Step-by-Step Texas Research, 1880-Present

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Step 1. Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.
Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.

What should be asked?
In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :
 * Fifty Questions for Family History Interviews What to Ask the Relatives
 * Genealogy: 150 questions to ask family members about their lives
 * Creating Oral Histories

What documents should be collected or copied?
Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.

Using the clues to lead to census record searches.
Your grandmother, Donnie Breedlove, gives you this newspaper clipping. It has no date, but your grandmother was born in 1935, in Texas. So we will start with the 1940, 1930, and 1920 censuses of Texas to see if we can find any of the people named in this obituary. If we can find them living in the homes of their parents, we can follow this Barlow line back for several generations.

Step 2. Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.
A census is a count and description of the population of a country, state, county, or city for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day. For each person living in a household you might find (depending on the year) their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were a veteran of the military.

In 1940, we find the whole family described in the obituary: Elmo (Russell), his wife Nadine, and children Freddie, Donnie, and Russell. By subtracting their ages from 1940, we can get the approximate years of their births, all in Texas.



Next, in 1930, we find Russell (Elmo) and Nadine, fairly newly married, with a 7-month old baby, Russell.



We were unable to locate the family in the 1920 census. In the 1910 census, Russell Elmo is a new baby living with his parents Perry and Maude Barlow.



This census is a little harder to interpret because everyone is listed with initials. But we think the P.E. Barlow born in 1882 is Perry Barlow. We have to be really careful about the assumptions we make with such scanty evidence.

This Edward Barlow looks a lot like the E.E. Barlow in 1900. But the information in these two censuses needs verified with some other sources!



Step 3: Find birth, marriage, and death certificates for ancestors and their children.
States, counties, or even towns in some states recorded births, marriages, and deaths. In addition to the child's name, birth date, and place of birth, a birth certificate may give the birthplaces of the parents, their ages, and occupations. A death certificate may give the person's birth date and place, parents' names and birthplaces, and spouse's name.

Using the census clues to lead to a birth certificate.
Now, we want to try to find important birth records for the various people represented in these census records. Here is just one example of what we will find.

Using the census clues to lead to a marriage certificate.
One main purpose for locating records for is to establish the identity of the wives--their maiden names. In some cases the names of the parents of the bride and groom are given:

Using the census clues to lead to a death certificate.
[By studying the census records, and assuming that most people lived to be 65-70 years old, you can decide the time frame where you would expect to see a death certificate. '''It is very important to send for death certificates. Even though you might feel that knowing a death date is not high priority, the death certificate is important because of all the secondary data: birth date and place of the deceased, maiden name of the wife, names of the deceased's parents, birth places of the deceased's parents.

Some of the examples are index entries. That means for each of them an actual, original, full certificate exists. It is highly advisable to order the original certificate. It will contain many details not given in the index. In some cases, the image of the original is found online. Instructions are given below on obtaining the original certificate in other cases.
 * Notice that these two death certificates more officially prove the information we found in the census records. Census records are circumstantial evidence of birth.  These birth certificates are primary source documents confirming that Russell Elmo Barlow was the son of Perry Nix Barlow who was the son of Ed E. Barlow and Miranda English.

Obtaining the certificates

 * There are basically four ways to find these certificates, or the information from them: by finding them in an online database, by reading a microfilm, by writing to a county courthouse (prior to state civil registration), or by purchasing them through the mail.

Online databases, usually indexes, with some images

 * This chart gives links to some Texas online databases for these records:

Finding Microfilm Copies of Certificates
Many Texas state or county birth, death, and marriage certificates and vital records indexes are available on microfilm through the FamilySearch Library. These may be searched at a FamilySearch center near you. Most notably, you will find:


 * Texas birth records, 1903-1910, 1926-1936
 * Texas, County marriage records, 1837-1977
 * Texas, death certificates, 1977-1986
 * Texas, deaths, 1890-1976
 * Texas death records, 1890-1976
 * An index to death records, Texas, 1903-1945

Many of these microfilms are also available online, as the film description will indicate.

Records at the County Courthouse
From the date of the formation of a county until the establishment of state civil registration, birth and marriage records were kept by the County Clerk. They may have been microfilmed, or you can write for them. It is appropriate to write asking for either a single record or for a list of all the marriages for a given surname. This Letter Writing Guide will help you with phrasing a letter. This online directory by Genealogy Inc. will give you the address of the County Clerk. Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the "Courthouse and Government Records" to find the address and phone number. If you are at the main FamilySearch Library, check first to see if microfilms of the county vital records are available. In the search field of the FamilySearch Catalog, enter the state and county. Then click on the "Vital Records" subject. The cost of renting the microfilms at a FamilySearch Center probably makes it less expensive to just write to the County Clerk.

Ordering certificates through the mail
Even if you find an online indexed entry for a birth, marriage, or death, almost always the full original certificate will contain a wealth of information not contained in the index. A death certificate will usually give the names and birth places of the parents of the deceased. A marriage certificate frequently asks for the parents names of the bride and groom. A birth certificate frequently asks for the birth place, occupation, residence, and age of the parents. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates at least of your direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents).


 * Click here for information on how to order birth records.


 * Click here for information on how to order marriage records.


 * Click here for information on how to order death records.

U.S. Social Security Death Index and Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007

 * The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
 * The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
 * You can search these records online at
 * Also at Ancestry.com, ($), index.
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off, by providing information filed in the application or claims process.
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off, by providing information filed in the application or claims process.


 * If you find your ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.

Obituaries

 * Try these Texas links:
 * Online Texas Death Records &amp; Indexes
 * ObituaryHelp Texas
 * GenealogyBuff Texas
 * Texas Obituaries
 * ObitsArchive Texas
 * ObituariesHelp.org Texas
 * ObituaryLinks Texas
 * — index and images

Cemeteries

 * Try these Texas links:
 * Online Texas Death Records &amp; Indexes
 * Texas Cemetery Records at Interment.net
 * Findagrave.com Texas Cemetery Records
 * Billiongraves.com Texas Cemeteries
 * USGenWeb Tombstone Transcription Project
 * Linkpendium Search by county.
 * USGenWeb Tombstone Photos
 * Access Genealogy
 * Texas Cemetery Records
 * I Dream of Genealogy Texas Cemeteries
 * Texas Gravestone Project, index
 * Texas Gravestone Project, index

Here are several examples of FindAGrave records:





World War II Draft Registration
Likewise, the World War II draft in 1942 may give birth date, birth place, residence, occupation, employer, and other family members as contacts. Search for your male relatives born in this time period at
 * , index and images.



Step 6: Look for church records.
Church records function as vital records. Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration.
 * An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
 * Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
 * Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.



FamilySearch

 * Texas, Church Records, 1852-1994 - index and images, very incomplete
 * 1840-1981 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; Index only.
 * 1837-1973 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; Index only.
 * 1903-1973 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; Index only.

Dutch Reformed

 * 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Vital Records, 1856-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)
 * 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Membership Records, 1856-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)

Episcopal

 * Episcopal Diocese of Arizona church records : jurisdiction of New Mexico and Arizona, 1889-1971

Lutheran

 * 1781-1969 - U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Church Records, 1781-1969, index and images, incomplete.($)

Methodist

 * New Mexico and Texas, Select United Methodist Church Records, 1870-1970 ($)

Presbyterian

 * 1701-1970 U.S., Presbyterian Church Records, 1701-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)

Roman Catholic

 * 1700-1996 Texas, U.S., Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio Sacramental Records, 1700-1996 at Ancestry - index & images ($)

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 * For help with church records kept in Texas, see Texas Church Records.
 * To search records by denomination, if you know your ancestors religion, go to Searching for Church Records by Denomination.

Step 7: Search for online wills and probate packets.
For more information, see U.S. Probate Records Class Handout.

County probate records

 * County probate records include probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration. In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet. Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.


 * Currently, these records are microfilmed and digitized:
 * Texas, Wills and Probate Records, 1800-2000, ($), index and images, incomplete.
 * Images.


 * Eventually more of these records may become available online.


 * In the meantime, this online directory by Genealogy Inc. will enable you to arrange to have them searched for a fee: Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the Courthouse and Government Records to find the address and phone number of the County Clerk of Court. Ask them about the years covered by their probate records and their procedure and fees for ordering copies probate packets. When you write, always ask for the full probate packet, not just the will or administration.

Step 8: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.
The census records may show that your ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records are the next goal. Immigration refers to people coming into a country, such as the United States, and emigration refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Usually these records are passenger lists of the ships they sailed on. A typical record will show name, age, and country of origin, but in ship lists after 1906 you can find the actual town of birth, the next of kin still living in the old country and their residence, and the names of relatives in the place they are traveling to.

Immigration records
Passenger lists and border crossing lists are the most common immigration records. There are many immigration records available. Click here to see a complete list of available immigration records online. Notice that they are listed by state, but under the letter "U" there is a long list of records that cover all of the United States. Unless family information tells you the port where family arrived, you will need to search all of the United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records for the time period when your ancestors arrived.

There are also many immigration records unique to Texas:
 * Galveston, Texas, Jewish Immigration Records, 1901-1917 Index and images ($)
 * A New Land Beckoned:German Immigration to Texas, 1844-1847 Book ($)
 * A New Land Beckoned:German Immigration to Texas, 1847-1861 Book ($)
 * Texas, Passenger Lists, 1893-1963 Index and images ($)
 * — index and images
 * , index and images.
 * , index and images.
 * Images only.
 * Index and images. Also at FindmyPast, ($), index
 * Images only.
 * Aransas, Texas Crew Lists, 1912-1965 Index and images ($)
 * Images only.
 * Image only.
 * , index
 * , images/no index
 * Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild Galveston Arrivals Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, Vol. 4, Vol. 5
 * OliveTree Genealogy, Ships Passenger Lists to Texas
 * Galveston Immigration Database 1846-1948, index

Naturalization (Citizenship) Records
Naturalization is the process of becoming a citizen. Records can include the immigrant's declaration of intent to become a citizen, petitions for citizenship, and final certificate of naturalization. Naturalization records after 1906 can show birth date and place, spouse's name, marriage date and place, and lists of children with their birth dates.

Texas naturalization records could be recorded at the county court or the Federal District or Circuit Court. You must look for them in both locations. Try searching first in any county where the person lived, unless the census tells you the year they were naturalized, and you have evidence of where they lived that year. If you cannot locate them in the county records, try searching for them in the Federal courts.

Texas Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records

 * Texas, Naturalization Records, 1881-1992 ($)


 * Images. Also at Ancestry.com, ($), index

Local histories

 * Published histories of towns, counties, and states usually contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
 * Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories:
 * Hathi Trust Digital Library. Don't use the keywords Texas; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
 * Google Books. Use keywords "Texas" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
 * Family History Books
 * Internet Archive.Use keywords "Texas" and the county name.
 * Genealogy Book Links, Texas. Browse list; county histories are interspersed.
 * Ancestry.com, ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use Texas and the name of the county.


 * Local histories are extensively collected by the FamilySearch Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies. If you have access to the FamilySearch Library or a FamilySearch center, you can find out about local histories the library has by checking the FamilySearch Catalog. In the "place" field, type the name of your county and select it from the drop down list, then click "Search". A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, and History - Indexes.

Biographies
These collections of biographies can be searched online. Most have a table of contents and an index. Or use the "Find" function on a computer.
 * County and Town histories with biographies
 * Texas, Index Card Collections, 1800-1900, ($), index
 * The Handbook of Texas, index

Step 10: Contact a county historical or genealogical society.
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 * County historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
 * Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
 * Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the county. :*Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia than you.
 * Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the county. :*Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia than you.


 * If you can find the society on the internet, they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, you can hire one of their members to search the collection for you.

This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings. Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society.

Historical Images
Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.
 * Texas, United States Historical Images, New Version
 * Texas, United States Historical Images, Old Version

Texas Online Genealogy Records
Search any other online records listed in Texas Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the Texas Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.
 * Texas Online Genealogy Records

Step 12: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in Texas.
This article focused more on Texas state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in Texas. This can help you with other records kept on a county level.