Albany Post Road

The Albany Post Road, also known as the "Queen's Road," and later the "King's Road" connected the colonial seaport of New York City (New Amsterdam) and the fur trading outpost, and second-largest city of Albany (Beverwijck), New York starting in 1669. Each end of the road at New York City and Albany was a nexus of other significant migration routes. The Albany Post Road along the east side of the Hudson River was about 150 miles (241 km) long.

Historical Background
The Albany Post Road was created with military communications apparently in mind during a period tension between the Second and the Third Anglo-Dutch Wars. In 1664 four English warships in the harbor compelled the surrender of the New Netherland colony to England, thereby starting the Second Anglo-Dutch War. The colony was renamed New York. That same year King Charles II of England requested a postal road (later called the King's Highway or Boston Post Road) be built from Boston to newly conquered New York City. The first ride carrying mail on the Boston Post Road was in January 1673. In 1669 the New York government also designated a postal road from New York City to Albany, the Albany Post Road. It followed older trails of the Wiccoppe and Wappinger Indian tribes on the east side of the Hudson River. By 1671 these tribes had been hired to carry the mail between the two towns. In July 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, a Dutch fleet recaptured New York, but the 1674 Treaty of Westminster returned it to England.

In 1703, during Queen Anne's War the legislature authorized the widening of the Albany Post Road into a general public highway. This highway was named the "Queen's Road" in honor of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. When she was succeeded by George II and George III, the road became known as the "King's Road" (not to be confused with the King's Highway from Boston to New York City to Charleston). The Albany Post Road was widened for the military in the 1730s. Around that time taverns were built and occasional stagecoach service began along the route. In 1754, two years before the French and Indian War, the British Army again widened the road to help defend against invasion from Quebec. After 1763 milestones were added at the request of Postmaster Benjamin Franklin. During the Revolutionary War the road was fortified, defended, and frequently used for troop movements. After the war in 1785 the legislature established regular stagecoach service. Mail service went up the river on the east side road, and down the river on the west side road.

In 1806 competing turnpike routes lessened the traffic on the old route. By 1850 railroads had made the Albany Post Road obsolete and stagecoach service stopped.

Route
The counties along this migration route (south to north) were as follows:


 * Manhattan County
 * Bronx County
 * Westchester County
 * Putnam County
 * Dutchess County
 * Columbia County
 * Rensselaer County
 * Albany County

Connecting trails. The Albany Post Road linked to other trails at each end. Other trails also had junctions with it in two places in the middle.

The migration pathways connected at the south end in New York City included:


 * the Atlantic Ocean, and Long Island Sound connected New York City with Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and South America
 * Hudson River a navigable river stretching from north of Albany then flowing south to empty into the Atlantic Ocean at New York City
 * Great Shamokin Path a pre-historic Indian path from Long Island to Lake Erie mostly in Pennsylvania
 * Port of New York City 1624 where ships from around the world brought immigrants, and boats could go up the Hudston River
 * Albany Post Road (or Queen's Road, or King's Road) 1669
 * King's Highway (or Boston Post Road) 1673 connected Boston, Massachusetts to Charleston, South Carolina and many coastal cities between
 * Morris Canal 1831 connected Jersey City, New Jersey (and NY City) to Philipsburg, New Jersey on the Delaware River and part of Pennsylvania
 * Delaware and Raritan Canal 1834 connected New Brunswick, New Jersey on the Raritan River (and NY City) to Bordontown, New Jersey on the Delaware River and part of Pennsylvania

The migration pathways connected at the north end in Albany included:


 * Hudson River a navigable river stretching from north of Albany then flowing south to empty into the Atlantic Ocean at New York City
 * Lake Champlain Trail a pre-historic Indian path from Albany to the St. Lawrence River via the Hudson River, Champlain Canal, Lake Champlain, and in Quebec the Richelieu River (and Chambly Canal)
 * Mohawk or Iroquois Trail 1722 from Albany to Utica to Rome to Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario
 * with a Mohawk or Iroquois Trail west fork by 1758 from Utica to Fort Niagara
 * and that fork was partially overlapped in 1794 by the Great Genesee Road from Utica to Buffalo, Erie County, New York
 * Forbidden Path (later Catskill Turnpike) a pre-historic Indian path from Albany to Buffalo on Lake Erie
 * Old Connecticut Path a pre-historic Indian path from Boston, Massachusetts to Springfield, Massachusetts to Albany with a fork from Springfield to Hartford, Connecticut
 * Albany Post Road (or Queen's Road, or King's Road) 1669
 * Greenwood Road from Hartford, Connecticut to Albany
 * Champlain Canal 1819 connected the Hudson River to Lake Champlain (New York City to Montreal)
 * Erie Canal 1825 connected Albany to Buffalo on Lake Erie (New York City to the Great Lakes)

Between those ends the Albany Post Road also also had junctions with two other important migration routes:


 * Minsi Path from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania via the Delaware Water Gap to Kingston, New York (Ulster County), just across the Hudson River from the Albany Post Road in Dutchess County.
 * Catskill Road (or Susquehanna Turnpike) 1806 from Springfield, Massachusetts to Catskill, Greene County, New York to Wattle's Ferry] on the Susquehanna River] in Otsego County, New York (and eventually Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York) crossed the Albany Post Road in Columbia County.

Modern parallels. The modern road that roughly matches the Albany Post Road is U.S. Route 9 from New York City (Broadway) to Albany.

Settlers and Records
Settlers who came via New York City along the Albany Post Road may have arrived by sea, or by the King's Highway. Arrivals by sea were most likely from northern Europe and the British Isles. Settlers arriving via the King's Highway were most likely from New England, and their ancestors were most likely from the British Isles, Quebec, or France. In the 1820s many Irish workers were attracted to the area to help build the Erie Canal, and Champlain Canal.

Setters who started at the Albany end of the road may have begun in Quebec or Vermont.

No complete list of settlers who used the Albany Post Road is known to exist. Nevertheless, local and county histories along that trail may reveal pioneer settlers who arrived 1669 to 1850, and therefore who were the most likely candidates to have traveled the Albany Post Road.

For partial lists of early settlers who may have used the Albany Post Road, see histories like:

Dutchess County


 * James Hadden Smith, History of Du[t]chess County, New York: with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers (Interlaken, N.Y.: Heart of The Lakes Publ., 1980). WorldCat entry..

Columbia County


 * Franklin Ellis, History of Columbia County, New York: with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers (Philadelphia, Penns.: Everts and Ensign, 1878). WorldCat entry..

Rensselaer County


 * Nathaniel Bartlett Sylvester, History of Rensselaer Co., New York: with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers (Philadelphia, Penns.: Everts and Peck, 1880). WorldCat entry..