpool Genealogy Org: Warrington Group

Archives

 * Livewire Archives: Warrington


 * My Heritage Archives: Warrington


 * National Archives: Cheshire

Web Sites

 * wikipedia, Warrington


 * Warrington and Cheshire economy


 * Warrington Borough Council