England Archives and Libraries

Archives collect and preserve original documents of organizations, such as churches or governments. Libraries generally collect published sources such as books, maps, and microfilm. This section describes England’s major repositories of genealogical and historical records and sources.

If you plan to visit one of these repositories, write and ask about the collection, hours they are open, services, and fees several weeks before you arrive. Ask if you need a “reader’s ticket” (a paper indicating you are a responsible researcher) and how to obtain one.

Remember, the Family History Library may have printed or microfilmed copies of the records you need.

The major types of repositories holding records of genealogical value are:
 * National archives and libraries
 * County record offices
 * Public libraries
 * Local history libraries
 * Special archives

The National Archives and Libraries
The following repositories house materials about England. These are very helpful.

The National Archives.

The National Archives collects records of the central government (such as parliamentary papers) and law courts from 1086 to the present. These records provide a wealth of information for the family researcher but are best used after you have gathered information elsewhere. You must have a reader’s ticket to use this collection. The staff does not do research but will usually do brief searches if you supply enough information. You can write to this office at the following address:

National Archives Ruskin Avenue, Kew Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU England

Web site: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/?source=home

A catalogue showing the records housed by The National Archives is online.

For other helpful guides to The National Archives, see:

Bevan, Amanda, and Andrea Duncan. Tracing Your Ancestors in the Public Record Office. 4th edition. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1995. (FHL book 942 A5p no. 19 1995)

Cox, Jane. New to Kew?: a first time guide for family historians at the Public Record Office, Kew. Kew, England: Public Record Office, 1997. (FHL book 942 D27cjn)

Information is also accessible through the GENUKIWeb site at:

General Register Office

The General Register Office (part of the Office for National Statistics) houses government birth, marriage, and death certificates from 1 July 1837 to the present for all of England. Copies may be obtained either online, via the Family Records Centre or from a local register office. See the “Civil Registration” section of this outline for the address.

The Family Records Centre in London also has copies of census records from 1841to1891, nonconformist church records, probate records, Regimental Registers, and Chaplain’s Returns.

The British Library.

The British Library is the national repository for all published materials in England. Because its collection is so complex, usually only experienced researchers use it. The library has several departments. The following are the most useful to family history researchers:

British Library at St. Pancras 96 Euston Road London NW1 2DB England

British Library Newspaper Library Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HE England

The Guildhall Library.

The Guildhall Library has many guild (occupation) and business records, kept at:

Guildhall Library Aldermanbury London EC2P 2EJ England

The Guildhall Library also has Lloyd’s Marine Collection (see the “Merchant Marine” article) and London city parish registers.

The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. This repository houses the Manorial Documents Register and the National Register of Archives (NRA). The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts has been working to inventory records that are in archives and private collections. They have a finding aid called the National Register of Archives (NRA) which includes over 191,000 lists of manuscript collections and close to 5,000 finding aids and annual reports from various repositories. These lists are indexed.

The Family History Library has a topographical index to the reports of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts on microfiche 6021002 through 6021007. These indexes are divided into three sections: people, businesses, and organizations. The commission has also published several inventories and reports, some of which are available through the Family History Library. Look in the Author/Title Search of the library catalog under “Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts.” Also check the Locality search under:

GREAT BRITAIN - HISTORY - SOURCES

GREAT BRITAIN - HISTORY - SOURCES - INDEXES

Many of the records described by the commission have changed hands since being examined. For information about the present location of records surveyed by the commission see:

The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. Guides to Sources for British History based on the National Register of Archives. Guide To The Location Of Collections Described in the Reports and Calendars Series 1870-1980. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. 1982. (FHL book 942 H25gs vol.3; computer number 0204994.)

The records are housed at:

Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts Quality House Quality Court Chancery Lane London WC2A 1HF England

The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts has a Web site at:

www.hmc.gov.uk/

Searches can be made in indexes created by the commission on their home page. Also, there are links from the home page to both the Manorial Documents Register and the National Register of Archives.

Information is also accessible through the GENUKI Web site at:

www.genuki.org.uk

London Family History Centre (Formerly known as Hyde Park Family History Centre) 64-68 Exhibition Road London, England SW7 2PA 020-7589-8561 Web site http://www.hydeparkfhc.org

The London Family History Centre (FHC) is one of the more than 4500 centres owned and operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (sometimes referred to as the Mormon Church). There are more than 100 in the U.K. The London FHC has an onsite collection of more than 50,000 microfilms from the Salt Lake City (Utah) Family History Library collection and these are primarily records of the U.K., Ireland, and locations where the British were, e.g. The Caribbean. Other microfilms can be ordered from the Family History Library Catalog on http://www.familysearch.org for a small charge. The London FHC also has 25 computers for patron use with websites such as FamilySearch, FreeBMD, GENUKI, and subscriptions to Ancestry, The National Archives, FindMyPast, and others. Running on the internal server and available on each of its computers are databases including the British Vital Records Index - 2nd Edition, the 1881 British Census, the 1881 Canadian Census, the 1880 U.S. Census, the Scottish Church Records database (10 million names indexed from parish registers before Civil Registration started in Scotland), the Mormon Immigration Index, the Pedigree Resource File, and others. The FHC provides a series of free Family History talks on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 2 PM with the schedule posted on the website under Events. The FHC is open to the public without having to make an appointment and without charge, except for printing or ordering microfilms. South Kensington is the nearest tube stop and the FHC is directly across the street from the Science Museum and Imperial College. See the website for their opening hours, their catalogue of resources, the schedule of events and talks, a map showing the location and tube and bus stops, and a list of the other Family History Centres in the U.K.

County Record Offices
In England each county has one or more offices that house records about the particular county. Records of genealogical value in these offices include land records, church records, taxation records, probate records, miscellaneous indexes, and collections. Some county record offices have personal or place-name indexes to some of the records in their collection.

County record offices are open to the public. Some require a reader’s ticket. If you write for information, be as concise as possible. The offices are small and have limited staff, so you may have to wait a few weeks for a reply. If staff members are unable to search their records, you may ask for a list of record agents who can search the records for you.

Two books listing addresses for county record offices are:

Church, Rosemary, and Jean Cole. In and Around Record Repositories in Great Britain and Ireland. 3rd ed. Huntingdon, Cambridge: Family Tree Magazine, 1992. (FHL book 942 J54cj; computer number 0673604.) This gives street and mailing addresses and maps showing the locations of offices.

Record Repositories in Great Britain: A Geographical Guide. 10th ed. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1997. (FHL book 942 J54r 1997; computer number 0638954.) This gives street and mailing addresses of the repositories, along with their telephone numbers, e-mail addresses, and Internet sites.

Public Libraries
Public libraries collect many published sources such as local histories, city directories, maps, newspapers, family histories, and parish registers. You can find addresses for public libraries in:

Harrold, Ann, ed. Libraries in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland 1991. 18th ed. London: The Library Association Publishing Limited, 1991. (FHL book 942 A5lu; computer number 0193703.)

Local History Societies
Local history society librarians collect and write histories of the people and places in their area. Addresses of local history societies are in the following books:

Henderson, S.P.A., and A.J.W. Henderson,ed. Directory of British Associations &amp; Associations in Ireland. 13th ed. Beckenham, Kent: CBD Research Ltd., 1996. (FHL book 942 E4hd; computer number 0054630.)

Pinhorn, Malcolm. Historical, Archaeological and Kindred Societies in the United Kingdom: A List. Isle of Wight: Pinhorns, 1986. (FHL book 942 C4h 1986; computer number 0370075.) An update to this book was published in 1995.

Special Archives
City, university, occupational, and ecclesiastical archives also hold family history information. Holdings and services vary widely. The books by Foster and Moulton described below in “General Guides” give more information about special archives.

 General Guides

Some guides to English archives and libraries are:

Foster, Janet, and Julia Sheppard. British Archives: A Guide to Archive Resources in the United Kingdom. 3rd ed. New York: Stockton Press Ltd., 1995. (FHL book 942 J54f 1995; computer number 0763911.) This guide lists addresses, major records, and publications of various repositories in the United Kingdom. It is indexed by county and by type of collection.

Iredale, David. Enjoying Archives: What They Are, Where to Find Them, How to Use Them. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore &amp; Co. Ltd., 1985. (FHL book 942 A5i 1985; computer number 0183662.) This guide describes the heritage of documents in Great Britain and a few of the archives where documents are stored. It explains the work of the county record office, how the staff preserves manuscripts, and a method for reading old records.

Moulton, Joy Wade. Genealogical Resources in English Repositories. Columbus, Ohio: Hampton House, 1988. Supplement published 1992. (FHL book 942 J54m; computer number 0469640.) This book contains addresses and describes the holdings of county record offices, genealogical and family history societies, and other repositories. Maps of repository locations are included.

Inventories, Registers, Catalogs

Most archives have publications that describe their collections and how to use them. If possible, study these guides before you visit or use the records so you can use your time more effectively.

Many published inventories, guides, catalogs, and directories for archives and libraries are listed in the Family History Library Catalog under:

ENGLAND - ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES

ENGLAND, [COUNTY] - ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES

ENGLAND, [COUNTY], [CITY] - ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES

The National Inventory of Documentary Sources in the United Kingdom and Ireland is a microfiche collection of calendars and finding aids for British archives, libraries, and museums. It provides a detailed listing of the box, folder, and sometimes individual documents contained in various collections. To find the call numbers, look in the Author/Title Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:

NATIONAL INVENTORY OF DOCUMENTARY SOURCES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND IRELAND

A name and subject index to this collection is available (London: Chadwick-Healey, 1986–). (FHL fiche 6341118; compact disc 1313 no. 10.)

Locating Web sites for Record Offices and Libraries

You can locate an archive or library’s Web site on the Internet through GENUKI at:

www.genuki.org.uk/big/#Archives

Computer Networks and Bulletin Boards

Computers with modems can be useful tools for obtaining information from selected archives and libraries. In a way, computer networks themselves serve as a library. The Internet, certain computer bulletin boards, and commercial on-line services help family history researchers:

Locate other researchers.

Post queries.

Send and receive E-mail.

Search large databases.

Search computer libraries.

Join in computer chat and lecture sessions.

You can find computerized research tips and information about ancestors from England in a variety of sources at the local, county, national, or international level. The list of sources is growing rapidly and most of the information is available at no cost.

The FamilySearch™ Internet Genealogy Service at www.familysearch.org. This Web site, created by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, may help you with your family history by allowing you to:

Search the Church’s family history databases that are available on-line.

Coordinate your research efforts with others.

Preserve and share your genealogy.

Search other Internet sites for information about your ancestors.

Addresses on the Internet change frequently. The following site is an important gateway linking you to many more network and bulletin board sites:
 * www.genuki.org.uk GENUKI is a cooperative effort by many genealogical and historical societies to list databases, libraries, bulletin boards, and other resources available on the Internet for parishes and counties.