Indigenous Peoples of Maine

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Tribes and Bands of Maine
The following list of American Indians who have lived in Maine has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians... and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.


 * Abenaki (Abnaki, Wabanaki)
 * Malecite
 * Passamaquoddy
 * Penobscot
 * Pennacook

Minor or Historical Tribes or Tribes with Minimal Connection to Maine
Anasaguntacooks, Etechemin, Norridgewock

Reservations
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America, the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America , and other sources. Those reservations named in bold are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.


 * Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians
 * Houlton Band of Malecite (Maliseet): State, Tribe: Malecite
 * Indian Township Reservation: State, Tribe: Passamaqoddy
 * Passamaquoddy Reservation: State, Tribe: Passamaquody
 * Penobscot Reservation: State, Tribe: Penobscot
 * Pleasant Point Reservation: State, Tribe Passamaquody

Other Repositories

 * Maine State Archives, State house Station 64, Augusta, ME 04333

Family History Library

 * Catholic Indian Mission records

See Also:

 * Maine-History for a calendar of events
 * Maine-Military for a list of forts