Caddo Nation

Various Spellings: Caddo, Cadoe

The Caddo Tribe is primarily associated with the states of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma.

1984 enrollment 2.947



Tribal Headquarters
Caddo Nation P.O. Box 487 Binger, OK 73009 Phone: 405-656-2344 Website

Brief Timeline
1541: First encountered by De Soto

1714: French trading post at Caddoan village at Natchitodes

1770: Caddo-Spanish Treaty

1803: Louisiana Purchase,


 * 1835 July 1, at Caddo Agency, some of the tribe migrated to Texas, some joined the Choctaw

1836: Texas became a republic,

1844: Choctaw expelled the Caddo as "Indian Intruders"


 * 1846 May 15, at Council Springs Treaty

1854: Many moved to Brazos Reserve, Texas

1859: Removal by Superintendent Robert S. Neighbors, on a reservation near the Washita River in Indian Territory - now Caddo County, Oklahoma

1861: Signed a treaty with the Confederate States, those loyal to the Union fled to Kansas until 1867

1865: Caddo were scouts for the U.S. Army

1867: Moved to Oklahoma

1872: Caddo-Wichita Reservation established

Agencies
Red River Agency1824-30

Caddo Agency 1824-42

Texas Agency 1847-59

Wichita Agency 1859-78

Kiowa Agency 1878-80

Reservations
Brazos Reservation

Caddo-Wichita Reservation

Western Superintendency

Southern Superintendency

Central Superintendency

Colorado Superintendency

Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Caddo Nation, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in David Bushnell's Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.

Records
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:


 * Allotment records
 * Annuity rolls
 * Census records
 * Correspondence
 * Health records
 * Reports
 * School census and records
 * Vital records

Land Records
Tribally owned 2,602.64 acres. Allotted land 55,599.92 acres

Agency Records
Correspondence and Census

Treaties
The link on the year (Year of the Treaty) connects to an online copy of the treaty.


 * May, 13, 1833, referred to in Quapaw Treaty,
 * 1835 July 1, at Caddo Agency
 * 1846 May 15, at Council Springs

Important Websites

 * Constitution and By-Laws of the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma, approved in 1976.
 * Caddo Nation official Web Site
 * Caddo Nation Wikipedia

For Further Reading
See For Further Reading.