United States Census 1940

United States U.S. Census  1940 Census

Indexes and Images
The 1940 Census is scheduled for public release on April 2, 2012. For more information see the National Archives. This release will be images only. This is the first census released as digital images as well as in microfilm format. The digital images will be available on the National Archives website.

Microfilm images are available for purchase from the National Archives. The Family History Library is planning to purchase digital copies only.

Indexes will become available as they are completed. For the latest information about completed FamilySearch indexes see the 1940 U.S Census Community Project. On this site learn how you can become part of the community indexing initiative. Also find links to historical and genealogical societies who are involved in indexing the 1940 census.

Until the indexes are completed, other methods can be used to find your ancestors in the 1940 Census.

Steve Morse and Joel Weintraub have created tools to help researchers locate individuals in the unindexed 1940 census. For an overview of their site see Which One-Step Census Form Should I Use?


 * Obtaining Enumeration Districts for the 1900-1940 Censuses (Large Cities)

Content
The 1940 Census was taken 1 April 1940.

The 1940 Census gives the same basic information obtained from previous census years: name, age, place of birth, family relationships, location of residence, physical description education, and citizenship.

There were a few new questions asked which would help in genealogical research.

1. Name of informant: (Column 7): An “X” is placed by the name of the person giving the information. This would then allow knowing the credibility of the information given.

2. Individual present or absent (Column 7): Those who usually live in the home but currently not there were to be marked with “Ab” as being absent from the home.

3. Residence as of April 1 1935 (Columns 17-20). These series of questions help to establish a residence of 5 years previous.

4. Education (Columns 13-14): A broader spectrum of level of education is given.

5. Employment (Columns 23-33): Specific questions about employment, unemployment and income give greater insights into the lives of the people.

6. Census Sampling used ( 2 lines from each page, 14 &amp; 29) A few more questions were asked concerning mother tongue, parents place of birth and employment.

7. Besides the Population and Agriculture Census and new census called the “Housing Census” was taken. This separate schedule asked detailed questions about the house, utilities, and mortgage or rent.

How to Find Ancestors in the 1940 Census Using the E.D. Number
An Enumeration District (E.D.) was a geographical area that an enumerator, or census taker collected information about everyone living in that area. Without an name index, it is necessary to know the E.D. of where your ancestor lived to locate them in the 1940 Census. More details about Enumeration Districts.

Once you have the E.D. number for an ancestor, starting 2 April 2012, you can use that number to find her or him in online census images at sites like:


 * National Archives - 1940 Census
 * FamilySearch - 1940 Census
 * Ancestry - 1940 Census ($)
 * 1940census.net

The census population schedule images will be arranged in order by—


 * census year - for example, 1920, 1930, 1940
 * state - for example, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware
 * county - for example, Kent County, New Castle County, Sussex County
 * enumeration district number - for example, ED 3-23, ED 3-24, ED 3-25
 * order of household visitation by the census taker.

All of the above items are found on every page of the census. However, the Internet sites that make the 1940 census images available may not necessarily choose to list the E.D. numbers in their browsing structure. As a substitute for the E.D. number, some sites may choose to display some other non-useful number.

Sites that Show E.D. Numbers
If the Internet site you use shows the E.D. number when you browse, it should be fairly easy to open the pages for that E.D. Then move page-by-page through the E.D. looking for the ancestor's family living there in 1940.

Note that the street name will be listed on the left side of each census page. You can also use the street name to help locate an ancestor's family if you also know their address.

Usually, even without an address you will be able to browse through all the pages of the E.D. looking for an ancestor in less than an hour.

Sites without E.D. Numbers Showing
If the census site you use does not display the E.D. numbers in their browse structure, you should still be able to narrow the search to the correct E.D. within a few minutes. Open a census page about half way through the the browse and read the top of the page to determine if it is before or after the E.D. number you seek. Then open another page about half way through the remaining part of the browse, read the page top, and determine if it is before or after the right E.D. Continue on repeatedly dividing the remaining browse in half and opening pages until you narrow the pages you open to the correct E.D.

Once you find the correct pages for the E.D., begin browsing page-by-page through that E.D. looking for the ancestor's family.

Census E.D. Numbers on Microfilms
The 1940 census pages will also be available on about 4,650 microfilm rolls at the National Archives (NARA), and other repositories that purchase film copies. You will need to know the number of the microfilm roll that contains the desired E.D. to find it quickly.

Use the Viewing Census Images for the 1940 Census in One Step Internet site to find the microfilm roll number for any given corresponding E.D. number. In the '''1a. Select State and ED''' field use the pull-down windows to select the State, select the County, and select the E.D. number. After making these selections the film series NARA roll T627  and roll number will appear to the right, for example, NARA roll T627_ 548.

Get access to the appropriate microfilm roll number at the National Archives, or at another repository. A microfilm roll may include many more than one E.D. number on it. So next, find on the film the pages for the correct E.D. number. Then begin browsing page-by-page through that E.D. looking for the ancestor's family.

When You Find an Ancestor
Capture an image of each ancestor's family listing on the census. Also, on the same census look a few pages before and after each ancestor for potential neighbor/relatives living nearby. Transfer the genealogical information to the ancestors' family group records. Cite your census source with footnotes each place you add information to the family group records.

Analyze the information you find and compare it to other sources to evaluate its accuracy. Ponder the information thinking about implications and possible clues it may provide for finding further sources about the ancestor's family. For example, if you find a family in the 1940 census, would they also be found in the 1930 or earlier census years?

Background on City Directories
City directories are basically an alphabetical listing of the residents of a town or city and were designed to help businesses in working with their customer base. The geographic area covered by the publisher may be just those residents living within the boundaries of the city or it may also include a set suburban area. Residences outside the geographic boundaries would not be included. Directories before 1900 may not include the name of the wife, but would list a single adult woman if she was employed. After 1900, most directories would include the name of the wife. They also began to enter the names of adult children, if they were students in a post secondary education facility or working on their own. For further information, see: United States Directories.

Locating City Directories
City directories can usually be found in the local public library or historical society of the city of interest. They may also be found at a state university library or the state library or historical society. The Library of Congress has a large collection of city directories on microfilm in their Microform Reading Room. See their website at: http://www.loc.gov/rr/microform/uscity/.

These directories are not available via interlibrary loan. They do provide a list of free-lance researchers in the greater Washington D.C. area who perform research for a fee.

Ancestry.com, a subscription website, has several 1940 era directories for cities in California, Connecticut, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas.

City Directories of the United States of America has a clickable map of the United States showing where all known city directories are throughout the country. This is an ongoing project. Their website is: http://www.uscitydirectories.com/index.html.

Using the City Directory
City directories are alphabetical. After locating your ancestors address you will need to determine the Enumeration District that the residence was located in.

Websites

 * 1940census.net
 * Ancestry - 1940 Census
 * FamilySearch - 1940 Census
 * National Archives - 1940 Census