Texas, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records - FamilySearch Historical Records

United States Texas

What is in the Collection?
This collection consists of scanned images of records from National Archives microfilm publication M1912Records of the Field Offices for the State of Texas, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands which is part of Record Group 105 Records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands. The images are generally arranged in the order the records were microfilmed with the records of the Assistant Commissioner who oversaw Bureau operations in the state and state level staff officers; Quartermaster and Disbursing Officer, first then the local field office records are arranged alphabetically by location and by NARA roll number.

To Browse This Collection

 * NARA Select Images from Freedmen's Bureau Records

Collection Content
For details about the contents of these records, their history, and help using them, see the wiki article: United States Freedmen’s Bureau Records (FamilySearch Historical Records)

Sample Images
Records with Freedmen and Refugees Names


 * Office of the Assistant Commissioner, Roll 1, Unidentified Volume Relating to Patients and Accounts
 * Quartermaster and Disbursing Officer, Rolls 7-9, Reports of Persons and Articles Hired
 * Quartermaster and Disbursing Officer, Roll 11, Orders for Transportation, Accounts, 6 volumes
 * Austin, Roll 12, Register of Complaints, Register of Contracts
 * Bastrop, Roll 13, Register of Complaints
 * Belton, Roll 13, Register of Complaints
 * Boston, Roll 13, Register of Complaints
 * Boston, Roll 14, Affidavits and Settlements
 * Brenham, Roll 14, Register of Complaints
 * Bryan, Roll 14, Register of Complaints
 * Centerville, Roll 14, Register of Complaints
 * Columbia, Roll 15, Register of Complaints, Register of Contracts
 * Columbus, Roll 18, Register of Complaints
 * Crockett, Roll 19, Register of Complaints
 * Gonzales, Roll 21, Register of Complaints
 * Halletsville, Roll 21, Register of Complaints
 * Houston, Roll 22, Register of Complaints, 3 volumes, Receipts
 * Huntsville, Roll 23, Register of Complaints
 * Jefferson, Roll 23, Register of Complaints
 * La Grange, Post 23, Register of Complaints, Evidence in the Case of F. D. Ackerman
 * Liberty, Roll 24, Register of Complaints
 * Lockhart, Roll 24, Register of Complaints
 * Marlin, Roll 24, Register of Complaints
 * Marshall, Roll 24, Register of Complaint
 * Meridian, Roll 24, Register of Complaints
 * Nacogdoches, Roll 24, Register of Complaints
 * Palestine, Roll 25, Register of Complaints
 * Richmond, Roll 25, Contracts
 * San Augustine, Roll 25, Register of Complaints, Register of Contracts
 * Seguin, Roll 26, Register of Complaints
 * Sterling, Roll 26, Register of Complaints
 * Sumpter, Roll 26, Register of Complaints
 * Tyler, Roll 27, Register of Complaints
 * Waco, Roll 27, Register of Complaints
 * Wharton, Roll 28, Records Relating to Complaints, Accounts

What Can these RecordsTell Me?
The Freedmen’s Bureau records are a major source of genealogical information about post Civil War African Americans. The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau) was created in 1865 at the end of the American Civil War to supervise relief efforts including education, health care, food and clothing, refugee camps, legalization of marriages, employment, labor contracts, and securing back pay, bounty payments and pensions. These records include letters and endorsements sent and received, account books, applications for rations, applications for relief, court records, labor contracts, registers of bounty claimants, registers of complaints, registers of contracts, registers of disbursements, registers of freedmen issued rations, registers of patients, reports, rosters of officers and employees, special and general orders and circulars received, special orders and circulars issued, records relating to claims, court trials, property restoration, and homesteads.

How Do I Search the Collection?
To begin your search it is helpful to know at least some of the following:
 * The name of your ancestor.
 * The approximate age of your ancestor.
 * The place where your ancestor lived.
 * The name of the former slave owner.

Compare the information on the image to what you already know about your ancestor to determine if it is the correct family or person. You may need to compare several images before you find your ancestor.

View images in this collection by visiting the Browse Page then: ⇒Select the "Freedmen's Bureau Office or Subordinate Field Office Location" ⇒Select the "NARA Roll Number - Contents"

For tips about searching on-line collections see the on-line article FamilySearch Search Tips and Tricks.

What Do I Do Next?
Whenever possible, view the original records to verify the information and to find additional information that might not be reported. These pieces of information can lead you to additional records and family members.

I Found Who I was Looking for, What Now?

 * Use the age to calculate a birth date and to find other records such as birth, christening, census, land and death records.
 * Use the information to find additional family members. Witnesses or bondsmen were usually relatives.
 * Repeat this process with additional family members found, to find more generations of the family.
 * Church Records often were kept years before government records were required and are a good source for finding ancestors before 1900.

I Can’t Find Who I’m Looking for, What Now?

 * Try viewing the original record to see if there were errors in the transcription of the name, age, residence, etc. Remember that there may be more than one person in the records with the same name.
 * Collect entries for every person who has the same surname. This list can help you identify possible relations that can be verified by records.
 * If you cannot locate your ancestor in the locality in which you believe they lived, then try searching records of a nearby locality in an area search.
 * Former slaves may have had used multiple names or changed their names until they decided upon one particular name. Search all possible names along with variations or spellings of their known names.
 * Standard spelling of names typically did not exist during the periods our ancestors lived in. Try variations of your ancestor’s name while searching the index or browsing through images.
 * Remember that sometimes individuals went by nicknames or alternated between using first and middle names. Try searching for these names as well.
 * Search the indexes and records of Texas, United States Genealogy.
 * Search in the Texas Archives and Libraries.

General Information About Freedmen's Bureau Records
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was established in the War Department in March of 1865. It was commonly called the Freedman’s Bureau and was responsible for the management and supervision of matters relating to refuges, freedmen, and abandoned lands. The Bureau assisted disenfranchised Americans, primarily African Americans, with temporal, legal and financial matters, with the intent of helping people to become self-sufficient. Matters handled included the distributing of food and clothing; operating temporary medical facilities; acquiring back pay, bounty payments, and pensions; facilitating the creation of schools, including the founding of Howard University; reuniting family members; handling marriages; and providing banking services. Banking services were provided by the establishment of the Freedman’s Saving and Trust Company, or Freedman’s Bank. The Bureau functioned as an agency of the War Department from approximately June 1865 until December 1868. In 1872, the functions of the Bureau were transferred to the Freedmen’s Branch of the Adjutant General’s Office. The Bureau assisted over one million African Americans, including many of the nearly four million emancipated slaves, which was over 25% of the population of former slaves in America. The records identify those who sought help from the Bureau at the end of the Civil War. Most supplicants were freed slaves, some of which were military veterans. In addition, a few veterans who were not African Americans also sought help from the Bureau. Freedmen’s Bureau records are usually reliable, because the records were supplied through first-person correspondence or the recording of a marriage.

Citing this Collection
Citing your sources makes it easy for others to find and evaluate the records you used. When you copy information from a record, list where you found that information. Here you can find citations already created for the entire collection and for each individual record or image.

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