Dunmow, Essex Poor Law Union

History
Dunmow Poor Law Union was formed on 26th March 1835. Dunmow Union workhouse was erected in 1838-40 at Great Dunmow. It was designed by George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt where were the architects of many other workhouses during this period including ones for the Witham Poor Law Union, Essex, Billericay Poor Law Union, Essex and Tendring Poor Law Union, Essex Unions. The Dunmow workhouse was erected on a site to the east of the town on the north side of the road to Chelmsford. It cost about £8,000 to build and could accommodate 350.

Constituent Parishes
Aythorpe Roding, Essex Barnston, Essex Broxted, Essex Chickney, Essex Felsted, Essex Great Bardfield, Essex Great Canfield, Essex Great Dunmow, Essex Great Easton, Essex Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex High Easter, Essex High Roding, Essex Leaden Roding, Essex Lindsell, Essex Little Bardfield, Essex Little Canfield, Essex Little Dunmow, Essex Little Easton, Essex Little Saling, Essex Margaret Roding, Essex Stebbing, Essex Takeley, Essex Thaxted, Essex Tilty, Essex White Roding, Essex

Records
Essex Record Office reference G/D Title [Dunmow Union] The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 removed responsibility for the poor from parishes (see D/P.../11-18) and transferred administration to Boards of Guardians of the Poor. The Guardians administered groups of parishes or Poor Law Unions. Each Union had its own workhouse. In 1872 the Public Health Act created urban and rural sanitary authorities, with the Guardians constituted as the rural sanitary authority for those parts of each UNION not in an urban sanitary authority. These records are catalogued here as G/...S. The Local Government Act of 1894 replaced rural sanitary authorities with rural district councils (see D/R). The Local Government Act of 1929 abolished the Boards of Guardians and transferred their powers to the Public Assistance Committees of County Councils (for minutes of Essex County Council Public Assistance Committee 1929-1948 see C/MPa 1-22). Many of the workhouse infirmaries contiuned as hospitals after 1930, continuing after the introduction of the National Health Service in 1948. For other records illustrating the work of the Guardians see D/P.../19. For orders, directions and declarations of Poor Law Commissioners responsible for grouping parishes into UNIONs, 1835-1837, see Q/RSw 2-5. For catalogue of correspondence between Poor Law UNIONs and Poor Law Commission (later Poor Law Board and Local Government Board) 1834-1900 see List and Index Society vol. 56. G. Cuttle The Legacy of the Rural Guardians (Heffer, 1934 E.R.O. Library 362.50942) provides a good account of the work of the Guardians in six mid-Essex UNIONs, together with the newscuttings he collected and used in writing the book (T/P 181). For analysis of ledgers see Journal of the Society of Archivists II, pp. 367-369. DUNMOW UNION consisted of the parishes of Barnston, Broxted, Great Bardfield, Little Bardfield, Great Canfield, Little Canfield, Chickney, Great DUNMOW, Little DUNMOW, High Easter, Great Easton, Little Easton, Felsted, Hatfield Broad Oak, Lindsell, Aythorpe Roding, High Roding, Leaden Roding, Margaret Roding, White Roding, Bardfield Saling, Stebbing, Takeley, Thaxted, Tilty.

Websites
http://www.workhouses.org.uk/index.html?Dunmow/Dunmow.shtml