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England Devon  [[Plymouth (city)]

Guide to Plymouth (city) history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbor of Plymouth Sound. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard.

The city is about 35 miles from Exeter, and 190 miles from London.

Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology.

To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals.

Upper Paleolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artifacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time.

An unidentified settlement named 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mouth/estuaries of the Tamar) is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia and is presumed to be located in the area of the modern city.

It is well known that tin from Cornish tin mines was being shipped from this area to the middle east at least by 800 BC, and that Phoenician sailors were regular visitors to these shores. The harbor at Plymouth is ideally suited for trade of this kind.

Plymouth castle served to protect Sutton Pool, which is where the fleet was based in Plymouth prior to the establishment of Plymouth Dockyard. In 1512 an Act of Parliament was passed for further fortifying Plymouth, and a series of fortifications were then built, including defensive walls at the entrance to Sutton Pool.

Plymouth was the home port for successful maritime traders, among them Sir John Hawkins, who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593.[16] According to legend, Drake insisted on completing his game of bowls on the Hoe before engaging the Spanish Armada in 1588. Plymouth Hoe is a prominent hill at the entrance of Plymouth harbor, one of the best natural harbors in the world. A picture of the Hoe follows:



Throughout the 17th century Plymouth had gradually lost its preeminence as a trading port. By the mid-17th century commodities manufactured elsewhere in England cost too much to transport to Plymouth and the city had no means of processing sugar or tobacco imports, although it did play a relatively small part in the Atlantic slave trade during the early 18th century.

During the First World War, Plymouth was the port of entry for many troops from around the Empire, and also from North America, and also developed as a facility for the manufacture of munitions.

As the primary HQ for the British navy, the city was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe in WWII, in a series of 59 raids known as the Plymouth Blitz. This was largely due to Plymouth's status as the major Royal Navy port for the Atlantic fleet.

Post-war, Devonport Dockyard was kept busy refitting aircraft carriers such as the Ark Royal and, later, nuclear submarines while new light industrial factories were constructed in the newly zoned industrial sector attracting rapid growth of the urban population. The army had substantially left the city by 1971, with barracks pulled down in the 1960s, however the city remains home to the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines.

Cemeteries (Civil)
There are presently four cemeteries, and several outlying cemeteries within the Plymouth city district. The following link provides details on each location:


 * Plymouth city cemeteries

Other useful sites follow:


 * Findagrave, Plymouth


 * Billion graves, Plymouth

Parishes
Plymouth has a number of active Anglican Parishes. They follow:

St Andrew's


 * Address
 * Royal Parade
 * Plymouth PL1 2AD
 * Phone: +44 1752 661414

St Budeaux's


 * Address
 * The Vicarage
 * Agaton Rd
 * Plymouth PL5 2EW
 * Phone: +44 1752 361019

St Edward's


 * Address
 * 100 Church Hill
 * Plymouth PL6 5RN
 * Phone: +44 1752 781564

Emmanuel


 * Address
 * Compton Ave
 * Plymouth, Devon, PL35 BZ
 * Phone: +44 1752 220195

St John the Evangelist


 * Address
 * Exeter St
 * Plymouth PL4 0HQ
 * Phone: +44 1752 664191

St Jude's


 * Address
 * Beaumont Rd
 * Plymouth PL4 9BJ
 * Phone: +44 1752 263163

St Mark's


 * Address:
 * 1 Sanctuary Close
 * Plymouth PL2 1EN
 * Phone: +44 1752 202401

St Mary's


 * Address:
 * Market Rd
 * Plymouth PL7 1QW
 * Phone: +44 1752 348525

St Paul's


 * Address
 * Durnford St
 * Plymouth PL1 3QR
 * Phone: +44 1752 221241

St Peter's


 * Address
 * Wyndham Square
 * Plymouth PL1 5EG, UK
 * Phone: +44 1752 222007

Stoke Damerel


 * Address
 * Paradise Rd
 * Stoke, Plymouth PL1 5QL
 * Phone: +44 1752 565798

Non Conformists
The following is a list of Christian non-conformist churches in Plymouth:


 * Baptist
 * Christ Church
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Efford Christian Fellowship
 * Living Well Church
 * Methodist
 * Plymouth Bretnren
 * Plymouth Christian Centre
 * Plymouth Vinyard church
 * Unitarian
 * Wolseley Road Gospel Church

Other groups active in Plymouth


 * Buddhist
 * Hindu
 * Muslim
 * Sikh

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths records have been kept by government since July 1837 to the present day. Prior to that, local parishes of the Church of England, and local branches of other faiths were the only repositories of this information. The following link provides access for Canterbury records:


 * Plymouth City BMD records


 * Free BMD UK


 * UK BMD


 * Devon Gov BMD records

Local Histories
Because of Plymouth's chequered naval history, it has a unique library section dedicated to naval events:

Naval History Library:


 * Address
 * Plymouth Central Library
 * Drake Circus
 * Plymouth PL4 8AL
 * Phone: +44 1752 306796


 * wikipedia history of Plymouth


 * local histories org: Plymouth


 * An Illustrated History of Plymouth by Crispen Gill


 * A History of Plymouth by Llewellynn Jewitt

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Visit Plymouth


 * google Maps: Plymouth


 * Old Maps on line: Plymouth


 * Book of Devon gazetteers including Plymouth


 * genuki Devon gazetteer

Newspapers

 * The Plymouth Herald


 * The Plymouth Daily

Occupations
Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime, in particular the defense sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces. Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector.

Other substantial employers include the university with almost 3,000 staff, as well as the Plymouth Science Park employing 500 people in 50 companies.

Finally Plymouth is the regional shopping hub for the local area, with several major shopping centers.

Societies

 * Devon Genealogy


 * Devon Family History Society


 * Roots web Devon


 * GENUKI org Devon FHS

Archives

 * The National Archives: Plymouth


 * Plymouth City Archives


 * The Southwest heritage Trust: Devon Archives

Web Sites

 * Plymouth Wikipedia


 * Plymouth City Council


 * Devon County Council