Randolph County, Illinois Genealogy

United States &gt; Illinois &gt; Randolph County



County Courthouse
1 Taylor Street, Courthouse Chester, IL 62233

History
The first European settlement in the area that is now called Randolph County, Illinois, was Kaskaskia in 1703. The town was originally settled by the French and Native Americans. The French also settled Prairie du Rocher and Cahokia (the latter in nearby St. Clair County). Kaskaskia was the largest of these settlements throughout its early existance. Randolph County (and all of Illinois) was part of Quebec until 1717, when it was officially annexed into Louisiana.

As a result of the French and Indian War, France lost its North American holdings east of the Mississippi River, including Kaskaskia. Although the British had the rights to Kaskaskia on paper, they did not arrive until 1766. The British ruled the area until it was conquered by the American colonies during the American Revolution. The Americans took Kaskaskia on July 4, 1778, but the Northwest Territory was not clearly in American hands until the conclusion of the Battle of Vincennes on 23 February 1779.

Americans started arriving in Randolph County in the late 1770's, many of them Virginians who had been part of the army that took Kaskaskia. Within 20 years, Americans outnumbered the French and the Mississippi River area of Randolph County and the surrounding area was called the American Bottom (a name it still retains today). Most French settlers migrated across the river to Missouri, which at the time was controled by Spain and later France.

Kaskaskia was made the capital of Illinois Territory in 1809. When Illinois became a state in 1818, Kaskaskia was the state capital. The capital was moved, however, in Vandalia, in 1820, which ended Randolph County's prominence in Illinois history. The county seat was also moved from Kaskaskia to Chester in 1844.


 * Parent County
 * 1795--Randolph County was created 5 October 1795 from the Northwest Territory and St. Clair County.
 * County seat: Chester

Boundary Changes

 * 1816-- Jackson County was formed with the southeastern portion of Randolph County and part of Johnson County.
 * 1816-- Monroe County was formed with the northwest portion of Randolph County and part of St. Clair County.
 * 1827-- Perry County was formed with the eastern portion of Randolph County and part of Jackson County.

Record Loss
The Catholic parish register for Kaskaskia survives in fragments only. Christenings/Baptisms are lost from mid-1721 to 1759. No marriage records before 1724 or from mid-1729 to 1740 are extent, nor are burial records before 1721 or from late 1727 to mid-1764.

Populated Places
Cities and towns


 * Baldwin
 * Chester (county seat)
 * Coulterville
 * Ellis Grove
 * Evansville
 * Kaskaskia
 * Percy
 * Prairie du Rocher
 * Red Bud
 * Rockwood
 * Ruma
 * Sparta
 * Steeleville
 * Tilden

Unincorporated communities


 * Glenn
 * Grigg
 * Menard
 * Modoc
 * Schuline
 * Walsh
 * Welge
 * Wine Hill

Neighboring Counties

 * Jackson
 * Monroe
 * Perry
 * Perry County, Missouri
 * Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri
 * St. Clair
 * Washington

Census
Censuses during the colonial period were irregular, but several exist. Like early American censuses, these only give the names of the head of household and the number of people in the household, but the information they contain is still of great use.


 * 1726 French census: The Census Tables for the French Colony of Louisiana from 1699 Through 1732, by Charles R. Maduell, Jr. Genealogical Publishing Company: Baltimore, MD, 1972, p. 50-60.
 * 1732 French census: The Census Tables for the French Colony of Louisiana from 1699 Through 1732, by Charles R. Maduell, Jr. Genealogical Publishing Company: Baltimore, MD, 1972, p.150-153.
 * 1752 French census: Kaskaskia Under the French Regime, by Natalia Maree Belting. Polyanthos: New Orleans, 1948, p. 86-98. Belting includes a genealogical commentary on each entry in the census.
 * 1787 American census: Kaskaskia Records, 1778-1790, by Clarence Walworth Alvord. Illinois State Historical Library: Springfield, IL, 1909, p. 414-419. Alvord also includes a commentary that contains some genealogical information, although not all of it is accurate. This census only has French names on it. A (perhaps non-comprehensive) list of American men in Illinois (not just Kaskaskia) can be found at Alvord, p. 421-423, 443-445.

Church
The Church of the Immaculate Conception was a Catholic parish established originally as a Jesuit mission among the Indians in 1695 that had moved to the current site of Kaskaskia in 1703. It became a full parish in 1719. The parish register is the best available record for genealogical information before the early 1790's and the arrival of a large influx of Americans. The parish register is available (in French only) in the following sources:


 * La population des forts français d'Amérique (XVIIIe siècle) by Marthe F. Beauregard. Kaskaskia's parish record is in volume 2.  (Note: Beauregard only compiled records through 1799, even though the parish register goes well into the 19th century.)
 * LDS Family History Library microfilm #1026607, Item 3
 * The Drouin Collection at ancestry.com.

Court

 * Kaskaskia Records, 1778-1790, by Clarence Walworth Alvord, 1909. This is a compilation of civil records during the beginning of American rule in Kaskaskia. Includes a mix of court records, petitions to the American government, military records, and censuses.

Local Histories

 * A Directory, Business Mirror, and Historical Sketches of Randolph County by E. J. Montague - the first history of Randolph County, Illinois, published in 1859. It includes biographical sketches of early settlers of Randolph County (mostly Americans) and a directory listing the head of household and occupation of every 1859 resident of Randolph County.
 * Kaskaskia Under the French Regime by Natalia Maree Belting, published in the 1940's and still one of the authoritative sources on French colonial life in Randolph County (especially Kaskaskia).
 * The History of Kaskaskia, Illinois, in a Family History Context

Military

 * Kaskaskia Records, 1778-1790, by Clarence Walworth Alvord, 1909. This is a compilation of civil records during the beginning of American rule in Kaskaskia. Includes a mix of court records, petitions to the American government, military records, and censuses.

Newspapers

 * Early Kaskaskia, Illinois Newspapers, 1814-1832, by Lola Frazer Crowder: Frontier Press, 1994.

Web Sites

 * Family History Library Catalog.
 * Randolph County, Illinois (USGenWeb)