France Census

Online Resources

 * 1830-1831 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1836 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1836 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1836 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1836 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1836 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1836-1911 Rhône, Census, 1836-1911 at Ancestry - index and images($)
 * 1836-1911 Belfort, Alsace, France, Censuses 1836-1911 at Ancestry - index and images($)
 * 1836-1936 France, Censuses of Hérault, 1836-1936 at MyHeritage - index ($)
 * 1856 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1856 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1856 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1856 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1856 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1856 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1866 Haut Rhin, Franch, Census 1866 at Ancestry - index & images ($)
 * 1872 1872 France Census at MyHeritage - index & images ($)
 * 1872-1906 France, Censuses of Côtes-d’Armor, 1872-1906 at MyHeritage - index ($)
 * 1876 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1876 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index and images
 * 1876 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1876 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1876 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index and images
 * 1876 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1891 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1891 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1891 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1896 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1896 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1896 France, Seine-Saint-Denis Census, 1896 at MyHeritage — images, ($)
 * 1901 1901 France Census at MyHeritage - index ($)
 * 1906 1906 France Census; at MyHeritage - index
 * 1906 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1906 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1906 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1911 France, Census of Corrèze, 1911 at MyHeritage - index & images ($)

Background
A census is a count and description of a population. Censuses have been taken by the government of France, by individual towns, and by some old provinces. These have been taken primarily for military purposes, taxation, or identification of the poor.

Early census records are local or municipal enumerations taken in connection with taxation. These vary in content but generally contain names of heads of families, and household members either by name or numbers. Early censuses, also called Recensement, centième, denier, or registres de la taille et autres registres d’impôts seigneuriaux et royaux date from 1590 to the present, with some from the 14th century.

The first national census listing names in France was taken in the year 1772. Most national censuses from 1795 to 1836 show only statistics without personal names. From 1836 until 1936, a national census was taken every five years except for 1871 (which was taken in 1872) and 1916 (which was skipped).

Census records less than one hundred years old are confidential and may not be searched by individuals. However, some archivists are not strict with this rule and may allow access to census records up to the last 30 years. Some earlier censuses may have been destroyed because of an 1887 decree, but this law was not applied everywhere. Early town and provincial censuses usually covered a smaller portion of the local population.

Census records do not consistently give the same information, but after 1836 they usually give the surname and given names, age, occupation, head of house, nationality, and sometimes the birthplace. Use the information with caution, however, since the information may have been given to a census taker by any member of the family or a neighbor. Some information may have been incorrect or deliberately falsified.

National censuses are usually found in the departmental archives. Earlier and censuses may be found in Departmental and municipal archives.

For more details about French censuses see page 81 of Guide des recherches sur l'histoire des familles.