United States Census Substitutes

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Availability
Census substitutes are often available when census records are missing or incomplete. Some census records have been reconstructed by the use of substitute records. The following records are often used for census substitutes:


 * Tax records
 * City directories

Biographical Citations

 * Szucs, Loretto Dennis and Wright, Matthew. Finding Answers in U.S. Census Records. (Orem, Utah: 2001 Ancestry) FHL Book 973 X27s.