Beginning United States Civil War Research

Many records are available to help you find information about your Civil War ancestor. The following are good ways to start:

Step 1. Identify an ancestor who may have served in the Civil War
Look at your ancestors' information to determine which match the following criteria:


 * - Ages: Most soldiers and sailors were men between the ages of 18 and 30, so they would have been born between 1831 and 1846. Some were as young as 10 or as old as 70, which widens the birth years to between 1791 and 1854.


 * - Death: Did your ancestor die between April 1861 and June 1865? Did he die in a Southern state or a different state than where his family was living? These might indicate that he died as a soldier in the Civil War. For example, Samuel Potter and his family were listed in Michigan in the 1860 census. Family records showed that he died in April 1862 in Tennessee. Research discovered that Samuel was in Company C, 12th Regiment, Michigan Infantry and died in the Battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862.

Step 2. Identify the county and state where your ancestor lived around 1861
If you do not know the county and state where your ancestor lived at the start of the war, check the following:


 * The 1860 federal census for the soldier or his family. The following have digital versions of the 1860 census:


 * - FamilySearch
 * - Ancestry($)
 * - Fold3 ($)
 * - Heritage Quest ($)


 * The 1870 federal census for the soldier or his family. If you have trouble finding your ancestor in the 1860 census, try the 1870. Many people were in the same county both before and after the war. The 1870 census is also online at the sites above.


 * Several states took censuses, usually in the years between the federal censuses. A list of links to articles about the censuses in each state is on the United States Census page.

Step 3. Decide whether your soldier fought for the Union or the Confederacy
Civil War soldiers came from all over the continental United States. Note: Every state had some men who fought for the Union, and some men who fought for the Confederacy.




 * Union States  24 states and 7 territories
 * States= California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin
 * Border states (4 states were for the Union but had slaves. Many men served in the Confederacy instead of the Union)= Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, West Virginia
 * Territories=Colorado, Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico (all of New Mexico and Arizona), Utah, Washington
 * Confederate States  11 states and 2 territories
 * States= Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia
 * Territories=Arizona (Southern half of New Mexico and Arizona), Oklahoma

More maps of the United States during the Civil War are available on the Wikipedia page Territorial Evolution of the United States.

Step 4. Find your soldier's regiment and company
Your soldier's regiment and company are often needed to find his records and to recognize him in the records. Some ways to find his regiment and company are:


 * Civil War Soldiers and Sailors database to find your soldier with his regiment and company.
 * You may find several soldiers who match your ancestor. If this happens, copy the information about all of them and continue searching to eliminate all but one.
 * - Look at each regiment Wiki page to find the county for the company or regiment. If some counties don't match what you know about your ancestor, this could eliminate some of the possible soldiers.


 * 1890 Census of Union Veterans and Widows of the Civil War
 * Information in the 1890 veterans schedules normally includes name, rank, company, name of regiment or vessel, date of enlistment, date of discharge, length of service, post office address, disability incurred, and remarks. Many Confederate veterans were mistakenly listed as well.
 * - 1890 Veterans Schedules, Ancestry.com ($), has every name indexes and images to all veterans schedules except indexes to Ohio and Pennsylvania.
 * - United States, 1890 Census of Union Veterans and Widows of the Civil War, FamilySearch.org, has a name index and images


 * Surviving schedules of the 1890 census include Washington D.C., the eastern half of Kentucky, and the rest of the U.S. States in alphabetical order Louisiana through Wyoming, Indian territories, and U.S. ships and navy yards. Unfortunately the census pages were destroyed for the states in alphabetical order from Alabama through the western half of Kentucky.


 * State censuses sometimes asked for information on military service. For instance, the Iowa 1895 State Census asked for information about the company, regiment, state, and rank of those who fought in the War of the Rebellion (Civil War).

Step 5. Check the Wiki article for your ancestor's regiment
The indexes for Civil War soldiers often list more than one soldier with the same name in the same state. By finding the counties for the companies in a regiment, you will have additional information to help determine which might be the your ancestor.

On the regiment page, the list of companies will give the county or counties where many men were recruited.

Note: The Research Wiki will eventually have information about each regiment including links to Internet sites, lists of books, pictures, etc. If the Research Wiki does not yet have information about your ancestor's regiment, please check back. If you know additionl information about the regiment or company, please add it or send the information to uswiki@familysearch.org, and we will add it.

Step 6. Search Internet Databases
The United States Military Online Genealogy Records page has numerous databases for Civil War Records. Click on the button to see these collections.

Step 7. Decide what else you want to find.
Focus your research by deciding to find just one or two things, such as age, death date and place, pension record, or service record.

The chart, US Military Record Finder, shows which type of military record has the various types of information you may want to find.

Step 8. Check sources listed on the following Wiki pages

 * - United States Civil War, 1861 to 1865, Part 2 describes records and resources on the national level.


 * - [state] in the Civil War describes state records and resources. See the list below for links to the state pages.


 * - The regiment article for the regiment of your soldier gives information about the regiment and its companies with links to the counties where the companies recruited men. For links to the regiment pages, see the table on the state page.


 * - The county page for the county where a company recruited men describes county records and resources. This is a good way to find records about an ancestor and his family.


 * - Begin a search for Union records describes major Union records.


 * - Begin a search for Confederate records describes major Confederate records.

Online Classes about the Civil War

 * Beth Foulk,, 46 min.


 * David Lambert,, 9 min.


 * Russell Lynch, U.S. Military Records: Civil War, 35 min.

States and Regiments in the Civil War

 * U.S. War Department Library. Bibliography of State Participation in the Civil War Charlottesville, Va. : Allen Pub. Co., 1961; Reprint of the 1913 ed. published by Government Printing Office, Washington.
 * C.E. Dornbusch, comp., Military Bibliography of the Civil War: Regimental publications & personal narratives of the Civil War : a checklist original published: New York : New York Public Library, 1961

State Civil War Records
Many additional records have been created either by the state or about the state. Click the state of interest below to see explanations of these records and for links to pages about the each of the state's military units.

Union Regular Troops
These troops were supported solely by the federal government rather than partly by a state. The men came from many states, but the troops were not organized by state.

Union Regular Army in the Civil War

Union Volunteers in the Civil War

Veteran Reserve Corps in the Civil War

Union Navy
Union Navy in the Civil War

Confederate Regular Troops
Confederate Regular Troops in the Civil War

Confederate Navy
Confederate Navy in the Civil War

Ethnic Groups



 * African Americans, see United States Colored Troops in the Civil War


 * American Indians in the Civil War


 * Hungarians in the Civil War


 * Norwegians in the Civil War


 * Danes in the Civil War Article about the contributions of a few Danish soldiers in the American Civil War.

 Additional Sources
 * Ella Lonn, Foreigners in the Union Army and Navy (1951) New York, New York : Greenwood Press, 1969, c1951 FS Library 973 M2Le
 * Ella Lonn, Foreigners in the Confederacy (1940) reprint. Gloucester, Massachusetts : Peter Smith, 1965, FS Library 973 M2fc]
 * William L. Burton, Melting pot soldiers : the Union's ethnic regiments Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University Press, c1988 FS Library 973 M2bw

National Archives

 * National Archives. Civil War Records: Basic Research Sources
 * Kenneth W. Munden and Henry Putney Beers.  The Union Guide to Federal Archives Relating to the Civil War. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1962, 1986. FS Library 973 A5m 1986
 * Henry Putney Beers, Guide to the archives of the government of the Confederate States of America Washington, D.C. : National Archives and Records Service, 1968 FS Library 973 A5mb

Official Records
0fficial records of the Union and Confederate Armies
 * Alan C. and Barbara A. Aimone,  A user's guide to the Official Records of the American Civil War Shippensburg, Pennsylvania : White Mane Pub. Co., c1993 FS Library 973 M29ua
 * Fred C. Ainsworth and Joseph W. Kirkley ; John S. Moodey, indexer, The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate Armies : general index and additions and corrections Washington, D.C. : United States. Government Printing Office, 1901 FS Library 973 M2usw


 * Dallas Irvine, comp. Military operations of the Civil War : a guide index to the official records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 1861-1865 5 volumes Washington, D.C. : National Archives & Records Administration, 1968- FS Library DigitalContents: v. 1. Conspectus -- v. 2. Main eastern theater of operations -- v. 3. Lower seaboard theater of operations and Gulf approach (1861-1863) -- v. 4. Main western theater of operations except Gulf approach (1861-1863) -- v. 5. Trans-Mississippi and Pacific Coast theaters of operations.
 * Dallas Irvine, comp. Military operations of the Civil War: a guide-index to the official records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 1861-1865National Archives microfilm publications; M1036 Volume 1


 * U.S. War Department. The War of the Rebellion : a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies'' 70 volumes in 132 Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office (United States), 1880-1901 FS Library 973 M29u Digital

 Official records of the Union and Confederate navies in the War of the Rebellion 
 * U.S. Navy Department, General index to official records of the Union and Confederate navies in the War of the Rebellion Washington : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1927, reprint, New York, New York : Antiquarian Press, 1961 FS Library Digital
 * U.S. Navy Department, Official records of the Union and Confederate navies in the War of the Rebellion 30 volumes. Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office (United States), 1894-1922 FS Library Digital

For Further Reading

 * Nancy Justus Morebeck. Locating Union and Confederate Records: a guide to the most commonly used Civil War records of the National Archives and Family History Library. North Salt Lake, Utah Heritage Quest, 2001. FS Library 973 M23mL
 * Bertram Hawthorne Groene. Tracing Your Civil War Ancestor. Winston-Salem:North Carolina: John F. Blair, 1995. FS Library 973 D27gb
 * Stephen McManus; Daniel Thompson; Thomas Churchill. Civil War Research Guide: a guide for researching your Civil War. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2003. FS Library 973 D27mcw
 * Richard A. Sauers.  How to Do Civil War Research. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Pub., 2000. FS Library 973 M27sc
 * J.H. Segars. In Search of Confederate Ancestors: the guide. Madison, Georgia: Southern Lion Books, 2005. FS Library 973 D27seg 2005
 * Bell I Wiley, The life of Billy Yank : the common soldier of the Union Baton Rouge, Louisiana : Louisiana State University Press, 1983, c1980 FS Library 973 M2wb
 * Bell I. Wiley, The life of Johnny Reb : the common soldier of the Confederacy Baton Rouge, Louisiana : Louisiana State University Press, 1984, c1970. FS Library 973 M2wL