User:Batsondl/Sandbox Iowa

Online Resources
Native American Online Genealogy Records
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Introduction
The name Iowa is derived from an Indian word meaning: "this is the place" or "the beautiful land". To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites see the American Indian Genealogy article.

Early indigenous people of Iowa built thousand of mounds, the mounds may have be for burial, ceremonial, religious and elite residence.

Tribes Recognized by the Federal Government
Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa

Tribes Recognized by the State of Iowa
There are currently no tribes recognized by the state of Iowa.

Historical Tribes in Iowa

 * NOTE: All of the tribes listed here are from AccessGenealogy.com

Many of these tribes or bands lived in or had only minimal association with the area now known as Iowa. Some of them are only mentioned in treaties as parties to the cession of land in Iowa to the federal government.

The following list of Native Americans who have lived in Iowa has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians... and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

Agencies
Agencies and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Iowa has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs..., Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians , and others.


 * Council Bluffs Subagency
 * Great Lakes Agency
 * Raccoon River Agency
 * Sac and Fox Agency
 * Sac and Fox Field Office
 * Tama Agency
 * Turkey River Subagency 1842-1846
 * Upper Missouri Agency
 * Winnebago Agency

Reservations in Iowa
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native Americans was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.


 * 1832-1836 Keokuk Reservation Wikipedia (or Keokuk Reserve) -- a small reserve for the Sac and Fox, 1832-1836, following the Black Hawk War, after which they were removed to later reservations.


 * 1852 Marion Resolution, 1852 at FamilySearch — Marion Resolution 1852. A petition of Whites in Linn County, Iowa to allow Native Americans to remain.


 * 1867 Sac and Fox Reservation-- established in 1867 -- Federal reservation located in Tama County, Iowa, under the jurisdiction of the Sac and Fox Agency. Tribe: Sac and Fox (also known as Mesquakie).


 * Omaha Reservation -- primarily located in the southern part of Thurston County, Indian's Nebraska, but a portion extends into Monona County, Iowa. See Indians of Nebraska for additional information.


 * Winnebago Reservation -- mostly located in Thurston County, Nebraska but there is a small segment in Woodbury County, Iowa, just east of the Missouri River. See Indians of Nebraska and Winnebago Reservation for additional information.

Half-Breed Tract
A Half-Breed Tract was located in Lee County, Iowa. An 1824 treaty between the Sauk people, the Fox tribe, and the United States set aside a reservation for mixed-blood people related to the tribes. Lying between the Mississippi, and Des Moines rivers and below an eastward extension of the Sullivan Line (The old Indian boundary surveyed out by John C. Sullivan in 1816—at approximately 40.60° N.), the Tract occupied an area of approximately 119,000 acres (480 km2). Under the original treaty, the half-breed people had the right to occupy the soil, but individuals could not buy or sell the land.

In 1834 Congress repealed the rule. Immediately afterward, claim jumpers claimed much of the land. The government gave away mixed-blood peoples' claims to the land, effectively ending the provisions of the Half-Breed Tract by 1841.

Joseph Smith, Jr. purchased parts of the Half-Breed Tract, probably in 1837, from a land speculation company. Deeds to most of the land were faulty and could not be held. This left the church with only about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2), including a town called Commerce in Illinois. The Mormons moved to this Illinois site from Far West, Missouri, to escape the Missouri Executive Order 44 issued by Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs.

Iowa Indian Schools
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Missions in Iowa
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Indian Health Agencies in Iowa
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Iowa Map of Indian Lands
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Iowa Native Americans Historical Background
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Archives
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Libraries
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Museums
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Societies
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Other Repositories
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