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England London Boroughs  Greenwich (Royal Borough of)

Guide to London Borough of Greenwich history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
As with most of the other London Boroughs, the British Government action of 1965 destroyed all traces of the original settlements from the point of view of Family History. Researchers should instead consider researching Redbridge in its original county of Kent.

The place-name 'Greenwich' is first attested in a Saxon charter of 918, where it appears as Gronewic. It is recorded as Grenewic in 964, and as Grenawic in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1013. It is Grenviz in the Domesday Book of 1086, and Grenewych in the Taxatio Ecclesiastica of 1291. The name means 'green wic or settlement' (from the Latin 'vicus').

The settlement later became known as East Greenwich to distinguish it from West Greenwich or Deptford Strond, the part of Deptford adjacent to the Thames, but the use of East Greenwich to mean the whole of the town of Greenwich died out in the 19th century. However, Greenwich was divided into the registration subdistricts of Greenwich East and Greenwich West from the beginning of civil registration in 1837, the boundary running down what is now Greenwich Church Street and Crooms Hill, although more modern references to "East" and "West" Greenwich probably refer to the areas east and west of the Royal Naval College and National Maritime Museum corresponding with the West Greenwich council ward.

Tumuli to the south-west of Flamsteed House, in Greenwich Park, are thought to be early Bronze Age barrows re-used by the Saxons in the 6th century as burial grounds. To the east between the Vanbrugh and Maze Hill Gates is the site of a Roman villa or temple. A small area of red paving tesserae protected by railings marks the spot. It was excavated in 1902 and 300 coins were found dating from the emperors Claudius and Honorius to the 5th century. This was excavated by the Channel 4 television programme Time Team in 1999, broadcast in 2000, and further investigations were made by the same group in 2003.

The Roman road from London to Dover, Watling Street crossed the high ground to the south of Greenwich, through Blackheath. This followed the line of an earlier Celtic route from Canterbury to St Albans.[16] As late as Henry V, Greenwich was only a fishing town, with a safe anchorage in the river.

During the reign of Ethelred the Unready, the Danish fleet anchored in the River Thames off Greenwich for over three years, with the army being encamped on the hill above. From here they attacked Kent and, in the year 1012, took the city of Canterbury, making Archbishop Alphege their prisoner for seven months in their camp at Greenwich, at that time within the county of Kent. They stoned him to death for his refusal to allow his ransom (3,000 pieces of silver) to be paid; and kept his body, until the blossoming of a stick that had been immersed in his blood. For this miracle his body was released to his followers, he achieved sainthood for his martyrdom and, in the 12th century, the parish church was dedicated to him. The present church on the site west of the town centre is St Alfege's Church, designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor in 1714 and completed in 1718. Some vestiges of the Danish camps may be traced in the names of Eastcombe and Westcombe, on the borders of nearby Blackheath.

The Domesday Book records the manor of Grenviz in the hundred of Grenviz as held by Bishop Odo of Bayeux; his lands were seized by the crown in 1082. The name of the hundred was changed to Blackheath when the site of the hundred court was moved there in the 12th century. A royal palace, or hunting lodge, has existed here since before 1300, when Edward I is known to have made offerings at the chapel of the Virgin Mary.

Subsequent monarchs were regular visitors, with Henry IV making his will here, and Henry V granting the manor (for life) to Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, who died at Greenwich in 1426. The palace was created by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Henry V's half-brother and the regent to Henry VI in 1447; he enclosed the park and erected a tower on the hill now occupied by the Royal Observatory. It was renamed the Palace of Placentia or Pleasaunce by Henry VI's consort Margaret of Anjou after Humphrey's death. The palace was completed and further enlarged by Edward IV, and in 1466 it was granted to his queen, Elizabeth.

Ultimately it was because the palace and its grounds were a royal possession that it was chosen as the site for Charles II's Royal Observatory, from which stemmed Greenwich's subsequent global role as originator of the modern Prime Meridian.

The palace was the principal residence of Henry VII whose sons Henry (later Henry VIII) and Edmund Tudor were born here, and baptised in St Alphege's. Henry favoured Greenwich over nearby Eltham Palace, the former principal royal palace. He extended Greenwich Palace and it became his principal London seat until Whitehall Palace was built in the 1530s. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon and Anne of Cleves at Greenwich, and both Mary (18 February 1516) and Elizabeth (7 September 1533) were born at Greenwich. His son Edward VI also died there at age 15.

The palace of Placentia, in turn, became Elizabeth's favourite summer residence. Both she and her sister Mary I used the palace extensively, and Elizabeth's Council planned the Spanish Armada campaign there in 1588.

Subsequent monarchs visited the area regularly, and Greenwich was to come to be known as Royal Greenwich.

Queen Victoria rarely visited Greenwich but in 1845 her husband Prince Albert personally bought Nelson's Trafalgar coat for the Naval Gallery.

In 1838 the London and Greenwich Railway (L&GR) completed the very first steam railway in London. It started at London Bridge and had its terminus at London Street (now Greenwich High Road). It was also the first to be built specifically for passengers, and the first ever elevated railway, having 878 arches over its almost four mile stretch. In 1853 the local Scottish Presbyterian community built a church close by. The church was extended twice in the 1860s during the ministry of the increasingly well known Dr Adolph Saphir, eventually accommodating a thousand worshippers.

In 1864 opposite the railway terminus, theatrical entrepreneur Sefton Parry built the thousand seater New Greenwich Theatre.[21] William Morton was one of its more successful managers. The theatre was demolished in 1937 to make way for a new Town Hall, now a listed building under new ownership and renamed Meridian House.

George V and Queen Mary both supported the creation of the National Maritime Museum in Greewnwich, and Mary presented the museum with many items.

The Prince Albert, Duke of York (later George VI), laid the foundation stone of the new Royal Hospital School when it moved out to Holbrook, Suffolk. In 1937 his first public act as king (three weeks before coronation) was to open the National Maritime Museum in the buildings vacated by the school. The king was accompanied by his mother Queen Mary, his wife Queen Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) and the Princess Elizabeth (now Elizabeth II.)

Princess Elizabeth and her consort Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (who was ennobled Baron Greenwich on marriage in 1947) made their first public and official visit to Greenwich in 1948 to receive the Freedom of the Borough for Philip. In the same year, he became a trustee of the National Maritime Museum. Philip, now the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was a trustee for 52 years until 2000, when he became its first patron. The Duke of Edinburgh has also been a patron of the Cutty Sark (which was opened by the Queen in 1957) since 1952.

During the Silver Jubilee of 1977, the Queen embarked at Greenwich for the Jubilee River Pageant. In 1987, Her Majesty was aboard the P&O ship Pacific Princess when it moored alongside the Old Royal Naval College for the company's 150th anniversary celebrations.

To mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, it was announced on 5 January 2010 that on 3 February 2012 the London Borough of Greenwich would become the fourth to have Royal Borough status, the others being the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. The status was granted in recognition of the borough's historic links with the Royal Family, the location of the Prime Meridian and its being a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Charlton Cemetery


 * Cemetery Lane
 * Charlton, SE7 8DZ
 * Phone: 020 8856 0100

Plumstead Cemetery


 * Cemetery Road, (off Wickham Lane)
 * Abbey Wood, SE2 0NS
 * Phone: 020 8856 0100

Eltham Cemetery and Crematorium


 * Crown Woods Way
 * Eltham, SE9 2RF
 * Phone: 020 8856 0100

Woolwich Cemetery


 * Kings Highway
 * Plumstead SE18 2DS
 * Phone: 020 8856 0100

Greenwich Cemetery

Phone: 020 8856 0100
 * (Shooters Hill) Well Hall Road
 * Eltham, SE9 6UA

Parishes
St Alphege'


 * Greenwich Church St
 * London SE10 9BJ
 * Phone: +44 20 8853 0687

Christ Church, East Greenwich


 * 179 Trafalgar Rd
 * London SE10 9EQ
 * Phone: +44 20 8853 3235

St John's Blackheath


 * Stratheden Rd
 * Blackheath, London SE3 7TH
 * Phone: +44 20 8305 0520

St Nicholas'


 * Deptford Green L
 * London SE8 3DQ
 * Phone: +44 20 8692 2749

Grace Church


 * King William Court
 * Old Royal Naval College
 * London SE10 9NN
 * Phone: +44 20 8692 5763

Non Conformists
Other Christian and non-christian groups follow:


 * Baptist
 * Christ Church
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Emmanuel Church
 * First Church of Christ Scientist
 * Ichthus Christian Fellowship
 * Jehovah's Witness
 * Methodist
 * Presbyterian
 * Roman Catholic
 * Seventh Day Adventist
 * Unitarian

Non Christian groups that meet regularly in Bournemouth include:


 * Buddhist
 * Hindu
 * Jewish
 * Muslim
 * Sikh

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the UK government, from July 1837 to the present day.

Newham does have a dedicated Records office as listed below:


 * Newham Town Hall
 * Barking Road
 * East Ham, E6 2RP

Other sources for BMD information follow:


 * Newham Council historical BMD searches


 * bmd certificates.co: Newham


 * Essex County FHS research page

Local Histories

 * Newham Council: local history


 * British History on line: West Ham


 * British History on line: East Ham


 * Ham and Petersham through time by Paul Howard Lang


 * History of the parishes of East and West Ham by Katharine Fry and G Pagenstecher

Maps and Gazetteers

 * oldmapsonline of Newham


 * google maps: Newham


 * Newham Borough street maps


 * visionofbritain: Newham gazetteer


 * Gazetteer for the UK

Newspapers

 * The Newham Recorder


 * The Independent, Newham Edition


 * The London Evening Standard, Newham Edition

Occupations
Newham has the second-least vibrant economy in the country, a new report by an international accountancy firm has claimed. Grant Thornton UK LLP released its Vibrant Economy Index today – which measures prosperity, health, wellbeing, house prices, happiness and equality alongside more traditional indicators – and put Newham next to last.

Compared to the rest of London, and the UK as a whole, Newham has a high level of unemployment. The total number of residents unemployed is 10,300 This is 5.7% of the population, as compared with the rest of London at 5.3% and the rest of Britain at 4.4%.

Newham does not have any of the major UK or European companies either headquartered there, or indeed, with a local area HQ. Instead employment that is available is either in the retail field, or is in other areas of the Capital City. Consequently there is little or no potential sites for occupational growth within the Council.

According to the research group, Research in Action, there are 10 major reasons for Newham's malaise. These follow:

1) Poor housing and low pay are the key issues in Newham.

2) The London borough of Newham is not a living wage employer.

3) Un-affordable housing is not just about cuts or market failure: It was Mayoral policy.

4) Spending on social housing in Newham has declined by approximately 50% since 2010.

5) One in every 25 People in Newham is homeless.

6) Newham has highest debt per person of any London borough & pays the highest interest rates in the UK.

7) More than 1,500 Newham residents received a visit from bailiffs in 2016 over unpaid Council Tax debt.

8) Newham Council reserves have increased 560% since 2010 – while the Council has been making cuts.

9) Newham is a gambling Mecca – and the Council is financially reliant upon the industry.

10) Newham’s pension fund invests In Cayman Island hedge funds.

Societies

 * East of London Family History Society


 * Essex Society for Family History


 * Essex Family History

Archives

 * Newham Council Archives


 * National Archives: Newham


 * Community Archives: Newham


 * Essex County Archives


 * London Metropolitan Archives

Web Sites

 * London Borough of Newham


 * Newham UK Council


 * Essex County Council


 * Greater London Council


 * wikipedia County Borough of West Ham


 * County Borough of East Ham