Chemehuevi Indian Reservation (California)

The Chemehuevi Reservation is a federally-recognized reservation located in San Bernardino County, California.


 * Established -- 1907 and 1970
 * Agency (BIA) -- Colorado River Agency
 * Principal tribes -- Chemehuevi
 * Population -- 2010: 203 - it does not include non Indians

History
This Reservation was established very late in the Reservation establishment period, which may indicate either a relocation of Indians from some other location occurred, or a leader or leaders, of the Chemehuevi took treaty and agreed to accept a Reservation. The Chemehuevi Valley Reservation was established in 1907. It originally covered over 36,000 acres. The Chemehuevi Indians from the Chemehuevi Valley Reservation relocated to the Colorado River Reservation.Colorado River Reservation has a much larger Chemehuevi population. The United States broke a treaty promise with a group of Indians who settled the Chemehuevi Reservation in 1907, from another location to the north. The Chemehuevi continued to fight to have their Reservation returned and on June 5, 1970 the Chemehuevi were once again recognized by the government of the United States. Today, their Chemehuevi Valley Reservation covers 32,500 acres.

Lake Havasu City, Arizona is on the Arizona side of the Colorado River. The Chemehuevi Valley Reservation Tribal Administration Office is located in Havasu Lake, California. The Reservations population was 345 in the 2000 census. Indians accounted for 149 of the population of 345. Hispanics accounted for 77 of the white population of 158.

1907 Deportations
In 1907, the United States deported several hundred Idaho and Montana Chippewas to other Reservations including the Chemehuevi Reservation and Navajo Reservation. Many of the Chemehuevi of Twenty-Nine Palms Reservation, were also relocated to Chemehuevi Valley Reservation. In 1905, the United States eradicated the Lemhi Reservation. Supposedly the Lemhi Reservation covered around 64,000 acres. However, in southwest Montana a large Chippewa population lived. About 15 to 20 miles to the east of the Lemhi Reservation, was Horse Plains Prairie or Horse Prairie, Montana.

According to a book (NATIVE BUT FOREIGN: INDIGENOUS TRANSNATIONAL REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S. - CANADIAN AND U.S. - MEXICAN BORDERLANDS, 1880 PRESENT, page 167), the Cree who are the northern Chippewa people known as the O-mush-ke-go-walk or O-ma-ske-go-walk (Swamp or Swampy People), had around 40 lodges in Horse Plains Prairie. Their population may have been between 200 and 300. There is another Horse Plains a few miles west of Flathead Reservation but southwest Montana is Flathead country according to the October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty which the Flathead leaders signed.

Lemhi Reservation may have been primarily located in southwest Montana. A small portion was located in southeastern Idaho. It extended up to the southern fringes of Anaconda and Butte. According to newspaper reports, the Chippewas who lived south of Anaconda and Butte, were told in 1907 to leave or face interment.

Many were deported to Canada, many more were deported to the Chemehuevi Reservation, Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho, Navajo Reservation, and Uintah-Ouray Reservation of Utah. At the Lemhi Reservation of southeast Idaho, it was reported that over 500 Chippewas left on their own and relocated to the Fort Hall Reservation.

Exactly how many Chippewas were relocated to the Chemehuevi Reservation is unknown. It may have been 100 to 300. Since the Montana and Reserve of Alberta, Canada has a population of over 10,000, far more Chippewas were relocated there than to the Chemehuevi Reservation.

Forced Relocations
In 1895, the United States arrested chiefs Little Shell III and Red Thunder in May. They were forced to leave Montana for the Turtle Mountain Reservation in Rolette County, North Dakota. Afterwards, the United States began to find land for the Chippewas of the Little Shell Pembina Chippewas Blackfeet Reservation (aka Turtle Mountain Reservation of Montana).

One location was Twenty-Nine Palms Reservation in California. It was created in 1895. It may have been the first Reservation created for the Montana Chippewas who were being relocated away from the Little Shell Chippewa's Blackfeet Reservation in June and July of 1896. The United States realized the Reservation (Twenty-Nine Palms Reservation) was impressive. What is now Joshua Tree National Park, was in fact the Twenty-Nine Palms Reservation. It covers 1,234 sq. mi.

In 1908, the United States forced the Chippewas who lived at the Twenty-Nine Palms Reservation to relocate to the Morongo Reservation, Augua Caliente, Cabazon, Colorado River, Soboba, and Torres-Martinez.

Websites
Chemehuevi Indian Culture and History

Mojave Desert Chemehuevi Indians