New Hampshire, U.S. District and Circuit Court Naturalization Records - FamilySearch Historical Records

What is in This Collection?
This collection includes records such as Petitions for Naturalization, Declarations of Intention and Oaths of Allegiance filed in the United States District and Circuit Courts of New Hampshire from 1873 to 1945. Images are originally housed at The National Archives and Records Administration Boston Branch. This collection is associated with NARA Record Group 21.

General Information About Naturalization Records

Naturalization is a voluntary process through which immigrants can become American citizens. By becoming naturalized citizens, immigrants are granted the same rights, privileges and protections as natural born citizens. Individual States handled naturalization until 1906 when the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization standardized immigration laws and procedures.

Naturalization to become a U.S. citizen is a two-part process: The Declaration of Intent to Naturalize, or First Papers, and the Naturalization Record (including the Naturalization Petition), or Final Papers. The general requirements for citizenship include residency in one U.S. state for one year and in the United States for five years The First Papers were normally filed five years before the Final Papers because of the five-year residency requirement to become a citizen. Naturalization papers are an important source of information about an immigrant's nation of origin, his foreign and “Americanized” names, residence, and date of arrival. Naturalization records were created to process naturalization and keep track of immigrants in the United States.

Naturalization records are generally reliable, but may occasionally be subject to error or falsification. Be sure to search all possible spellings for the surname of the person for whom you are looking. Think about how the surname was pronounced, and how it sounded in the immigrant’s probable accent. Immigrants or their families often changed or Americanized the spelling and pronunciation of their names especially their surname, thus the surname may be spelled differently in records that were closer to your ancestor's immigration date. Also, because immigrants were allowed to naturalize in any court, they often selected the most convenient court. For example, if an immigrant lived in Maine, but worked in Vermont or New Hampshire, they may have gone to a court closer to work.

What Can These Records Tell Me?
The following information may be found in these records: Before 1906, the information recorded on naturalization records differed widely and often didn't mention the immigrant's town of origin or parents' names. These records may contain: In 1906, the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization was created and later renamed Immigration and Naturalization Services or INS. Some results included standardized forms throughout the country and copies of naturalization papers sent to the INS in addition to the court keeping a copy. Naturalization records after 1906 contain more detailed information about the immigrants and their families. Possible information given in post-1906 naturalization records include:

How Do I Search This Collection?
Before searching this collection, it is helpful to know:
 * Name of the person
 * Approximate date of the event

How Do I Analyze the Results?
Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This may require viewing multiple records or images. Keep track of your research in a research log.

I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now?

 * Add any new information to your records
 * If available, check the image for additional information
 * Analyze the entry to see if it provides additional clues to find other records of the person or their family

I Can’t Find the Person I’m Looking For, What Now?

 * Try searching by surname only
 * The person may be recorded with an abbreviated or variant form of their name
 * Remember that spelling was generally not standardized until the early part of the 20th century

Research Helps
The following articles will help you research your family in the state of New Hampshire.
 * Beginning Research in United States Naturalization Records
 * New Hampshire Guided Research
 * New Hampshire Record Finder
 * New Hampshire Research Tips and Strategies
 * Step-by-Step New Hampshire Research, 1880-Present

Other FamilySearch Collections
These collections may have additional materials to help you with your research.

FamilySearch Catalog

 * Newman, John J. American Naturalization Records;1790-1990: what they are and how to use them.’’ Bountiful, Utah: Heritage Quest, 1998. FS Library 973 P47na
 * Szucs, Loretto Dennis ‘’They became Americans: finding naturalization records and ethnic origins’’ Salt Lake City, Utah: Ancestry Publishing, c1998 FS Library 973 P47t
 * Index to New England naturalization petitions, 1791-1906
 * New Hampshire, United States naturalization records, 1906-1993
 * New Hampshire, naturalization records index, 1911-1927
 * Naturalization records (Concord, New Hampshire), 1849-1945
 * Grafton County, United States District Court, petitions for naturalization, 1896-1900
 * Hillsborough County, United States District Court, petitions for naturalization, 1884-1890
 * Rockingham County, Portsmouth, United States District Court, petitions for naturalization, 1858

FamilySearch Digital Library

 * Inventory of federal archives in the states, series 02, Federal Courts, no. 28, New Hampshire New Hampshire : Historical Records Survey, 1938-1941
 * James C. Neagles and Lila Lee Neagles, Locating your immigrant ancestor : a guide to naturalization records rev. ed. Logan, Utah : Everton Publishers, c1986

Citing This Collection
Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used.