Indigenous Peoples of Indiana

Start your search for records of an American Indian ancestor in other records since Indians are often found in the same records as all other Americans. After you finish those records, turn to records specifically about Indians. Opportunities for genealogical research for American Indians are good because more government records have been created for Indians than for any other ethnic group. Many Indian records must still be obtained from their original archive or library.

It is important to study the history of the tribe, such as migration patterns, marriage and naming customs, and affiliations with government agencies or churches. Because some tribes moved several times, records about them may be in many locations. If you have evidence of Indian ancestry, there are some unique records you can use. Note, however, that many traditions of Indian ancestry are unfounded. Before you can effectively search American Indian records, you should:


 * Identify a specific ancestor who was Indian and learn where the ancestor lived.
 * Identify his or her tribe.
 * Study the history of the tribe.

Among the major tribes that lived in what is now Indiana were the Delaware, Kickapoo, Miami, Mound Builders, Piankashaw, Potawatomi, Shawnee, and Wea. After 1794, treaties were made that opened up large areas of land for settlement. At the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, the Indians were defeated, and white settlements then proceeded at an increased rate. By the 1840s, most of the Indians had moved westward to other lands, either voluntarily or by force.

American Indian Sources
Census indexes are available that list the American Indians in the 1900 and 1910 censuses. See the "Minorities" section above for these sources.

Other sources are:


 * Beckwith, Hiram Williams. The Illinois and Indiana Indians. New York, New York: Arno Press, 1975. (Family History Library book 970.1 B389i; fiche 6087719.) This book gives histories of the various tribes in Indiana.
 * Rafert, Stewart. American-Indian Genealogical Research in the Midwest: Resources and Perspectives. National Genealogical Society Quarterly 76 (September 1988): 212-24. (Family History Library book 973 B2ng.) This article mentions useful local, county, and federal records to search for information on Americans Indians.

Online Resources

http://www.native-languages.org/indiana.htm

http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indiana/index.htm

http://www.in.gov/history/2509.htm

Tribes and Bands of Indiana
The following list of American Indians who have lived in Washington has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians... and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

Chippewa, Delaware, Eel River, Erie, Illinois, Iroquois, Kaskaskia, Kickapoo, Mesopelea, Miami, Mississinway, Neutrals, Piankashaw, Potawatomi, Quiatenous, Seneca, Shawnee, Shockey, Wea, Wyandot

Bands
Wee-sau, Ash-Kum, Mau-ke-Kose, Wee-si-o-nas, Com-o-za of Patiwatan, Motas, Mes-Quaw-uck, Che-case, Aub-ba-mau-bee, Upper Kispoko Band of Shawnee

Potawatomie Bands:
Okaw-mause, Kee-waw-nee, Nee-Boast, Ma Che Saw (Mat chis jaw), Naswaw kee (Nees wawgh gee), Quash-quaw, pee pin ah was, Mach kah tah mo may, No tawkah, To I sas, Che quaw ka ko or Che chaw kosa, Ma sac, Memorn i nee, Me mot way or Me shing go me sia, Me to sin ia, Wee san

Reference


 * Hodge, Frederick Webb., Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico., Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethonology, Bulletin #30 1907.


 * Swanton, John R. The Indians Tribes of North America ( http://www.accessgenealogy.com ) Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethonolgy Bulletin #145.

Reservations
As identified in the National Atlas of the United States of America, there are no current federally-recognized reservations in Indiana. The following are reservations historically associated with the state.


 * Godfrey Reservation
 * Meshingomesia Reservation
 * Osandiah Reservation
 * Ozahshinquah Reservation
 * Tahkonong Reservation
 * Wapapincha Reservation
 * Wife of Benjamin Reservation

Reference


 * Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E. Indian Reservations, Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

 * Fort Wayne Agency 1824-30
 * Indiana Agency 1824-1850
 * Miami Subagency 1824-1853

Reference


 * Hill, Edward E., The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches., Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc., 1974

Family History Library
In the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog many American Indian records are listed under:

INDIANA - NATIVE RACES

See also the Family History Library Catalog’s Subject Search under the name of the tribe, for example:

DELAWARE INDIANS

MIAMI INDIANS

SHAWNEE INDIANS


 * Lyman Copeland Draper Collection which includes:

Tecumseh Papers 9Shawnee Chief-1768-1823  Family History Library film: 889237 &amp; 887238


 * Moravian Church Records

1870 and 1880 index to Blacks, Mulatto and Indians

1870 Census 5 films Family History Library 1st  film 1509480

1880 Census 8 films Family History Library 1st film 1509284

See Also:
Indiana Church for a list of missions

Indiana History for a calendar of events

Indiana Military for a list of forts