Step-by-Step Massachusetts Research, 1850-1910

Massachusetts Step-by-Step Research, 1850--1910 Step-by-Step Research, 1880-present Step-by-Step Research, 1850--1910

Step 1: Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.
Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.

What are the best questions to ask?
In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :


 * 50 Questions to Ask Relatives About Family History at ThoughtCo.com
 * Creating Oral Histories at FamilySearch Wiki

What documents should be collected or copied?
Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.

Step 2: Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.
Example of a census record.
 * A census is a count and description of the population for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day.
 * For each person living in a household (depending on the year), their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were a veteran of the military can be listed.
 * Searching for a family in census records every ten years can identify all the children in a family.
 * Searching in earlier census records to find someone as a child can identify parents.

File:Mass census 1 22.png



Look for ancestors in as many censuses as possible. Use the clues from each census for hints where to find families in both earlier and later census records.
- For more information, see Massachusetts Census and United States Census.

Step 3: Try to find additional details in death certificates, Social Security, obituary and cemetery records online.
When a person dies, several records will be created: death certificates, Social Security records, obituaries, and cemetery records.
 * Death certificates can give birth information for people born before actual birth registration began. Death certificates frequently give the birth date and place, parents' names, and birth places of parents.


 * The Social Security Death Index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits. The index entries give the person's full birth date, last known residence, and residence at the time they first enrolled.


 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index provides information filed in the application or claims process, including valuable details such as birth date, birth place, and parents’ names.


 * Cemetery records can be as simple as the information on the headstone or, in some FindAGrave records, they can report more thorough information about birth, parents, spouses, children, and siblings.

Example of a death index entry.



Death Indexes

 * 1620-1850 Massachusetts, U.S., Town Death Records, 1620-1850 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1700-1850 Massachusetts, U.S., Compiled Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1700-1850 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1795-1910 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1840-1910 United States, Massachusetts, Death Index, 1840-1910 at MyHeritage — index ($)
 * 1841-1915 Massachusetts, U.S., Death Records, 1841-1915 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1841-1924 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1844 Massachusetts Deaths, 1844: Vol. 8, Barnstable to Hampshire; Volume 9, Middlesex to Worcester at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1901-1980 Massachusetts, U.S., Death Index, 1901-1980 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1969-2010 Massachusetts Deaths, 1969-2010 at Findmypast — index ($)
 * 1970-2003 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index; Also at: Ancestry ($), American Ancestors ($)
 * Online Massachusetts Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index

Writing for Full Death Certificates
The full original certificate will contain information not contained in the index. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates, particularly for direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents, etc). In the states of New England, records were created and maintained by town clerks. Most are online but can be viewed in person or requested by mail.
 * Where to Write for Massachusetts Birth, Marriage, Death and Divorce Records at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.gov

Vital Records

 * Pre-1850 Massachusetts Vital Records To 1850 at Findmypast — index ($)
 * 1620-1850 Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1620-1850 at American Ancestors — index & images ($); Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * 1620-1988 Massachusetts, U.S., Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1626-2001 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1753-1900 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images; Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * 1841-1910 Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1841-1910 at American Ancestors — index & images ($)
 * 1841-1910 Search for Citations to Vital Records (1841 - 1910) at Massachusetts Archives, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts — index & images ($)
 * 1841-1925 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1911-1915 Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1911-1915 at American Ancestors — index & images ($)
 * 1916-1920 Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1916-1920 at American Ancestors — index & images ($)

U.S. Social Security Records

 * The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
 * The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
 * You can search these records online at


 * 1935-2014 U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1936-2007 U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 at Ancestry — index ($); Picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off by providing information filed in the application or claims process
 * 1962-2014 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index


 * If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.

Obituaries

 * 1704-1974 Massachusetts Newspapers, 1704-1974 at MyHeritage — index & images ($)
 * 1824-Current Massachusetts Newspaper Obituaries (1824 - Current) at GenealogyBank — index & images ($)
 * 1930-Current U.S., Obituary Collection, 1930-Current at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1980-2014 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * County and Town Histories, Massachusetts at LearnWebSkills — index & images
 * Find Online Obituaries, Newspapers, Cemetery and Death Records at Archives.com — index & images ($)
 * Massachusetts Newspapers and Obituaries at LDS Genealogy — index
 * Massachusetts Obituaries at NewpaperObituaries.net — index
 * Massachusetts Obituaries at ObitsArchive.com — index & images ($)
 * Massachusetts Obituary Links at GenealogyBuff — index
 * Online Massachusetts Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index

Cemeteries

 * 1650-2000 Cemetery Transcriptions from the NEHGS Manuscript Collections, 1650-2000 at American Ancestors — index & images ($)
 * Pre-1940 Massachusetts Cemetery Records at New Horizons Genealogy — index
 * 1949-1969 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * BillionGraves — index & images
 * at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Findmypast ($)
 * Farber Gravestone Collection at David Rumsey Farber — index & images
 * FindaGrave — index & images
 * at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * Massachusetts Cemeteries at I Dream of Genealogy — index
 * Massachusetts Cemetery Records at AccessGenealogy — index
 * Massachusetts Death Records and Massachusetts Cemetery Records at Interment.net — index
 * Massachusetts Tombstone Transcription Project at USGenWeb Tombstones — index
 * Online Massachusetts Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index

For more information, see Massachusetts Obituaries and Massachusetts Cemeteries.

Step 4: Search for birth and marriage records online.
'''Vital records registration of births and marriages at the state level started in 1926. Prior to that the individual towns and counties kept some records.  Example of birth indexes.''' Example of an indexed county marriage entry.

Online Records
Births Marriages
 * Massachusetts, Town Birth Records, 1620-1850 ($)
 * Massachusetts, Town Birth Records, 1620-1850 ($)
 * Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1620-1850 ($)
 * Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 ($)
 * Index only.
 * — index & images
 * Index and images.
 * Massachusetts, Birth Index, 1840-1910 - index ($)
 * Massachusetts, Birth Records, 1840-1915 ($)
 * Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1841-1910 - index & images ($)
 * Massachusetts, Birth Index, 1901-1960 and 1967-1970 ($)
 * Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1911-1915 - index & images ($)
 * Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1916-1920 - index & images ($)
 * pre 1699: American Marriages at Ancestry - index only ($)
 * pre 1700: New England Marriages at Ancestry - index & images ($)
 * pre 1800: Early Massachusetts Marriages Vol. I, Vol. II, Vol. III, Vol. IV at Ancestry; images only ($)
 * 1600-1961: Massachusetts Marriages at Findmypast - index & images ($)
 * 1620-1850: Massachusetts Town Marriage Records at Ancestry - index only ($)
 * 1633-1850: Massachusetts Compiled Marriages at Ancestry - index only ($)
 * 1695-1910, 1921-1924: at FamilySearch; index only
 * 1700-1850: Massachusetts Compiled Birth, Marriage, and Death Records at Ancestry - index & images ($)
 * 1784-1840: Massachusetts Marriage Index at Ancestry - index only ($)
 * 1841-1915: at FamilySearch; index & images; Also at Ancestry ($), MyHeritage ($)
 * 1861-1956: Marriages performed by three Rabbis in Boston, Chicago and Massachusetts at Ancestry - index only ($)
 * 1901-1955, 1966-1970: Massachusetts Marriage Index at Ancestry - index & images ($)
 * Old Colony Ancestors Marriages at GenealogyToday ($)

Town Records
In Massachusetts, the original vital records (of births, marriages, and deaths) have been created and maintained by the town or city in which the event occurred. In very early colonial times, copies of these records were submitted to the county, but that practice died out before 1800. There were marriage intentions commonly recorded in the bride's home town and additional recordings maybe found in the groom's home town and their current residence. Massachusetts was the first state to bring a unified state-level recording of these events (but not marriage intentions) in 1841 (Boston excluded until 1850).
 * Where to Write for Massachusetts Birth, Marriage, Death and Divorce Records

For more information on birth, marriage, and death records in Massachusetts, see How to Find Massachusetts Birth Records, How to Find Massachusetts Marriage Records, and How to Find Massachusetts Death Records.

Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards.
There are many different types of military records: draft records, enlistment records, service records, pension records, etc. Information in military records can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information. - Example of a World War I draft card. - Example of a World War II draft card.





'''Search the World War I and World War II Draft Collections for male relatives.
- For more information and additional collections, see Massachusetts Military Records.
 * , index and images.
 * , index and images.

Step 6: Look for church records online.
Church records function as vital records. Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration.
 * An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
 * Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
 * Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.

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FamilySearch

 * 1630-1943 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & some images incomplete
 * 1639-1915 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index only
 * 1695-1910 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index only
 * 1795-1910 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1630-1905 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1640-1961 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images

Ancestry.com

 * 1700-1850 Massachusetts, Compiled Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1700-1850($), index and images.
 * 1620-1988 Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 ($)
 * 1633--1850 Massachusetts, Marriages, 1633-1850 ($)
 * before 1699 American Marriages Before 1699 ($)
 * before 1700 U.S., New England Marriages Prior to 1700 ($)
 * before 1800 Early Massachusetts Marriages Prior to 1800, Vol. I($) Other digital versions:Genealogy Today, Internet Archive.
 * 1620-1988 Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 ($)

Findmypast

 * 1600-1961 United States Marriages – Massachusetts, 1600-1961 ($) index and images
 * 1600-1961 United States Marriages – Massachusetts, 1600-1961 ($) index and images

Catholic

 * 1789-1920 Massachusetts, U.S., Boston Archdiocese Roman Catholic Sacramental Records, 1789-1920 at Ancestry - index ($)
 * 1789-1920 Massachusetts: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston Records, 1789-1920 at American Ancestors - index & images ($)

Congregational

 * Online Congregational Church Records, images

Dutch Reformed

 * 1701-1995 U.S., Selected States Dutch Reformed Church Membership Records, 1701-1995, index and images, incomplete.($)
 * 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Vital Records, 1856-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)

Lutheran

 * 1781-1969 - U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Church Records, 1781-1969, index and images, incomplete.($)
 * 1800-1947 U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Swedish American Church Records, 1800-1947, index and images, incomplete.($)

Methodist

 * 1787-1922 All New England, Select United Methodist Church Records, 1787-1922, index and images, incomplete. ($)

Presbyterian

 * 1701-1970 U.S., Presbyterian Church Records, 1701-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)

Other Collections

 * Dunham-Wilcox-Trott-Kirk indexes church, cemetery, probate and other early New England, New York and New Jersey records with links to abstracts of the records.

- For help with church records kept in Massachusetts, see Massachusetts Church Records. To search records by denomination, if you know your ancestors religion, go to Searching for Church Records by Denomination.

Step 7: Search for online wills and probate packets.

 * County probate records include '''probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
 * In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
 * Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.

Search these indexes and images for probate records.

 * United States Wills and Deeds Experimental Search: Massachusetts
 * Massachusetts, Wills and Probate Records, 1635-1991, ($), index and images, incomplete.
 * , images/no index.
 * Images only.
 * Mayflower Deeds and Probates, 1600-1850, ($), index/images

Probate Information in County Wiki Articles
Each Massachusetts county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: Massachusetts Counties

For more information, see Massachusetts Probate Records and United States Probate Records.

Step 8: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.
The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step.



Massachusetts Immigration Records

 * United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records
 * Mayflower Passengers
 * One Step Webpages by Stephen Morse Links to free and $ online passenger lists
 * The Winthrop Fleet of 1630 ($)
 * Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild Boston Arrivals Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, Vol.4, Vol. 5, Vol. 6.
 * The Planters of the Commonwealth in Massachusetts, 1620-1640 ($)
 * Seaman's Protection Certificate Register Database, 1796-1871

Massachusetts Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records

 * United States Naturalization and Citizenship Online Genealogy Records
 * Browse Only.
 * Index.
 * Index to Petitions and Records of Naturalizations of the U.S. and District Courts for the District of Massachusetts, 1907-1966 ($)
 * Petitions and Records of Naturalizations of the U.S. District and Circuit Courts of the District of Massachusetts, 1906-1929 ($)
 * Massachusetts, Petitions and Records of Naturalizations, 1906-1929 ($)
 * Massachusetts, Naturalization Records - Originals, 1906-1929 ($)
 * U.S. Naturalization Records Indexes for Massachusetts, 1906-1911 - U.S. Circuit Court ($)
 * U.S. Naturalization Records Indexes for Massachusetts, 1906-1966 - U.S. District Court ($)
 * U.S. Naturalization Records Indexes for Massachusetts, 1906-1966 - U.S. District Court ($)

For more information, see Massachusetts Emigration and Immigration and Massachusetts Naturalization and Citizenship.

Step 9: Search land records online.
These records will give the They can contain clues to
 * names of the buyer (grantee) and seller (grantor),
 * previous or new residence of the parties to the deed
 * the date they obtained the land,
 * the description of exact location of the land, sometimes mentioning neighbors.
 * family members who shared ownership of the land,
 * sold or gave land to a child, or
 * officially witnessed the sale.

Search for any ancestor's land records.

 * United States Wills and Deeds Experimental Search: Massachusetts
 * 1620-1986 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; images only
 * 1671-1673 Massachusetts: Plymouth Colony Deeds, 1671-1673 at American Ancestors - index & images ($)
 * 1805-1845 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; images only
 * Indexes to the Massachusetts land records are online by district/county, mostly post 1948, downloadable pdf's.

For more information, see Massachusetts Land and Property and United States Land and Property.

Local Histories

 * Published histories of towns, counties, and states sometimes contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
 * Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories: Massachusetts; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
 * Google Books. Use keywords "Massachusetts" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
 * Family History Books
 * County and Town Histories:*Internet Archive.Use keywords "Massachusetts" and the county name.
 * Ancestry.com, ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use Massachusetts and the name of the county.

FamilySearch Collected Local Histories

 * Local histories are extensively collected by the FamilySearch Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies.
 * If you have access to the FamilySearch Library or a FamilySearch center, you can find local histories by:
 * Go to the FamilySearch Catalog.
 * In the "Place" field, type the name of your county and click "Search".
 * A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, or History - Indexes.

Biography Collections

 * County and Town Histories, Massachusetts, with biography
 * American Biographical Library for Massachusetts ($)
 * A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England. Four Volumes. 1860-62. By James Savage. Reprint. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1965. A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England - description and online availability.
 * Massachusetts Biographies, Access Genealogy's Biography Center
 * Massachusetts U. S. Biographies Project by GenWeb, index
 * Biographical history of Massachussetts Volume 1, 1911, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, e-book, Vol. 4, Vol.5, Vol. 6, Vol. 7, Vol. 9
 * Memorial Encyclopedia of the State of Massachusetts
 * The Rich Men of Massachusetts, index
 * Old Colony Ancestors database, Genealogy Today, index
 * Encyclopedia of Massachusetts, biographical--genealogical Vol. 4, Vol. 6
 * Men of Massachusetts : a collection of portraits of representative men in business and professional life in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, e-book
 * Genealogical and personal memoirs relating to the families of the state of Massachusetts, e-book, Vol. 2, Vol. 3,Vol. 4
 * Biographical encyclopedia of Massachusetts of the nineteenth century. v.2
 * Representative men and old families of southeastern Massachusetts Vol. 1, e-book, Vol. 2, Vol.3
 * One of a thousand, a series of biographical sketches of one thousand representative men resident in the commonwealth of Massachusetts, e-book
 * Massachusetts of today : a memorial of the state, historical and biographical, issued for the World's Columbian exposition at Chicago, e-book.
 * Biographical sketches of representative citizens of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, e-book
 * Men of progress; one thousand biographical sketches and portraits of leaders in business and professional life in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, e-book
 * Register of members and records of their revolutionary ancestors / Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. (1907), e-book
 * Historical collections, : being a general collection of interesting facts, traditions, biographical sketches, anecdotes, &amp;c., relating to the history and antiquities of every town in Massachusetts, with geographical descriptions, e-book
 * Sons of the Puritans; a group of brief biographies, e-book.

For more information, see Massachusetts Biography.

Step 11: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.

 * Historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
 * Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
 * Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the area.
 * Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia.


 * Find the society on the internet, and they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, one of their members can be hired to search the collection for you.

This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings. Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society.

Historical Images
Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.
 * Massachusetts, United States Historical Images, New Version
 * Massachusetts, United States Historical Images, Old Version

Massachusetts Online Genealogy Records
Search any other online records listed in Massachusetts Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the Massachusetts Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.
 * Massachusetts Online Genealogy Records

Step 13: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in Massachusetts.
This article focused more on Massachusetts state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in Massachusetts. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.