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Portuguese Colonization (15th c.)
The Portuguese established several settlements along the Gold Coast in pursuit of acquiring gold.

Dutch Colonization (1598-1872)
The Dutch colonized this area in 1598 and lasted until 1872 when it was officially ceded to Britain. Soldaten overzee : aanwijzingen voor het doen van onderzoek naar Onderofficieren en Minderen bij het Koninklijk Nederlandsch-Indisch Leger (KNIL) en bij het leger in West-Indië (1815-1949) is a guide for Dutch colonial soldiers who were stationed in Ghana between 1815 and 1949.

Swedish Colonization (1650-1663)
The Swedish Gold Coast was founded in 1650. It lasted until Denmark seized the colony in 1663 and integrated it into the Danish Gold Coast.

Denmark-Norway Colonization (1663-1850)
The Danish Gold Coast (also known as Danske Guldkyst, Dansk Guinea, or the Guinea Coast) was founded when it was seized from the Swedes in 1663. It ended in 1850 when it was sold to Britain. The Danish primarily colonized this area for the transatlantic slave trade.

Vore gamle tropekolonier gives a history of Danish colonization in Ghana. Scandinavians in Africa: guide to materials relating to Ghana in the Danish National Archives can help you navigate the Danish National Archives for Ghana research. It is also available for loan at Archive.org. Here is a list of Danish Colonial Records in Ghana at the Denmark National Archives. Records in this collection vary but include items like domestic and foreign letters, diary books, journals, and trade records like debt books.

Norway's Arkivverket Riksarkivet also has a small collection of North Africa's Customs and Consumption Office.

Prussian/German Colonization (1682-1720)
The Brandeburger Gold Coast or Groß Friedrichsburg existed from 1682-1720. It ended when king Frederick William I of Prussia sold it to the Dutch Republic.

British Empire Colonization (1867-1957)
The Gold Coast was a British colony in west Africa from 1867 to independence in 1957.