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England London Boroughs  Lambeth

Guide to City of London ancestry, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, transcripts, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
Until 1889, the county of Surrey included the present-day London borough of Lambeth. When it drew the boundaries for the London boroughs, the government initially suggested that the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth and the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark be merged into a new borough. Finally, in addition to the historic riverside area of Lambeth, Kennington, Vauxhall, Stockwell, Brixton, the western part of Herne Hill, Tulse Hill and West Norwood as well as Streatham and Clapham and parts of the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth became part of the new Borough.

The origins of the name of Lambeth come from its first record in 1062 as Lambehitha, meaning 'landing place for lambs', and in 1255 as Lambeth. In the Domesday Book, Lambeth is called "Lanchei", likely in error. The name refers to a harbor where lambs were either shipped from or to. It is formed from the Old English 'lamb' and 'hythe'. South Lambeth is recorded as Sutlamehethe in 1241 and North Lambeth is recorded in 1319 as North Lamhuth.

The manor of Lambeth is recorded as being under ownership of the Archbishop of Canterbury from at least 1190. The Archbishops led the development of much of the manor, with Archbishop Hubert Walter creating the residence of Lambeth Palace in 1197 (See main picture above). Lambeth and the palace were the site of two important 13th century international treaties; the Treaty of Lambeth 1217 and the Treaty of Lambeth 1212. Edward, the Black Prince lived in Lambeth in the 14th century in an estate that incorporated the land not belonging to the Archbishops, which also included Kennington (the Black Prince road in Lambeth is named after him). As such, much of the freehold land of Lambeth to this day remains under Royal ownership as part of the estate of the Duchy of Cornwall. Lambeth was also the site of the principal medieval London residence of the Dukes of Norfolk, but by 1680 the large house had been sold and ended up as a pottery manufacturer, creating some of the first examples of English delftware in the country. The road names, Norfolk Place and Norfolk Row reflect the history and legacy of the house today.

Lambeth Palace lies opposite the southern section of the Palace of Westminster on the Thames. The two were historically linked by a horse ferry across the river. Until the mid-18th century the north of Lambeth was marshland, crossed by a number of roads raised against floods. The marshland in the area, known as Lambeth Marshe, was drained in the 18th century but is remembered in the Lower Marsh street name. With the opening of Westminster Bridge in 1750, followed by the Blackfriars Bridge, Vauxhall Bridge and Lambeth Bridge itself, a number of major thoroughfares were developed through Lambeth, such as Westminster Bridge Road, Kennington Road and Camberwell New Road. Until the 18th century Lambeth was still partly rural in nature, being outside the boundaries of central London, although it had experienced growth in the form of taverns and entertainment venues, such as theaters and Bear pits (being outside inner city regulations). The subsequent growth in road and marine transport, along with the development of industry in the wake of the industrial revolution brought great change to the area.

The area grew with an ever-increasing population at this time, many of whom were considerably poor. As a result, Lambeth opened a parish workhouse in 1726. In 1777 a parliamentary report recorded a parish workhouse in operation accommodating up to 270 inmates. On 18 December 1835 the Lambeth Poor Law Parish was formed, comprising the parish of St Mary, Lambeth, "including the district attached to the new churches of St John, Waterloo, Kennington, Brixton, Norwood". Its operation was overseen by an elected Board of twenty Guardians. Following in the tradition of earlier delftware manufacturers, the Royal Doulton Pottery company had their principle manufacturing site in Lambeth for several centuries. The Lambeth factory closed in 1956 and production was transferred to Staffordshire. However the Doulton offices, located on Black Prince Road still remain as they are a listed building, which includes the original decorative tiling.

Between 1801 and 1831 the population of Lambeth trebled and in ten years alone between 1831 and 1841 it increased from 87,856 in to 105,883. The railway first came to Lambeth in the 1840s, as construction began which extended the London and South Western Railway from its original station at Nine Elms to the new terminus at Waterloo via the newly constructed Nine Elms to Waterloo Viaduct. With the massive urban development of London in the 19th century and with the opening of the large Waterloo railway station in 1848 the locality around the station and Lower Marsh became known as Waterloo, becoming an area distinct from Lambeth itself.

The Lambeth Ragged school was built in 1851 to help educate the children of destitute facilities, although the widening of the London and South Western Railway in 1904 saw the building reduced in size. Part of the school building still exists today and is occupied by the Beaconsfield Gallery.[9] The Beaufoy Institute was also built in 1907 to provide technical education for the poor of the area, although this stopped being an educational institution at the end of the 20th century.[9]

Lambeth Walk and Lambeth High Street were the two principle commercial streets of Lambeth, but today are predominantly residential in nature. Lambeth Walk was site of a market for many years, which by 1938 had 159 shops, including 11 butchers. The street and surrounding roads, like most of Lambeth were extensively damaged in the Second World War. This included the complete destruction of the Victorian Swimming Baths (themselves built in 1897) in 1945, when a V2 Rocket hit the street resulting in the deaths of 37 people.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Lambeth Cemetery, Tooting


 * Blackshaw Rd
 * Tooting, London SW17 0BY
 * Phone: +44 20 7926 4221

West Norwood Cemetery


 * Norwood Rd
 * West Norwood SE27 9JU
 * Phone: +44 20 7926 7999

Streatham Cemetery


 * Garratt Ln
 * London SW17 0LT
 * Phone: +44 20 7926 4221

Parishes
St John the Evangelist


 * Wiltshire Road
 * Brixton,London SW9 7NE

St Paul


 * 184 Ferndale Road
 * Brixton, London SW9 8AH

Christ Church


 * 90 Brixton Road
 * London, SW9 6BE
 * Tel: 020 7587 0375

Christ Church and St John


 * 39 Union Grove
 * London SW8 2QJ
 * Tel: 020-7622 3552

St John the Evangelist


 * Clapham Road
 * London SW9 9AR
 * Tel: 020-7498 4625

The Holy Spirit


 * Narbonne Avenue
 * Clapham, London, SW4 9JS
 * Tel 020 8675 8094

Holy Trinity and St Peter


 * 25 The Chase
 * London SW4 0NP
 * Tel: 020-7498 6879

St Paul


 * Rectory Grove
 * Clapham SW4 0DX
 * Tel: 020 7622 2128

St John the Divine with St James the Apostle


 * 92 Vassall Road
 * London SW9 6JA
 * Tel: 020 7735 9340

St Mark


 * 337 Kennington Park Rd
 * London SE11 4PW
 * Tel: 020 7582 7029

St Anne and All Saints


 * Miles Street
 * South Lambeth Road
 * London SW8 1SA
 * Tel: 020 7735 3191

St Stephen


 * St Stephen's Terrace
 * London SW8 1DH
 * Tel: 020-7564 1930

St Andrew


 * Landor Road
 * London SW9 9JE

St Michael


 * Stockwell Park Road
 * London SW9 0DA

Non Conformists
Central London has numerous churches. Some of the major denominations follow:


 * Baptist
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Church of Christ Scientist
 * Church of Scotland
 * Chinese Church in London
 * Evangelical
 * International Christian Church
 * Jehovah's Witnesses
 * Lutheran
 * Methodist
 * Plymouth Brethren
 * Roman Catholic (including Cathedral)
 * Salvation Army
 * Seventh Day Adventist

There are a number of communities of non Christian religions including the following:


 * Baha'i
 * Buddhist
 * Scientology
 * Confucian
 * Jews
 * Muslim
 * Sikh

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the UK government from July 1837 to the present day. Prior to that, the only available records were those kept by the ecclesiastical bodies.


 * General Records Office, BMD records


 * The National Archives: BMD records


 * ukbmd.org: London


 * City of London BMD records

Local Histories

 * Britannica.com: London History


 * thehistoryoflondon.co.uk: London History


 * A History of London by Stephen Inwood


 * London by Professor Jeremy Black


 * London the Illustrated History by Cathy Ross

Maps and Gazetteers

 * google maps: London


 * visitlondon: maps


 * oldmapsonline: London


 * hiddenlondon: gazetteer


 * britishhistoryonline: London Gazetteer

Newspapers
Most UK National Newspapers are headquartered in London, and primarily on Fleet Street. A few are listed below:


 * London Evening Standard


 * The Guardian


 * The Express


 * The Telegraph

Occupations
The City vies with New York City as the financial capital of the world; many banking and insurance institutions have their headquarters there. The London Stock Exchange (shares and bonds), Lloyd's of London (insurance) and the Bank of England are all based in the City. Over 500 banks have offices in the City, and the City is an established leader in trading in Eurobonds, foreign exchange, energy futures and global insurance. The Alternative Investment Market, a market for trades in equities of smaller firms, is a recent development. In 2009, the City of London accounted for 2.4% of UK GDP.

London is the world's greatest foreign exchange market, with much of the trade conducted in the City of London. Of the $3.98 trillion daily global turnover, as measured in 2009, trading in London accounted for around $1.85 trillion, or 46.7% of the total. The pound sterling, the currency of the United Kingdom, is globally the fourth most traded currency and the third most held reserve currency.

If the major financial sites were not sufficient to provide occupational choices for the capital, the City is also the seat of Government. The Houses of Parliament are there, as are all the major offices of Government, requiring a multitude of employees, from Cabinet Ministers down to office staff. As the center of the British Commonwealth there are also Embassies and Commonwealth offices requiring both professional and office staff.

Then there are the major newspaper offices found in Fleet street with their requirement for reporters, office staff, writers and publishers.

In the Medical Field, Harley Street is the central hub of British Medical System. There are also a number of large central hospitals providing employment for all levels of medical staff from doctors, to nurses, to orderlies, and ambulance staff.

In short, the City is the core magnet for occupations for the whole of the British Isles. With the Brexit decision, more bureaucrats and lesser minions will be required to keep the offices of Government functioning. London has the lowest ;level of unemployment in the whole of the British Isles.

Societies

 * East of London FHS


 * London, Westminster and Middlesex FHS


 * West Middlesex FHS


 * local history.co.uk London History Society


 * London Historians.org

Archives

 * The National Archives


 * Museum of London Archaeological Archives


 * City of London Metropolitan Archives


 * University of London Archives

Web Sites

 * City of London


 * London City Council


 * Middlesex County Council


 * Surrey County Council