Comoros Languages

Description
The official languages of the Comoros are Comorian, French and Arabic, as recognized under its 2001 constitution. Although each language holds equal recognition under the constitution, language use varies across Comorian society. Unofficial minority languages such as Malagasy and Swahili are also present on the island with limited usage. Comorian
 * Comorian, or Shikomoro is the most widely spoken language in the country, spoken by 96.9% of the population
 * Comorian is related to Swahili as a Bantu Language and written in Arabic script
 * Each island has its own dialect of Comorian with the Shingazija dialect as the most widely used variant spoken on Grande Comore (Ngazija) by about 312,000 people
 * Shimwali dialect is spoken by 29,000 people on Moheli (Mwali)
 * Shinzwani dialect is spoken by about 275,000 people on Anjouan (Nzwani)
 * There has been significant debate over which variant of the Comorian language is considered as the national language

French
 * French is the second most spoken language in the Comoros with 25.97% of the population speaking French in 2018
 * It is considered the language of government and commerce and is acquired through formal, non-religious education
 * Similar to Arabic, higher education is also dependent on French language ability with many Comorian students attending universities in France

Arabic
 * Although an official language, Arabic is a minority language in the Comoros Islands and it is not reported as a first language amongst the population
 * Arabic functions as a language for the country’s dominant religion, Islam, with 95% of the population adhering to the Sunni Muslim faith
 * Arabic was a language of commerce, used for trade in the Comoros for over fifteen hundred years
 * From the 1970's, the Comorian society began to separate Arabic from religious purposes and teach it as a privileged secular subject
 * Higher education in the Comoros is tied to Arabic language usage, with many Comorian students receiving tertiary education in Arabic-speaking countries

Malagasy
 * A dialect of Malagasy called Shibushi is spoken by an estimated 39,000 people in the Comoros Islands
 * Traces of Malagasy speakers predominantly reside in the islands of Mayotte and Moheli

Swahili
 * Historically, Swahili served as the common language of the Comoros, used for trade with the Arabic Peninsula, the East African Coast
 * Swahili shares similarities with the Comorian language and is estimated to be spoken by 1% of the population
 * Much of the early history of the Comoros is written in Swahili, using the Arabic script
 * Many ancient Comorian poems and songs written in Swahili detail key historical events such as the slave trade, and the various battles between the Sultans who once ruled the Comoros
 * Kiunguja, a dialect of Swahili, is also spoken in the Comoros, particularly on Grande Comore Islands

Word List(s)
Comorian or Shikomori
 * Shikomori - Formal Greetings at Quizlet

French
 * French Genealogical Word List
 * Most Common French Words at 1000MostCommonWords

Arabic
 * Arabic Genealogical Word List
 * Arabic Vocabulary at ModernStandardArabic

Alphabet and Pronunciation
Comorian
 * Comorian or Shikomori at Omniglot

French
 * French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia
 * French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot

Arabic
 * Arabic Phonology at Wikipedia
 * Modern Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot
 * Arabic Alphabet at TheArabicLearner
 * The Arabic Alphabet at Optilingo

Language Aids and Dictionaries
Comorian
 * Comoros Genealogy
 * Dictionary English - Maore Comorian at Glosbe

French
 * French Handwriting
 * French Letter Writing Guide
 * France Languages
 * French to English Dictionary at Cambridge
 * French Dictionary at Lexilogos

Arabic
 * Arabic Modern Standard at MustGo
 * Dictionary English - Arabic at Glosbe

Additional Resources

 * Simon & Schuster Audio (Firm), and Pimsleur (Firm). Conversational modern standard Arabic. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. Available at: WorldCat.
 * Abboud, Peter F, and Ernest N McCarus. Elementary modern standard Arabic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Available at: WorldCat.