Venezuela Languages

Description
Spanish - only spoken by most in the country. Also known as Castilian.

The Spanish Constitution recognizes other languages as official for indigenous peoples.
 * Wayuu - also known as Guajiro. The most spoken indigenous language.
 * Warao - also known as Guarauno, Guarao, Warrau.
 * Pemon - also known as Pemón.
 * All languages spoken by the indigenous people of Venezuela

Languages spoken by immigrants include
 * English - most widely spoken foreign language. Spoken by professionals, academics, upper and middle class
 * Chinese
 * Portuguese - spoken by the population living close to the Brazil border.
 * Italian
 * Arabic
 * German
 * Languages spoken by immigrants in Venezuela

Word List(s)
Chinese Genealogical Word List Portuguese Genealogical Word List Italian Genealogical Word List Arabic Genealogical Word List German Genealogical Word List
 * Useful Spanish phrases - Omniglot
 * Wayuu Vocabulary - Polyglot
 * Common Phrases and Words Used in Wayuunaiki - Asawaa
 * Vocabulary in Native American Languages: Warao Words - Native-Languages

Alphabet and Pronunciation
Alphabet
 * Spanish alphabet - Omniglot
 * Warao numbers - Omniglot
 * Pemon alphabet - Omniglot

Pronunciation
 * Spanish Pronunciation - Omniglot
 * Wayuu pronunciation - Omniglot
 * Pemon pronunciation - Omniglot

Language Aids and Dictionaries
Dictionaries
 * Gooch, Anthony and Angel García de Paredes. Cassell's Spanish-English, English-Spanish dictionary. Macmillan, London, New York: Cassell, 1978. Available at: WorldCat.
 * Jarman, Beatriz Galimberti, Roy Russell, Carol Styles Carvajal, and Nicholas Rollin. BOOKTITLE. Oxford University Press Inc.: The Oxford Spanish dictionary : Spanish-English, English-Spanish, 2008. Available at: WorldCat.

Online Dictionaries
 * Dictionary English - Spanish - Glosbe
 * Dictionary English - Wayuu - Glosbe
 * Dictionary Warao - English - Glosbe
 * Dictionary English - Pemon - Glosbe

Language Aids
 * García, Teresa Alvarez and Susie Beattie. Collins Spanish dictionary & grammar. Glasgow, Scotland: Collins, 2018. Available at: WorldCat.
 * Wayuu Language - Wikipedia
 * Warao language - Wikipedia

Additional Resources

 * Orozco, Sebastián de Covarrubias. Treasure of the Castilian or Spanish language. New York: New Directions Books, 2019. Available at: WorldCat.
 * Straka, Tomás, Guillermo Guzmán Mirabal, and Alejandro E. Cáceres. Historical dictionary of Venezuela. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. Available at: WorldCat.