Sac and Fox Nation



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Ancestral Homeland: Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri

Leaders: Black Hawk, Keokuk
Members of the Sac and Fox Tribe presently reside primarliy in Iowa, Missouri, and Oklahoma. 

Tribal Headquarters

 * Official Tribal Web Site

History

 * A brief history of the Sac and Fox tribe
 * Allie B. Busby. Two Summers Among the Musquakies Relating to the Early History of the Sac and Fox Tribe FHL Film 989445 item 7

Brief Timeline

 * 1665–1712: Three relatively small tribes (including the Sauk and the Fox) failed to overcome the French and allied Indians; they then fled to central Wisconsin.
 * 1728: A series of attacks nearly destroyed the remaining Fox tribe.
 * 1734: Sac and Fox tribes,became one tribe
 * 1824-1841:Half-Breed Tract (of land) set aside for the orphans and widows of trappers. Tribes: Sac and Fox, Oto, Loway, Omaha, and Santee Sioux. This land later became Lee County, Iowa.
 * 1832: Fox survivors moved southward into Iowa and aligned with the Sauk in the Black Hawk War. The Sauk and Fox tribes merged and were forced to move into Kansas by a U.S. government proclamation. Later the Fox tribe returned to Iowa and lived on a settlement tract of 80 acres that they had purchased.
 * 1867 Sauk and Fox remove from Kansas to Indian Territory.
 * 1891 Sac and Fox-Shawnee Land in Oklahoma opened for settlement.

Additional References to the History of the Tribe
Green, Charles Ransley. Early Days in Kansas. FamilySearch digital version FHL book 970.1 G82e WorldCat

Green, Charles Ransley. Sac and Fox Indians in Kansas. FHL|1808833|disp=FHL book 970.1 G82s WorldCat

Reservation
Reservation a tract of land set aside for occupationa and use by American Indians.

From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America, the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America , and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.

Records
The following are examples of records for this tribe at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City:


 * Indian (Sac and Fox) Census of Iowa, ca. 1836–1840. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1978. item 4
 * United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Indian Census Rolls, 1885–1940. Washington, DC, 1965. These rolls include the Sauk and Fox census rolls from 1888 to 1939. includes births and deaths from 1924 to 1932.
 * Annuity Payroll of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa, Sept. 15, 1910. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1975. item 12 This record serves as a partial census for this tribe.

Annuity Pay Roll 1910 of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa item 12

Treaties


 * 1789 January 9, at Fort Harmer
 * 1804 November 3, at St. Louis
 * 1815 September 14, at Portage des Sioux
 * 1815 September 13,
 * 1816 May 13, at St. Louis
 * 1822 September 3, at Fort Armstrong
 * 1825 August 19, at Prairie des Chiens
 * 1830 July 15, at Prairie des Chiens
 * 1832 September 12, at Fort Armstrong
 * 1836 September 17, at Fort Leavenworth
 * 1836 September 27,
 * 1836 September 28, on right bank of Mississippi River, county of Debuque, Territory of Wisconsin
 * 1836 September 28,
 * 1837 October 21, at Washington
 * 1837 October 21, at Washington
 * 1842 October 11, Territory of Iowa
 * 1854 May 18, at Washington
 * 1859 October 1, at Sax and Fox Agency,Territory of Kansas
 * 1861 March 6, at Great Nemaba Agency, Nebraska Territory
 * 1867 February 18,

Important Web Sites

 * Official Tribal Web Site
 * Constitution and By-Laws of the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississipi in Iowa 1938
 * Constitution and By-Laws of the Sac and Fox Reservation in Kansas and Nebraska 1937
 * Constitution of the Sac and Fox Nation
 * Sac and Fox Nation article from Wikipedia
 * A brief history of the Sac and Fox tribe