Dutch Genealogical Word List

Dutch (like English and German), is a Germanic language derived from Old Low Franconian and Old Saxon.

Dutch is spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean, and Suriname. Flemish, which is spoken in Belgium, is a major dialect (regional variation) of Dutch. It uses words similar to the words on this list. Afrikaans, a separate language spoken in South Africa, is descended from Dutch and preserves many older and dialect features of Dutch, but contains many German and English words as well. Frisian, which is spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland, is a different language from Dutch. The "Additional Resources" section below will tell you how to use the FamilySearch Catalog to find dictionaries of the various dialects and related languages.

In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan.

Key Words
To find and use specific types of Dutch records, you will need to know some key words in Dutch. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Dutch words with the same or similar meanings.

For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Dutch words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Dutch records to indicate marriage.

Numbers
In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form.

Dates and Time
In Dutch records, dates are often written out. For example:

Donderdag, drie en twintig maart in het jaar van onse heer een duizend acht hondert en zesendertig [Thursday, three and twenty March in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six and thirty].

To understand Dutch dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.

Times of the Day
Dutch birth and death records often indicated the time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.

E

 * echt marriage
 * echtbreker adulterer
 * echtelieden spouses
 * echtgenoot husband
 * echtgenote wife
 * echtgenoten husband and wife, spouses
 * echtscheiding divorce
 * echtverbintenis marriage
 * edel(man) noble(man)
 * een a, an, one
 * eenendertig thirty-one
 * eenendertigste thirty-first
 * eenentwintig twenty-one
 * eenjarig annual, yearly
 * eerder before, previously, earlier
 * eergisteren day before yesterday
 * eerlijk honest
 *  eerste first
 * eertijds formerly
 * eeuw century
 * ehelieden spouses
 * eigenaar owner, proprietor
 * eigengeërfde yeoman, freeholder
 * eiland, eilant island
 * elf eleven
 * elfde eleventh
 * elk each, every
 * emigrant emigrant
 * emigranten register emigration file
 * emigratie papieren emigration records
 * en and
 * enig only, single
 * erfenis inheritance
 * erkennende recognizing, acknowledging
 * ervan of it
 * ervoor for it
 * Evangelisch evangelical 

F

 * fabriek factory, mill
 * familie-geschiedenis family history
 * familieleden family members,relatives
 * familielijst family list, group sheet
 * familienaam family name, surname
 * familiewapen familycoat of arms
 * Februarij, februari February
 * feestdag feast day, holiday
 * fiches index cards
 * florijn guilder
 * Frankrijk France
 * frans French

G

 * gangbaar current
 * geboorte birth
 * geboorteakte birth certificate
 * geboortebewijs proof of birth,birth certificate
 * geboorteplaats place of birth
 * geboortetijd time of birth
 * geboortig born at, native of
 * geboren born, maiden name, née
 * gebracht brought, placed, charged, put, been
 * gedelegeerden delegate, delegates, delegates to
 * gedoopt baptized, christened
 * geelzucht jaundice
 * geen no, none, without
 * geestelijke priest, clergyman
 * gegeven given, gave
 * gehucht hamlet
 * gehuwd married
 * geld money
 * gelegitimeerd legitimized
 * gelijk same, alike, similar
 * gemeenschap community, township
 * gemeente town, municipality, parish
 * gemeenteraadslid councilman, town councilor
 * genaamd named
 * genaamt named
 * genealogie genealogy
 * genoemden named, mentioned
 * gerechtelijk(e) court, judicial
 * gerechtshof judicial court
 * Gereformeerd(e) Calvinist Reformed
 * gering small
 * gescheiden divorced
 * geschenk deed, gift, present
 * geschiedenis history
 * geslacht sex, gender
 * geslachtsboom pedigree, family tree
 * gestorven died
 * gestorven zonder nageslacht died without issue
 * geteekend signed, drew
 * getranscribeerd transcribed
 * getrouwd married
 * getuigen witnesses
 * gewesen former
 * gezegend blessed, the deceased
 * gezin immediate family
 * gezindheid religious affiliation
 * gezinslijst family group sheet
 * gezwel, gezwollenheid swelling, tumor
 * gezworene juryman, person under oath
 * gisteren yesterday
 * Godsbeschikking dispensation, God's will
 * godsdienst religion
 * goed good, right, correct
 * graaf count, earl
 * graafschap county, shire
 * graf grave, tomb
 * grasmaand gras month,April
 * grens border (between countries)
 * grensgebied border, region
 * groen green
 * groet greet, greeting
 * grondeigenaren property owners
 * groot large, big, great
 * groothandelaar trader, merchant
 * grootmoeder grandmother
 * grootvader grandfather
 * gulden guilder (unit of money)

H

 * haar, hare hair, her, hers
 * had(den) had
 * half half
 * halfbroeder half brother
 * halfzuster half sister
 * handel trade, occupation
 * handtekening signature
 * handwerksgezel journeyman
 * hebben to have
 * heden today
 * heel all, whole, entire, complete
 * heer master, gentleman, Mr.
 * Heer the Lord
 * heerschappen gentry, lords
 * hem him
 * hen, hun them, their, theirs
 * herbergier innkeeper
 * herder shepherd
 * herfst autumn, fall
 * herfstmaand fall month, September
 * Hernhutter Moravian
 * hertog duke
 * hertogdom duchy
 * hertogin duchess
 * Hervormd(e) Dutch reformed
 * Hessisch Hessian
 * het it, the
 * heuvel hill
 * hij he
 * hoe how
 * hoer harlot, immoral woman
 * hoesten cough
 * hoger upper, higher
 * hollands Dutch
 * honderd hundred
 * honderdste hundredth
 * hoofdplaats capital
 * hoog high
 * hooimaand hay month, July
 * houtvester forester
 * huidziekte measles
 * huis house
 * huisgezin immediate family
 * huishoudster housekeeper
 * huisland home, native country, homeland
 * huisvrouw housewife
 * huizenkant inside, side of a house
 * hun their
 * huwelijksaangiften marriage intention
 * huwelijk marriage
 * huwelijksaf(aan)-kondigingen marriage banns
 * huwelijksbijlagen marriage supplements
 * huwelijksdag day of marriage
 * huwelijksfeest wedding
 * huwen to marry

I

 * immigrant immigrant
 * in in
 * ingekomen arrival, immigration
 * ingezetenen citizen, occupants
 * inhoud contents
 * inwoner inhabitant, citizen
 * is is
 * italiaans Italian
 * Italië Italy

J

 * jaar, jaren year, years
 * jaarlijks annual, yearly
 * jager hunter
 * Januarij, januari January
 * j.d. (jonge dochter) unmarried daughter
 * j.g. (jong gezel) young man, bachelor
 * jicht gout
 * j.m. (jonge man) young man, bachelor
 * jong(e) young
 * jongeling a youth, unmarried man
 * jongen boy
 * Jood Jew
 * joods(e) Jewish
 * juffrouw Miss, Madame
 * Julij, juli July
 * Junij, juni June

K

 * kamer room (in a house)
 * kan can
 * kanaal canal
 * kanker cancer
 * kantwerkster lacemaker
 * karman coachman
 * kasteel castle
 * Katholiek Catholic
 * keizerlijk imperial
 * keizerrijk empire
 * kerk church
 * kerkboek church book,parish register
 * kerkelijk(e) church (pertaining to church)
 * kerkelijk ambt parish office
 * kerkeraads-handelingen church minutes
 * kerkgenootschap religious affiliation
 * kerk meester church warden
 * kerk voogt church warden
 * kil stream, brook
 * kind, kinderen child, children
 * kinkhoest whooping cough
 * klapper index
 * kledinghandelaar clothier
 * kleermaker tailor
 * klein little, small
 * kleindochter granddaughter
 * kleiner smaller, lesser
 * kleinzoon grandson
 * klompenmaker wooden shoemaker
 * km. kilometer
 * knecht servant, laborer, journeyman
 * kohier(en) register(s), ledger(s)
 * koning king
 * koningin queen
 * koninklijk royal
 * koninkrijk kingdom
 * koopman buyer, seller, vendor, trader, merchant
 * kopen to buy
 * koperslager coppersmith
 * koster sexton
 * kraambed childbed
 * kraambed gestorven died in childbirth
 * kraambedkoorts puerperal fever, childbed fever
 * kramer seller, vendor, peddler
 * krampachtig convulsions
 * krampen cramps, convulsions
 * krijgen to receive
 * kuiper cooper
 * kunnen could
 * kwaal disease, complaint
 * kwaliteit status, quality
 * kwartierstaat pedigree, family tree

L

 * laat, laatste tijd late (in the day), lately
 * laatste latter, last
 * lakenvoller (-volder) clothier, fuller
 * land land, country
 * landbouwer farmer
 * landgoed, landbezit estate
 * landkaart map
 * landlieden farmers
 * landman cottager, farmer
 * land verlatend emigrant
 * laten to let, leave, allow
 * leeftijd age
 * leerjongen apprentice
 * leerling student, apprentice, pupil
 * leerlooier tanner
 * leggen to place, put, impose, to lay
 * lente spring (season)
 * lentemaand spring month,March
 * leven to live
 * levend living
 * levenloos without life, stillborn
 * levens-beschrijving biography
 * lidmaten members, membership
 * linker hand left hand
 * links left (direction)
 * linnenwever linen weaver
 * logementhouder innkeeper
 * longontsteking pneumonia
 * longtering consumption, tuberculosis
 * looier tanner
 * louwmaand January
 * Lutheraan, Luthers Lutheran
 * lijk corpse
 * lijnslager rope maker

M

 * maagd virgin, maid, servant girl
 * maand month
 * maandag Monday
 * maar but
 * Maart March
 * mag may (might)
 * makelaar registers real estate registers
 * man husband, man
 * mannelijk male
 * markt market
 * mazelen measles
 * meer lake, more
 * meerderjarige of legal age
 * Meij, mei May
 * meier tenant farmer, bailiff
 * meisje girl
 * melkerij milk factory, dairy
 * melkfabriek milk factory, dairy
 * mengel (mingel) liquid measure, about one to two quarts
 * met with
 * met name named, alias
 * metselaar mason, bricklayer
 * meu aunt
 * meubelmaker furniture maker
 * middag ('s middags) afternoon (in the afternoon)
 * middernacht midnight
 * mijnheer Mr.
 * mijnwerker miner
 * militaire military
 * minderjarige minor, below legal age
 * misschien maybe, perhaps
 * missen to miss, lack
 * mocht might
 * moeder mother
 * moet(en) must
 * mogen may (might have), to allow
 * molen mill
 * mondig verklaring declaration of being of legal age
 * morgen unit of land area, about two acres
 * morgen ('s morgens) morning, tomorrow (in the morning)
 * mijl mile (varying lengths, up to 5.5 km.)

N

 * na after
 * naaister seamstress
 * naam name
 * naar to, toward, for, according to
 * naar gelang van to, after, according to
 * naast beside, following, next (to)
 * nabijkomen approach, approximate
 * nabuur neighbor
 * nacht ('s nachts) night (in the night)
 * namen names
 * namiddag, ('s namiddags) afternoon (in the afternoon)
 * neder low, lower (directional)
 * Nederland the Netherlands
 * nederlands Dutch
 * neef nephew, male cousin
 * neefje nephew, young male cousin
 * negen nine
 * negende ninth
 * negenentwintig twenty-nine
 * negenentwintigste twenty-ninth
 * negentien nineteen
 * negentiende nineteenth
 * negentig ninety
 * negentigste ninetieth
 * neger Negro
 * nicht niece, female cousin
 * nichtje niece, young female cousin
 * niet(s) no, none, not
 * niets nothing
 * nieuw new
 * nimmer never
 * noemen to christen, call, name
 * nog still, yet, other
 * nog in leven still living, surviving
 * nommer, nummer number
 * nooit never
 * noor(s) Norwegian
 * noord north
 * Noorwegen Norway
 * notaris notary
 * november November

O

 * october October
 * of or
 * om for, because of, at, round
 * oma grandma
 * omstreeks about, around
 * on- un- (prefix)
 * onbekend unknown
 * onder under
 * ondergetekende the undersigned
 * ondertrouw betrothal (already registered)
 * ondertrouw betrothal (already registered)
 * onderwijzer (school) teacher
 * onderwijzeres female teacher
 * onecht kind illegitimate child
 * ongehuwd unmarried
 * ongeleerdheid illiterate, unlearned
 * ongetrouwd single, unmarried
 * ongeveer almost, approximately
 * onkunde inability, incompetence, ignorance, ignorance of
 * onmiddellijk right away, immediately
 * onmondigen minor, under age
 * ons, onze us, our
 * ontvangen to receive, received
 * ontvanger tax collector
 * onwettig illegitimate, illegal
 * onze, ons us, our
 * opgesteld drafted
 * oogstmaand harvest month,August
 * ook also
 * oom uncle
 * oorkonden records, documents
 * oost east
 * op on, upon
 * opa grandpa
 * opgetreden appeared
 * op heden today, on this day
 * op hoge leeftijd at a great (old) age
 * opnemen to receive
 * opper upper
 * oprecht honest
 * optreden to appear
 * opziener overseer, inspector, guardian
 * organisatie organization, society
 * oud old (age)
 * ouder older, elder
 * ouderdom age
 * ouders parents
 * oudoom great-uncle
 * oudste eldest
 * oudtante great-aunt
 * over above, over, via
 * overeenkomst contract, agreement
 * overgrootmoeder great-grandmother
 * overgrootvader great-grandfather
 * overleden dead, deceased
 * overledene, de the deceased
 * overlevenden survivors
 * overlijden to die
 * overnemen to take over, adopt (an action)
 * overschrijven to extract

P

 * pachter tenant farmer, leaser, one who leases
 * pachter (van belastingen) publican, tax collector
 * Palts, de the Palatinate
 * Paltsgraafschap count palatine (the place)
 * paltsgrafelijk (from the) palatinate
 * parochie parish
 * parochieregisters parish registers
 * Pasen Easter, Passover
 * Pascha Paasover
 * pastoor pastor, priest (Roman Catholic church)
 * patroon manor lord, patron, employer
 * peet godfather, godparent, sponsor
 * peetoom godfather
 * peettante godmother
 * pensionering retirement
 * pest plague, pestilence
 * petemoei godmother
 * peten godparents
 * plaag plague, scourge
 * plaats place
 * planter planter, farmer
 * pokken smallpox
 * Polen Poland, Poles
 * pools Polish
 * poorter citizen, freeman
 * poortersboeken burgher registers
 * portugees Portuguese
 * predikant minister, clergyman (Protestant church)
 * prins prince
 * prinses princess
 * protestant protestant
 * protocol document, register
 * provinciaal provincial
 * provincie provinces
 * Pruis(isch) Prussian
 * Pruissen Prussia

R

 * raad council, counsel
 * recht right (correct), straight, law, justice
 * rechter judge, magistrate
 * rechter(zijde) right side
 * rechter hand right hand
 * rechterlijk legal, court (judicial)
 * rechtmatig rightful, right (correct)
 * rechts right (direction)
 * regering government, administration
 * rekeningen accounts, bills
 * rentenier retired tradesperson, man of means
 * rivier river
 * roede rod (unit of length, about twelve feet or 3.6 meters)
 * rond around, about
 * rood red
 * roodvonk scarlet fever
 * Rooms Katholiek Roman Catholic
 * ruim [ruim 80 = eighty plus years old] large, broad, wide, upwards of
 * Rus(sisch) Russian
 * Rusland Russia
 * rijk empire, kingdom, rich, wealthy
 * rijksarchief national and/orstate archive, public record office

S

 * 's = des of the

Sakser Saxon


 * samen together
 * schaapherder shepherd
 * scheeps of a ship (the ship's)
 * schenking donation, gift
 * schepen alderman, magistrate, ships
 * schepenakten city council records
 * schilder painter
 * schip ship
 * schipper barge man, boatman, skipper
 * schlepel unit of measure, about .7 to 1.3 bushels
 * schoenmaker shoemaker
 * school school
 * schoondochter daughter-in-law
 * schoonzoon son-in-law
 * schoonzuster sister-in-law
 * schriftgeleerde scribe
 * schrijnwerker cabinet maker, joiner
 * schrijver scribe, writer, author
 * schuit barge, boat
 * September September
 * sinds(dien) since
 * slachter, slager butcher
 * slachtmaand slaughter month,November
 * slag hit, stroke, blow
 * slager, slachter butcher
 * slechts but, only, merely
 * sloot ditch
 * slot lock, castle
 * slotenmaker locksmith
 * smid (black)smith
 * soldaat soldier
 * soms sometimes, besides, in addition to
 * spaans Spanish
 * Spanjaard Spaniard
 * Spanje Spain
 * spoedig quickly, soon, speedy
 * sprokkelmaand wood gathering month, February
 * staat state
 * staats of the state
 * staatsburger citizen
 * stad city, town
 * stamboeken lineage books, genealogical register
 * stamboom pedigree
 * steeds always, still
 * steenbakker brick maker, stone mason
 * stellen to place, put, impose
 * sterven to die
 * stief- step-
 * straat street
 * stroom stream, river

T

 * 't = het the
 * taal language
 * tachtig eighty
 * tachtigste eightieth
 * tafel index, table
 * tanden krijgen getting teeth, teething
 * tante aunt
 * te at, to
 * tegelijk together, at the same time
 * tegen(over) against, across
 * tegenwoordigheid presence, the presence of
 * te huis at home
 * teraardebestelling burial, interment
 * testament last will, testament
 * thuis at home
 * tien ten
 * tiende tithing
 * tiende tenth
 * tienjarige tafels ten-year (decennial) index
 * tiental [tiental dagen = about ten days] decade
 * timmerman carpenter
 * toekomend future, next
 * toekomstig future, prostpective
 * toenaam surname
 * toestaan to let, grant, allow
 * toestemmen to consent
 * touwslager rope maker
 * trouwboek marriage book
 * trouwdag wedding day
 * trouwen to marry
 * tuberculose consumption, tuberculosis
 * tuin garden, yard
 * tuinman, tuinier gardener
 * tussen between
 * twaalf twelve
 * twaalfde twelfth
 * twee two
 * tweede second
 * tweeëntwintig twenty-two
 * tweeëntwintigste twenty-second
 * tweeling twins
 * twintig twenty
 * twintigste twentieth
 * tyfus typhoid fever
 * tyfuslijder typhoid patient
 * tijd time
 * tijdelijk temporary
 * tijdschrift periodical

U

 * uit out of, from
 * uiterlijk outward, external, appearance, at the latest
 * uitgeven to publish
 * uittrekken extract
 * uur hour, o'clock

V

 * vaak often
 * vader father
 * vallende ziekte epilepsy
 * van from, of
 * veehoeder herdsman
 * veertien fourteen
 * veertiende fourteenth
 * veertig forty
 * veertigste fortieth
 * veld field
 * veldwachter constable, policeman, patrolman, village policeman
 * verdrinking drowning
 * vergunning permission
 * verjaardag birthday
 * verklaard declared
 * verklaren to declare
 * verklaring declaration, affidavit, sworn statement
 * verkondigen publish (as in banns), proclaim
 * verlamming paralysis, stroke
 * verlaten to leave, left
 * verleden past
 * verlof leave (soldier's), permission
 * verloofd betrothed, engaged
 * verloofde(n) engaged person(s), fiancée, fiancé
 * verloving betrothal, engagement
 * verpandings-kohieren tax ledger
 * verscheiden to pass away or die, various, different
 * verschijnt appears
 * verstopping obstruction, blockage
 * vertering consumption, tuberculosis
 * vertrokken departed, moved, gone away
 * verver dyer, house painter
 * verwantschap relationship
 * verwijderen to remove, to withdraw
 * vestigen to settle, establish
 * vesting fortress
 * vier four
 * vierde fourth
 * vierentwintig twenty-four
 * vierentwintigste twenty-fourth
 * visser fisherman
 * vleeshouwer butcher
 * vlij marsh, swamp
 * V.O.C. Dutch East Indies Company
 * voerman coachman
 * volbracht performed, completed, finished
 * volbrengen to finish, complete
 * volgend following, next
 * volgende dag (the) following day
 * volgens to, after, according to, follows
 * volkstelling census, population records
 * volmacht authorization
 * voltooien to finish, complete
 * voltrekkingen solemnization
 * vondeling foundling
 * voogd guardian
 * voor for, in front of, before
 * vooraf(gang) previous, preceding
 * voorafgaand former
 * voorafgaande dag the previous day
 * voorbij [voorbij gaan = gone by] past, beyond, over
 * voorgaand previous, preceding
 * voorheen previous, formerly, in former days
 * voorjaar spring (season)
 * voorlezing reading, reading aloud
 * voormeld before mentioned, said, stated
 * voormiddag morning, forenoon (in the morning)
 * voornaam given name
 * voornoemde above-mentioned, aforesaid
 * voorouder ancestor
 * voortekening over his signature
 * voorts furthermore, moreover, further, addition, also
 * voortgebracht produced, generated, produced in, brought forth, emitted
 * voorvader ancestor, forefather
 * vorig previous, preceding
 * vorige dag previous day
 * vormer framer, molder
 * vormsel Catholic confirmation
 * vorst monarch, sovereign, ruler
 * vorstendom principality
 * vreemd foreign, strange
 * vriend friend
 * vrijboer farmer owner
 * vrijdag Friday
 * vrijgezel bachelor
 * vroedmeester man who assists in childbirth
 * vroedvrouw midwife
 * vroeg(tijdig) early (a.m.), prematurely, untimely
 * vroeger formerly, earlier
 * vrouw woman, wife, Mrs.
 * vrouw(spersoon) wife, woman, female
 * vrouwelijk female
 * V.W.C. Dutch West Indies Company
 * vijf five
 * vijfde fifth
 * vijfentwintig twenty-five
 * vijfentwintigste twenty-fifth
 * vijftien fifteen
 * vijftiende fifteenth
 * vijftig fifty
 * vijftigste fiftieth

W

 * waar where
 * waaraan which
 * waarheen where to
 * waarom why
 * wagenmaker cartwright, wagon builder, coach builder
 * wanneer when
 * wapen heraldic crest, coat of arms
 * waren were, goods
 * was was
 * wat what, how
 * waterzucht dropsy
 * weduwe widow
 * weduwnaar widower
 * week week
 * weeskamer orphan's court
 * weeskind orphan
 * wegens because of
 * weinig little, small, few
 * welk(e) which
 * wellicht maybe, perhaps
 * werkman laborer
 * west west
 * wet law
 * wethouder alderman
 * wettelijk legal
 * wettelijk kind legitimate child
 * wettig lawful, legal
 * wever weaver
 * wie who
 * wieldraaijer wheelwright
 * wil will, desire, wish, consent
 * wilde(n) Indian(s) (in New York), savage(s)
 * willen to want to
 * winkelier(ster) shopkeeper male (female)
 * winter winter
 * wintermaand winter month,December
 * wit white
 * woensdag Wednesday
 * wonende residing
 * woonachtig resident, living at
 * woonplaats residence, domicile, dwelling place
 * woordenboek dictionary
 * worden to become, be
 * woud forest
 * wij we
 * wijk district, area, section, ward
 * wijlen late (deceased), the late, blessed
 * wijnmaand wine month, October

IJ

 * ijs ice
 * IJsland Iceland
 * ijzer iron
 * ijzer smelterij iron foundry
 * ijzersmid smith, blacksmith
 * ijzerwaren hardware
 * ijzerwerker ironworder

Z

 * zaken trade, business, case, affairs
 * zaterdag Saturday
 * ze they, she
 * zeeman sailor
 * zeepzieder soap maker
 * zelfde the same
 * zes six
 * zesde sixth
 * zesentwintig twenty-six
 * zesentwintigste twenty-sixth
 * zestien sixteen
 * zestiende sixteenth
 * zestig sixty
 * zestigste sixtieth
 * zetten to place, put, impose
 * zeven seven
 * zevende seventh
 * zevenentwintig twenty-seven
 * zevenentwintigste twenty-seventh
 * zevenstigte seventieth
 * zeventien seventeen
 * zeventiende seventeenth
 * zeventig seventy
 * zie see
 * ziekte disease, illness
 * zomer summer
 * zomermaand summer month, June
 * zondag Sunday
 * zonder without
 * zoon son
 * zoontje little son, small son
 * zou should
 * zuid south
 * zuigeling baby, suckling
 * zuivelboer dairy farmer
 * zuster sister
 * zwager brother-in-law
 * zwakheid weakness
 * zwakte weak
 * zwanger pregnant
 * zwart black
 * zwarten Negroes, blacks
 * Zweden Sweden
 * zweeds Swedish
 * zwelling swelling, tumor
 * Zwitserland Switzerland
 * zwitsers Swiss
 * zij she, they
 * zijn its, his, to be, are
 * zijrivier tributary, river, stream