New Hampshire Taxation

Online Resources

 * 1862-1866 - Internal revenue assessment lists for New Hampshire, 1862-1866 at FamilySearch
 *  1867-1874 - New Hampshire, tax assessment lists, 1867-1874 at FamilySearch. Images only, not indexed.
 * 1727–1788 - New Hampshire. Tax Books, 1727–1788  Salt Lake City: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1975. These books contain inventories of taxes assessed and received from the towns. They include inventories of the polls (usually men over 21) and estates in the province of New Hampshire, 1727–1773.**
 * 1849–1874 - Non-Resident Tax Lists, 1849–1874  New Hampshire. Secretary of State. . Salt Lake City: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1975. These films list the New Hampshire taxes paid by non-residents and are arranged chronologically by year. **

Why Use Tax Records
By studying several consecutive years of tax records you may determine when a young men came of age, when individuals moved in and out of a home, or when they died leaving heirs. Authorities determined wealth (real estate, or income) to be taxed. Taxes can be for polls, real and personal estate, or schools.

Tax record content varies and may include the name and residence of the taxpayer, description of the real estate, name of original purchaser, description of personal property, number of males over 21, number of school children, slaves, and farm animals. Tax records usually are arranged by date and locality and are not normally indexed. Tax records can be used in place of missing land and census records to locate a person’s residence.

County Level
No detailed attempt to locate all annual tax lists for New Hampshire towns has been made. However, they can be found in manuscript collections in public libraries, in the town clerk's offices among the pages of the annual town meetings, and at archives and other repositories. Both residents and non-residents who owned property or businesses may be listed on the annual assessment, which would indicate the number of voting-age males as polls, ages of males listed were 21-50 and occasionally 16-60, and for men moving to or leaving a town and since non-landowners were listed as well, although a few officials were usually exempt.

Two important sources of tax record collections which have been microfilmed and are listed above are available free to view at a Family History Library, they are, The Multi volume nonresident tax list from 1849-1874 and The 1798 U.S. Direct Taxes for district 13. This is 9 Volumes of New Hampshire towns located at that time in Strafford county.

State Level

 * 1862-1866 Internal revenue assessment lists for New Hampshire Internal revenue assessment lists were created into divisions called Districts, each county is put into a district. County names are arranged alphabetically within the division and then within months. The following is a list of counties placed in which district. (knowing the district and county your ancestor lived in will make searching this years taxes list a little faster) (once on page scroll down to district desired and click on camera to open)

U.S. Internal Revenue Assessment Lists. Three types of Reports: A=Annual; M=Monthly; S=Special Years and Reports may be different.

Districts for New Hampshire Counties: DISTRICT 1, Belknap, Carroll, Rockingham, and Strafford counties DISTRICT 2, Hillsborough and Merrimack counties DISTRICT 3, Cheshire, Coos, Grafton, and Sullivan counties

Printed books with tax records: Available at Salt Lake Family History Library or check with WorldCat for other locations.
 * 1633–1699- New Hampshire Residents, 1633–1699,   Jay Mack. . Oxford, Massachusetts: Holbrook Research Institute, 1979.
 * 1732 -  New Hampshire 1732 Census   Holbrook, Jay Mack.  Oxford, Massachusetts : Holbrook Research Institute, 1981.


 * 1798 - Direct Tax, New Hampshire District #13''   Fipphen John S.  Bowie Md Heritage Books 1988 This relates to a special tax taken in the United States in 1798. District 13 consisted of the towns of Alton, Brookfield, Effingham, Middleton, New Durham, Ossipee, Tuftonboro, Wakefield, and Wolfeboro. An index is included.  (view at Family History Library in Salt Lake or check Worldcat for closest library with the same film)

Tax Laws
Abraham Lincoln instituted the income tax in 1862, and on July 1, 1862, Congress passed the Internal Revenue Act, creating the Bureau of Internal Revenue (later renamed to the Internal Revenue Service). This act was intended to “provide Internal Revenue to support the Government and to pay interest on the Public Debt.” Instituted in the height of the Civil War, the “Public Debt” at the time primarily consisted of war expenses. For the Southern States that were part of the Confederate side of the Civil War, once Union troops took over parts of the Southern States, income tax were instituted on them.
 * To learn more about this Collection click here
 * To learn more about the Civil War taxes click here

What history has shown us is that while property taxes are locally levied, there is significant state involvement with the amount of tax local political subdivisions can levy, how property assessments are conducted, and what services local taxing subdivisions must provide for their residents. This comes at a cost to state taxpayers, because the state has obligations it must fund as well, with a limited amount of state tax dollars.