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Wales Cardiff

Guide to Cardiff history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.

Cardiff (Welsh: Caerdydd) is the capital city of Wales.



History
Archaeological evidence from sites in and around Cardiff: the St Lythans burial chamber, near Wenvoe (about four miles (6.4 km) west, south west of Cardiff city center); the Tinkinswood burial chamber, near St Nicholas (about six miles (10 km) west of Cardiff city center, the Cae'rarfau Chambered Tomb, Creigiau (about six miles (10 km) north west of Cardiff city center, and the Gwern y Cleppa Long Barrow, near Coedkernew, Newport (about eight and a quarter miles (13.5 km) north east of Cardiff city center, demonstrates that people had settled in the area by at least around 6,000 years ago.

Until the Roman conquest of Britain, Cardiff was part of the territory of the Silures – a Celtic British tribe that flourished in the Iron Age – whose territory included the areas that would become known as Breconshire, Monmouthshire and Glamorgan.

Little is known about the fort and civilian settlement in the period between the Roman departure from Britain and the Norman Conquest. The settlement probably shrank in size and may even have been abandoned.

In 1081 William I, King of England, began work on the castle keep within the walls of the old Roman fort. Cardiff Castle has been at the heart of the city ever since.



In 1536, the Act of Union between England and Wales led to the creation of the shire of Glamorgan, and Cardiff was made the county town. It also became part of Kibbor hundred.

In 1793, John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute was born. He would spend his life building the Cardiff docks and would later be called "the creator of modern Cardiff".

King Edward VII granted Cardiff city status on 28 October 1905, and the city acquired a Roman Catholic Cathedral in 1916.

The city was proclaimed capital city of Wales on 20 December 1955, by a written reply by the Home Secretary Gwilym Lloyd George. Caernarfon had also vied for this title.

History
Lancaster is an ancient city in Northwest England, and the County Town of the county of Lancashire. It is situated on the River Lune and has a population of almost 50,000. It was a settlement and town first recorded in the Domesday Book as "Loncastre" with the word Lon relating back to the River Lune on whose bank it is located. Castre is from the old English and Roman words referring to a fort.

Roman Era
During the Roman era of British history, the Romans built a fort on the hill where Lancaster Castle now stands. The fort was rebuilt in stone around 102 AD. The fort underwent a few more extensions, and at its largest area it was 9–10 acres (4–4 ha). The evidence suggests that the fort remained active into the early 5th century, which was the end of the Roman occupation of Britain.

Little is known about Lancaster between the end of Roman rule in Britain in the early 5th century and the Norman Conquest in the late 11th century. Despite a lack of documentation from this period, it is likely that Lancaster was still inhabited. Lancaster was on the fringes of the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria, and over time control may have changed from one to the other. Archaeological evidence suggests that there was a monastery on or near the site of today's Lancaster Priory by the 700s or 800s.

Medieval Lancaster
Following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, Lancaster fell under the control of William I, as stated in the Domesday Book of 1086, which is the earliest known mention of Lancaster in any document. The founding charter of the Priory, dated 1094, is the first known document which is specific to Lancaster.

Lancaster became a borough in 1193 under King Richard I. Its first charter, dated 12 June 1193, was from John, Count of Mortain, who later became King of England.

Lancaster has several unique ties to the British monarchy; the House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal family, whilst the Duchy of Lancaster holds large estates on behalf of Elizabeth II, who herself is also the Duke of Lancaster in her capacity as monarch. Lancaster was granted city status in 1937 for its "long association with the crown" and because it was "the county town of the King's Duchy of Lancaster".

Modern Lancaster
Because the River Lune is not a large or deep river, Lancaster was never able to build itself up as a maritime city, similar to Liverpool, Hull, or even London. As vessels grew in size, the river just could not accommodate them and consequently trade moved to other areas.

Thus Lancaster became primarily a service-oriented city. Products of Lancaster include animal feed, textiles, chemicals, livestock, paper, synthetic fibers, farm machinery, articulated trailers and mineral fibers. In recent years, a high technology sector has emerged, as a result of Information Technology and Communications companies investing in the city.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Below is the website that contains cemetery information for non-parish churches in Lancaster.


 * Lancaster cemeteries

Parishes
The following website lists all the parishes for the Lancaster District, including contact persons, addresses, and phone numbers:


 * Lancaster parish Councils

Nonconformists
The following is a list of other churches in Lancaster:


 * Baptist
 * Buddhist
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Evangelical Christian
 * Muslim
 * Moorland Christian church
 * Trinity Church

Civil Registration
Civil registration is the recording of births, marriages and deaths in England and began in 1837. Civil registration records were recorded at the local registration office and the National registration offices. If you cannot find the civil registration in one index, search the other index as they are different indexes.


 * Lancashire County BMD records


 * UK National BMD records

Local History

 * Lancaster local histories


 * history of Lancaster from the Vision of Britain Organization

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Ordnance Survey map of Lancaster circa 1845
 * The Lancaster Gazetteer
 * Map of Lancaster – Great Britain, Atlas and Index of Parish Registers on Ancestry.com (link to Ancestry); map originally from The Phillimore Atlas and Index of Parish Registers by Cecil R. Humphery Smith.

Newspapers

 * The Lancaster Guardian
 * The Lancaster and Morecambe Citizen

Occupations
Lancaster is not known as a major source for employment. The University and local and county councils provide a modicum of employment opportunities, but the area is known mainly as an agrarian locale. BAE, the UK military and Defense Corporation, does have a large facility here.

Societies
Lancaster and District Family History Group
 * website

Lancashire Family History and Heraldry Society
 * website

Lancaster and Morecambe Branch Lothersdale Hotel 320 Marine Road Central Morecambe LA4 5AA

Archives
Lancashire Record Office PO Box 78, County Hall, Fishergate, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 8XJ website

Lancaster Central office of the National Archives Market Square Lancaster, England LA1 1HY website

Websites

 * GENUKI Lancaster, Lancashire