Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts Genealogy

United States Massachusetts  Suffolk  Boston

This is a historical and genealogical guide to the town and city of Boston. You will find help with town histories, vital records, city directories, cemetery records and cemeteries, churches, deeds (i.e. land records), town and city records, newspapers, maps, and libraries. There are general history and genealogy topics such as ward boundaries, census, street guides, and much more. There are detailed guides for the towns Boston annexed: Brighton (1807-1874); Charlestown (1630-1874); Dorchester (1630-1870); Hyde Park (1868-1912); Roxbury (1630-1868); and West Roxbury (1851-1874).

Brief History
Historical Boston, then only the land of a peninsula, was a faction of the land mass it is today after massive land-fill projects of the mid- to late-19th century (the rubble from the Great Boston Fire of 1872 help fill in the waterfront) and the annexing of six towns from two counties (as listed above). Boston was first settled by passengers of the Winthrop Fleet of 1630 who first lodged in Charlestown. These first settlers were Puritans, the religious group wanting to change the Church of England from working inside the church. Called the "City on the Hill" by Gov. John Winthrop, the "hub" as we now call it became the center of trade, education, government, wealth, and power. It was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, then the Royal colony of Massachusetts, and finally the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Shortly after its settlement, Boston had become a major settlement. It was the largest town in British North America for the first hundred years. Because of that, the town and later city became a draw for immigrants from around the world. Though the first two hundred years saw mostly English arrivals, Scots, Irish, and French were found here, too. It was after 1820 that immigrants from other European countries started arriving in large numbers. The gate was opened by the Irish fleeing the potato famine in 1847. The next wave included more Irish (their dominance starting in the early 20th century is a testament to their number), but also Germans, Italians, and Syrians. The end of the century saw French Canadians, Russian and Polish Jews, and Swedes arriving. The 21st century brought African Americans from the South, Southeast Asian immigrants (especially Chinese and Vietnamese), Muslims, and Puerto Ricans. Many other ethnicities can be found in pockets all over Boston, and walking in downtown one will likely here many languages being spoken.

Historical Data
The basic data is from the "Historical Data" publication series with additions from various sources. Associated names Boston at times was called Shawmut, Tremont, and Trimountaine.

Sections (excluding most of the named squares) in downtown Boston [see annexed towns listed above for names in those areas] include Andrew Square, Back Bay, Bay Village, Beacon Hill, Boston Common, Boston Harbor, Chinatown, City Point, Copley Square, East Boston (Eastie), Faneuil Hall, Fenway, Financial District, The Flat (i.e. of Beacon Hill), Fort Point, Government Center, Haymarket Square, Kenmore, Leather District, Logan Airport, Longwood, North End, Scollay Square, Seaport, South End, South Bay, South Boston (Southie), Washington Village, and West End.

Islands that are currently part of Boston are: Apple Island*, Belle Island (formerly Hog's Island)*, Bird Island*, Breed's Island*, Calf Island (formerly Apthrop Island), Castle Island*, Deer Island*, Gallop's Island, George's Island, Governor's Island, Great Brewster Island, Green Island (or North Brewster Island), Little Brewster Island, Little Calf Island, Long Island, Lovell's Island, Middle Brewster Island, Nixes mate, Noddle Island*, Outer Brewster Island, Rainsford Island, Shag Rocks, Spectacle Island, The Graves, Thompson's Island, and Wood Island*.

[* denotes land-fill has made it part of the mainland now and the others are part of the Boston Harbor Island National Recreation Area] Border changes Top of Page

Town Histories
Works written on the town include: Boston - General Top of Page Bay Back Beacon Hill East Boston Harbor Island North End Top of Page South Boston South End [No general history of this area of the city found.] Clubs and Social Registers Guidebooks Top of Page Immigration - Ethnicity [For Italian, also see the North End section]
 * List of Persons, Copartnerships, and Corporations who were taxed on ten thousand dollars and upwards, in the city of Boston in the year (1847-18??). Digital version at Internet Archive (1861) and Hathi Trust (1847-1854 issues). WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * New Division of Wards in 1805 (Boston, 1805), broadside, and published in The Bostonian Society Publications, 2nd ser., 3 [1919]: 131-135. Digital version at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries) (broadside); Not at FHL.
 * Other Merchants and Sea Captains of Old Boston: Being More Information About the Merchants and Sea Captains of Old Boston Who Played Such an Important Part in Building up the Commerce of New England Together with Some Quaint and Curious Stories of the Sea (Boston, 1919), 70 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Some Events of Boston and Its Neighbors (Boston, 1917), v, 62 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Some Interesting Boston Events (Boston, 1916), 78 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Some Merchants and Sea Captains of Old Boston: Being a Collection of Sketches of Notable Men and Mercantile Houses Prominent During the Early Half of the Nineteenth Century in the Commerce and Shipping of Boston (Boston, 1918), vii, 53 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Some Ships of the Clipper Ship Era: Their Builders, Owners, and Captains (Boston, 1913), 45 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Jacqueline Barbara Carr, After the Siege, A Social History of Boston 1775-1800 (Boston, 2005), xv, 317 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Samuel Gardner Drake, The History and Antiquities of Boston ... from its Settlement in 1630, to the Year 1770 (Boston, 1856), x, 840 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); with digital link.
 * Ralph M. Eastman, Pilots and Pilot Boats of Boston Harbor (Boston, 1956), 91 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Ronald P. Formisano and Constance K. Burns, Boston 1700-1980, The Evolution of Urban Politics (Westport, Conn., 1980), vii, 296 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Jay Mack Holbrook, Boston Beginnings 1630-1699 (Oxford, Mass., 1980), xxi, 295 pp. Compiled from a variety of sources (church, tax lists, etc.), this is an alphabetical list of people in Boston before 1700. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Harold Kirker, Bulfinch's Boston, 1787-1817 (New York, 1964), ix, 305 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Peter R. Knights, The Plain People of Boston, 1830-1860: A Study in City Growth (New York, 1971), xx, 204 pp. This was the first in a planned series of three books [it ended up being two books], and thus was a prologue that is more statistical in nature. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Peter R. Knights, Yankee Destines, The Lives of Ordinary Nineteenth-Century Bostonians (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1991), xxv, 281 pp. The final book that sampled Boston families from four censuses and the research to discover everything about their lives. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Roger Lane, Policing the City Boston 1822-1885 (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), x, 299 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Douglas Philip, Who Fought? Boston Soldiers in the Revolutionary War (Medford, Mass., Honors Thesis, 1981), 273 pp. Not on WorldCat or at FHL; New England Historic Genealogical Society Library.
 * Darrett B. Rutman, Winthrop's Boston, Portrait of a Puritan Town, 1630-1649 (Williamsburg, Va., 1965; rep. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1975), x, 324 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Robert Francis Seybolt, The Public Schools of Colonial Boston 1635-1775 (Cambridge, Mass., 1935), ix, 101 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Caleb H. Snow, A History of Boston, the Metropolis of Massachusetts, from its origin to the present period with some account of the environs (Boston, 1825; Boston, 2nd ed., 1828), iv, 398 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive (1825), Google Books, and on Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Jack Tager, Boston Riots, Three Centuries of Social Violence (Boston, 2000), xi, 289 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Jim Vrabel, When in Boston, A Time Line &amp; Almanac (Boston, 2004), xx, 415 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Boston Wikipedia page.
 * also see Beacon Hill
 * William A. Newman and Wilfred E. Holton, Boston's Back Bay: The Story of America's Greatest Nineteenth-Century Landfill Project (Boston, 2006), xiv, 228 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Allen Chamberlain, Beacon Hill: Its Ancient Pastures and Early Mansions (Boston, 1925), xiv, 309 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive, Hathi trust, and on Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Ted Clarke and Theodore G. Clarke, Beacon Hill, Back Bay and the Building of Boston's Golden Age (Charleston, S.C., 2010), 125 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Victor F. Casaburi and William H. Sumner, A Colonial History of East Boston (East Boston, Mass., 1975), 145, [79] pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * William H. Sumner, A History of East Boston, with Biographical Sketches of its Early Proprietors (Boston, 1858), viii, 798 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive, Hathi Trust, and on Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Justin Winsor, The Memorial History of Boston, Including Suffolk County Massachusetts, 1630-1880 (Boston, 1880-1881), in 4 vols. Digital version at Internet Archive (v. 3 only), Google Books (v. 1, v. 2, v. 3, v. 4), and on Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries); with digital links.
 * Julia Knowlton Dyer, "The Islands of Boston Harbor" in The Bostonian Society Publications, 2: 107-131. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Edward Rowe Snow, The Islands of Boston Harbor, Their History and Romance 1626-1935 (Andover, Mass., 1935), 367 pp. with map. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Alex R. Goldfled, The North End: A Brief History of Boston's Oldest Neighborhood (Charleston, S.C., 2009), 190 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Stephen Puleo, The Boston Italians (Boston, 2007), xv, 323 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Anthony V. Riccio, Boston's North End, Images and Recollections of an Italian-American Neighborhood (Guilford, Conn., 2006), xii, 180 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Arnold A. Wieder, The Early Jewish Community of Boston's North End (Waltham, Mass., 1962), 100 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * C. Bancroft Gillespie, Illustrated History of South Boston (South Boston, Mass., 1901), 258 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive, Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Patrick J. Loftus, That Old Gang of Mine: A History of South Boston (South Boston, Mass., 1991), xxiv, 632 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Thomas H. O'Connor, South Boston: My Home Town, The History of an Ethnic Neighborhood (Boston, 1988, rep. 1994), xiii, 259 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Thomas C. Simonds, History of South Boston: formerly Dorchester Neck; Now Ward XII of the City of Boston (Boston, 1857; rep. New York, 1974), 331 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive, Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * John J. Toomey and Edward P. B. Rankin, History of South Boston (Its Past and Present) (Boston, 1901), xxxii, 570 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Search online for the histories and directories of the many social clubs in Boston.
 * Social Register, Boston (New York, various years). Digital version at Internet Archive various editions and Google Books 1904, 1910 WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * The Clubs of Boston containing a complete List of Members and Addresses of all Boston Clubs of Social and Business Prominence (Boston, 1891), 442 pp. with map. Digital version at Internet Archive (1888 ed.). WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Bowen's Picture of Boston, or the Citizen's and Stranger's Guide to the Metropolis of Massachusetts, and its Environs. To which is prefixed the Annals of Boston (Boston, 2nd ed., 1833), 316 pp. with map. Digital version at Internet Archive and Ancestry ($) (1838 ed.). WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Edwin M. Bacon, King's Dictionary of Boston (Cambridge, Mass., 1883), xvi, 518 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Google Books (1881 ed.). WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Ann S. Lainhart, "Research in Boston through the Centuries" in New England Ancestors, 2 [Spring 2001]: 11-17. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Ann S. Lainhart, A Researcher's Guide to Boston (Boston, 2003), xii, 160 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Sunny McClellan Morton, "Boston: City Guide" in Family Tree Magazine, 12, no. 2 [March 2011]: 33-36. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Dexter Smith, Cyclopedia of Boston and Vicinity (Boston, 1886), [18], 298 pp. with map. Digital version at Internet Archive (1887 ed.) and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.

Top of Page Topographical - Pictorial Top of Page
 * Germans in Boston (Boston, 1981), 95 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * James Bernard Cullen, The Story of the Irish in Boston (Boston, 1889), v, 443 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Isaac M. Fein, Boston - Where it all Began, An Historical Perspective of the Boston Jewish Community (Boston, 1976), iii, 83 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Allan Forbes and Paul F. Cadman, Boston and Some Noted Emigres: A Collections of Facts and Incidents with Appropriate Illustrations Relating to Some Well-Known Citizens of France who Found Homes in Boston and New England (Boston, 1938), 98 pp. Digital version at Hathi Trust for searching only. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Oscar Handlin, Boston's Immigrants, A Study in Acculturation (Cambridge, Mass., rev. and enl. ed., 1979), xvii, 382 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, Black Bostonians, Family Life and Community Struggle in the Antebellum North (New York, 1979), xv, 175 pp. This study of the Black community focuses on those before the Civil War who were never part of the slave history of the south. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Charles W. Hurst, "French and German immigrants into Boston 1751" (Milford, Conn., mss., 1968), 15 leaves. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * George A. Levesque, Black Boston: African American Life and Culture in Urban America, 1750-1860 (New York, 1994), xviii, 537 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Thomas O'Connor, The Boston Irish, a political history (Boston, 1995), xix, 363 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not a FHL.
 * Jonathan D. Sarna, Ellen Smith, and Scott-Martin Kosofsky, The Jews of Boston (New Haven, Conn., 2005), xiv, 370 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Walter Muir Whitehill, Boston, A Topographical History (Cambridge, Mass., 2nd ed., 1968), xl, 299 pp. [3rd ed. With Lawrence W. Kennedy, 2000]. WorldCat (Other Libraries) (2nd ed.); Not at FHL.
 * William H. Whitmore, Port Arrivals and Immigrants to the City of Boston 1715-1716 and 1762-1769 (Boston, 1900; excerpt rep. Baltimore, 1973), 111 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive (original, pp. 229-317), Google Books (original pp. 229-317), and on Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Arnold A. Wieder, The Early Jewish Community of Boston's North End (Waltham, Mass., 1962), 100 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Boston's Growth. A Bird's Eye View of Boston's Increase in Territory and Population From It's Beginning to the Present (Boston, 1910), 45 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Hathi Trust. Not on WorldCat; Not at FHL.
 * Boston - One Hundred Years a City. A Collection of Views Made from Rare Prints and Old Photographs Showing the Changes Which Have Occurred in Boston During One Hundred Years of its Existence as a City, 1822-1922 (Boston, 1922), xii, 49 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Thomas Pemberton, "A Topographical and Historical Description of Boston, 1794" in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, for the year 1794, 3: 241-[304]. Digital version at Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Nancy S. Seasholes, Gaining Ground A History of Landmaking in Boston (Cambridge, Mass., 2003), xiv, 533 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Charles Shaw, A Topographical and Historical Description of Boston, from the first settlement of the town to the present period : with some account of its environs (Boston, 1817), 311 pp. Digital version at Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, A Topographical and Historical Description of Boston (Boston, 1871; 3rd ed., 1890), lvi, 720 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive (1871 ed.) and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries) (1871 ed.); Not at FHL.
 * Annie Haven Thwing, The Crooked and Narrow Streets of the Town of Boston (Boston, 1920; 2nd ed., 1925; Tercentenary ed., 1930), xi, 282 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive, Google Books, and on Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries); with in-library link.

Vital Records
The town's vital records are available in many locations: Original records Boston City Clerk's Office 1 City Hall Square Boston MA 02201 Phone 617-635-4600

Microfilm of the originals created by the Family History Library: Note: These records below (except for births after 1920) are browsable (i.e. not yet indexed as of Nov. 2012) on FamilySearch.


 * Birth records
 * 1630-1799, 1849-1900; Birth Index, 1630-1869,.
 * 1728-1897; Birth Index, 1870-1900,.
 * 1870-1910,.
 * 1911-1958,.
 * Marriage records
 * 1646-1900, registers, 1891-1892, and indexes, 1646-1869,.
 * 1883, cert. nos. 3501-4342 (retake),.
 * Birth and Marriage certificates
 * 1901-1910, out-of-town marriages, 1906-1910,.
 * Out-of-town marriages
 * pre-1800, 1858-1895, index, 1858-1892,.
 * 1896-1905,.
 * Marriage indexes
 * 1870-1910,.
 * Death records
 * No death records filmed before 1849.
 * 1849-1895 records and certificates, out-of-town, 1889-1895 (except 1892), stillborn, 1889-1895, index (several), 1630-1891,.
 * 1896-1905 certificates, index, 1892-1955, Death index of annexed towns, 1629-1912,.
 * 1905-1910 certificates, out-of-town, 1905-1909, stillborn, 1906-1910, "burials and deaths," 1905-1910,.
 * Out-of-town deaths
 * 1892, 1896-1904, stillborn, 1896-1905,.
 * Death indexes
 * 1700-1869,.
 * Boston Female Asylum, records (inc. names, finance, minutes, some baptisms, deaths, and subscribers), 1800-1866,.
 * Note: The "Register of Births, British Consulate at Boston, United States" on are births, 1871-1902, in Mass. (mostly Boston); births, 1903-1932, mostly in Mass.; and deaths, 1902-1929, most all at sea.

Microfiche of the originals created by Archive Publishing covering town records: Note: All are part of Massachusetts, Town Vital Collections, 1620–1988 at Ancestry ($); Index.


 * Boston Vital Records, 1630-1849 (inc. all Suffolk Co., 1643-1660, county marriages, 1716-1731, church marriages, 1751-1761), marriage intentions, 1707-1849, including early deaths, 1630-1848 (not found in above originals), and many indexes, on 540 fiche.
 * Boston Births and indexes, 1849-1881, on 234 fiche.
 * Boston Births and indexes, 1882-1895, on 325 fiche.
 * Boston Marriages and indexes, 1849-1890, on 310 fiche.
 * Boston Out-of-town marriages and indexes, 1858-1895, on 41 fiche.
 * Boston Deaths and indexes, 1849-1890, on 369 fiche.

Official state copy of vital records starting in 1841: Massachusetts Archives 220 Morrissey Blvd. Boston MA 02125 Phone 617-727-2816 Email [mailto:archives@sec.state.ma.us archives@sec.state.ma.us] Hours and Directions See the online guide for more information. Published records - primary Published records - secondary Online records The detailed list of what is available online is found under the heading of Original records. Top of Page
 * Births, Baptisms, Marriages, and Deaths, 1630-1699 (Boston, 1883; rep. 1908), vii, 281 pp. This volume includes baptisms from the First Congregational Church only. This volume was microfiched by the Family History Library, and in digital versions at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Ancestry ($). In a database at American Ancestors or browse ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries), 1883 ed., 1908 ed.; . Sanford Charles Gladden, An Index to the Vital Records of Boston, 1630-1699 ([Boulder, Colo.], 1969), ii. 188 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Boston Births from A.D. 1700 to A.D. 1800 (Boston, 1894), iv, 379 pp. This volume was microfiched by the Family History Library, and in digital versions at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Ancestry ($). In a database at American Ancestors or browse ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Boston Births, Baptisms, Marriages, and Deaths, 1630-1699. Boston Births, 1700-1800: Two Volumes in One (Baltimore, 1978; rep. 1994), vii, 281, iv, 379 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Boston Marriages from 1700 to 1751 (Boston, 1898; rep. several times), 468 pp. This volume was microfiched by the Family History Library, (with digital link) and in digital versions at Internet Archive (title listed incorrectly), Google Books, and Ancestry ($). In a database at American Ancestors (combined with next volume below) or browse ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries);  (with digital link).
 * Boston Marriages from 1752 to 1809 (Boston, 1903), vii, 710, [3] pp. This volume should end in an unpaginated two pages of corrections and also an Addenda insert for page 505. This volume was microfiched by the Family History Library, and in digital versions at Internet Archive and Ancestry ($). In a database at American Ancestors (part of a larger marriage database) or browse ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Boston Marriages from 1700 to 1809 (Baltimore, 1977), 2 vols. (rep. of above two titles into one volume). Digital version at Ancestry ($). In a database at American Ancestors (part of a larger marriage database) or browse ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries); (with digital link).
 * Robert J. Dunkle and Ann Smith Lainhart, comp., John Haven Dexter's Memoranda of the Town of Boston in the 18th &amp; 19th Centuries (Boston, 1997), iv, 713 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Robert J. Dunkle and Ann S. Lainhart, Deaths in Boston 1700 to 1799 (Boston, 1999), in 2 vols., xxviii, 1136 pp. This voume draws on the town records, coroner's records, church records, contemporary accounts, bible records, histories and genealogies, newspapers, articles in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, and other town vital records. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.

City Directories and Almanacs
Boston city directories are one of the most complete record of the city's adult male population, business women, and later the widows of the men previously listed. Boston was the third place to start publishing directories (after New York and Philadelphia) in 1789. They were published annually (for the most part) after 1825. The directory evolved from a simple entry (ex. Herring Ebenezer, mason and sexton, Lynde-street) to one of name, occupation and location, residence (boarding or house), and would list you if you worked in the city but lived elsewhere (then it would name the town of residence). Added features were usually a map (often not digitized and missing), lists of a few trades (such as lawyer, physician, etc.), a few civic items (fire companies, justices, etc.), and business advertisements. More categories appeared over time. By the later 1800s, when someone was being dropped because they died, their death date would be given, or moved, their new town of residence was given. By 1930, there was a very helpful reverse directory added (arranged by street). This resource ceased publication in 1981. The years published are:

The entire run of directories was microfiched at the New England Historic Genealogical Society in 1992 and made available through many great libraries including the Boston Public Library,, Library of Congress, Massachusetts State Library, and the New England Historic Genealogical Society Library in Boston. Online copies of these Boston directories can be found on Internet Archive and Google Books. There are two paid sites. Ancestry ($) is the first one everyone turns to as they created a large library of U.S. city directories from 1821 to 1989. The first caveat is that they do not have the earliest years and some of the "directories" are actually "almanacs." The best website for Boston directories is fold3 that has all the directories from 1789 through 1926.

The Boston Almanac started publication in 1836 as a simple almanac of climate, astrological, farm, and other tables along with a calendar. Soon, city and state officials were added along with history sections for the previous year and listings of all the streets, wharves, ward boundaries, public buildings, stage coach tables, societies and institutions, newspapers, and other handy information. The contents can change annually. The title changed over time:

Top of Page
 * Boston Almanac for the year XXXX from 1836 (v. 1, no. 1) to 1871 (v. 26, no. 31) WorldCat (Other Libraries); (1849 only)
 * Boston Almanac and Business Directory from 1872 (v. 37) to 1894 (v. 59) WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL
 * Boston Register and Business Directory from 1895 (v. 60) to 1926 (v. 89) WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.

Maps
This is a list of map resource sites of particular interest to genealogists, and is not an effort to trace the vast cartographic history of Boston in full. There will be many maps of Boston in every major library including the Family History Library. Consult the catalog for the particular holdings of a library. The earliest map specifically of Boston is by Capt. John Bonner in 1722. There are many versions available on the internet, one is at Boston Public Library. Since Boston covers a majority of Suffolk County, look for Suffolk County Atlases. Reference Books Maps Online Top of Page
 * "List of Maps of Boston, Published Between 1614 and 1822" printed as Appendix J of the Thirty-fifth Annual Report of the City Engineer Boston for the year 1901 (Boston, 1902), pp. 129-161. Digital version at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries) [rep.]; Not at FHL.
 * List of maps of Boston published subsequent to 1600, copies of which are to be found in the possession of the city of Boston or other collectors of the same ... February 1, 1904 (Boston, 1904), 95 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive and Google Books. This is another reprint of the 1902 list with supplementary list. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Alex Krieger and David Cobb, Mapping Boston (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), xiv, 278 pp. A series of historical and current maps with essays by Anne Mackin discussing the important events and landmarks of the day. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, Boston Public Library. This is the largest single collection of Boston maps with a listing of 584.
 * Boston Redevelopment Authority, The Boston Atlas. This can be a complicated site for the first time user. Click on one of the three viewer choices and wait for the new window to open and fill in with a map. Any of the three will allow a search of a specific address. Here, we are concerned about the historical overlays only. The user can select (or unselect) any overlay desired. For the Flash viewer, unselect all except the historic map (choice of 1775, 1814, 1826, or 1881). The two Java viewers are similar. Unselect all items in the menu except the last. Click on the named box and an extensive menu with sub-menus will appear. The largest collection of historical maps is under "Future Boston Map Collection". Play around until you find what you need.
 * Library of Congress, American Memory project, Boston maps.
 * David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. Scroll part way down to the Boston section and then click on "Launch GIS Professional Browser" to view historical maps.
 * Sanborn maps, Boston, 1885.
 * Tufts Digital Collections and Archives, Boston Streets: Mapping Directory Data

Introduction
There were divisions of the town of Boston, but the ward became important when Boston incorporated as a city in 1822. Wards were drawn and redefined in 1822, 1838, 1850, 1865, 1875, 1895, 1914, and 1924. The 1885 was set aside by the court and never officially used. These ward boundaries were defined in A Catalogue of the City Councils of Boston, 1822-1890, Roxbury, 1846-1867, Charlestown, 1847-1873 and of the selectmen of Boston, 1634-1822, also of various other town and municipal officers (Boston, 1891), xxxix, 270 pp. (Boston, 2nd ed., 1909), 402 pp., at pages 7 through 40 [see WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL; online at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Hathi Trust (1909 ed.); and in the Municipal Register for 1912, 1924, and 1927 [WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL; online links for all years, see the Boston Public Library].

It is important to understand these changes ward boundaries as they are referenced in city directories, census, tax records, and other documents. Voter lists and governmental representation was established by wards. The following is a description and associated map to help learn where these boundaries were. Note that the descriptions are the official boundary and the maps sometimes vary from the descriptions, especially with the rapid change in names of streets as Boston expanded with the landfill project.

1822
Boston Wards in 1822 Plan of Boston (1826) with ward boundaries - colored section were proposed new wards for 1832 Note: 35 churches in the city Top of Page

1838
Boston Wards in 1838 A New &amp; Complete Map of the City of Boston (1839) [colorized by wards] Top of Page

1850
Boston Wards in 1850 Plan of Boston Comprising a Part of Charlestown and Cambridge (1851) [colorized wards] [http://maps.bpl.org/id/10953 New Map of Boston ... with the new boundaries of the wards] (1851) Note: 83 churches in the city Top of Page

1865
Boston Wards in 1865 Plan of Boston (1867) Note: 114 churches in the city in 1867 Note: 127 churches in the city in 1869 (with addition of Roxbury)

1868
Roxbury annexation adds Wards 13-15 in 1868 Plan of Boston with Additions and Corrections (1869) Top of Page

1870
Dorchester annexation adds Ward 16 in 1870 Map of Boston from the Lastest surveys (1870) Brighton, Charlestown, and West Roxbury annexation adds Wards 17-22 in 1873 Map of Boston, for 1874 (1874) Top of Page

1875
Boston Wards in 1875 Map of Boston (1876) [includes the amended border change in 1876 and shows the old borders with Roxbury and Dorchester] Top of Page

1895
Boston Wards in 1895 Map of the City of Boston and Vicinity (1896) An Outline Map of Boston showing the old &amp; new ward lines also the old Congressional lines (1896) - no streets Top of Page

1912
Hyde Park annexation adds Ward 26 in 1912 The entirety of the former town of Hyde Park constitutes the whole of Ward 26

1914
Boston Wards in 1914 No ward map found online You can use the Boston Atlases, 1873-1938, by neighborhood By this time, the wards come more neighborhood centric and so only the neighborhoods will be given from here forward to describe the ward geography.

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1924
Boston Wards in 1924 No ward map found online You can use the Boston Atlases, 1873-1938 by neighborhood This redistricting for the first time reduced the number of wards from 26 down to 22. Also, the harbor island were not included in any ward, so it is assumed no one was then living there.

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Introduction
With Boston's aggressive program of landfill and annexation of neighboring towns, the city landscape of streets was ever-changing. This is the researcher's guide to these streets, the additions, but also the deletions or moving of a name from one area to another.

The first listing of streets for the town of Boston was published as a broadside called The Names of the Streets, Lanes &amp; Alleys within the Town of Boston, in New England (Boston, 1708). The Vade Mecum for America (Boston, 1732) was the first commercial guide designed for travellers. After the Revolution, some names of English or Royal bent were changed. The town ordered a new list made and it was recorded in the Town Records in 1788 that was recorded in book 8 starting on page 81. A second unofficial list was published called Names of the Streets, Lanes and Alleys in the Town of Boston in 1800. Street lists began to appear in the Boston City directories starting in 1803. The next official list came in 1834 when the 1708 and 1788 lists were reprinted and then updated with streets in the annexed South Boston, formerly Dorchester Neck. This was reprinted later the same year. An update to this report was published in 1842. As a byproduct of a project to index plans at the Suffolk Registry of Deeds in 1860, Francis Lincoln found it necessary to prepare a list of streets and their changes. This can be found there in manuscript form.

Because of the annexation of Roxbury, a list of changes in names for street in Boston proper and Roxbury was given in 1868 to eliminate the confusion caused by the duplication of names [see Municipal Records, Vol. 46, pp. 286-408, city Doc. No. 49, 1868]. The great study of street names and their history post-1708 was published in 1879 [see City Doc. No. 119 for 1879, Appendix J]. This included the work in 1860, but the problem was it only focused on Boston proper and many more towns had been annexed by that time. The Street Commissioners reported on 27 December 1880 to the city Council a Report of the Street Commissioners on the Nomenclature of the City's Streets [see City Doc. No. 141 for 1880] of suitable names the duplicate streets could be given. The rest of the publication history is presented in the lists to follow.

Unofficial lists (early)

 * Vade Mecum for America; or a companion for traders and travellers (Boston, 1732), pp. 206-214. Digital version at Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Boston Streets, Wards and Landmarks (Boston, 1826-1873) - 24 issues. No known digital versions. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * A List of Boston Streets, etc., etc. (Boston, 1868), 52 pp. Digital version at Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Boston Street Directory, a complete pocket guide to the streets, avenues, places, parks, squares, wharves, etc., containing also hotels, etc. (Boston, 1876), p. 24to. No digital version found. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Boston Street Directory, a complete pocket guide to the streets, avenues, places, parks, squares, wharves, etc., containing also hotels, etc. (Boston, 1885), unknown pagination. No digital version found. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.

Official lists

 * The Names of the Streets, Lanes &amp; Alleys within the Town of Boston, in New England (Boston, 1708), broadside, Note: This was reproduced in the front of the records of streets published in 1910 (below). No digital version found of original, but see the 1910 reprint. WorldCat (Other Libraries - one of many versions); Not at FHL.
 * The 1788 street name list published in the Documents of the City of Boston for the year 1903. Digital version at Google Books. Not on WorldCat; Not at FHL.
 * By a committee of the Board of Alderman, a third official list of streets was created in 1834 that utilized the first two lists and additions and deletions to 1834. This work included the streets from the recently annexed South Boston (in 1804). See city Records, Vol. 12, p. 179. This listed was formally submitted and adopted later in the year.
 * The Committee on Laying Out and Widening Streets submitted a list an update to the previous report in 1842. See Municipal Record, Vol. 20, p. 297.
 * Francis Lincoln who was preparing an index to plans at the Suffolk Registry of Deeds found it necessary to prepare a list of streets with their various names in 1860. This file was placed at the registry (so noted in 1910).
 * An order was present to the Board of Aldermen in 1868 providing fo changes in the names of a number of streets in Boston proper and Roxbury that was intended to eliminate the confusion caused by the duplication of names in the newly annexed Roxbury bearing the same names as streets in Boston proper. See Municipal Records, Vol. 46, pp. 286-408, city Doc. No. 49 for 1868.
 * The Joint Standing Committee on Ordinances in 1879 submitted a report consisting of a statement of the manner in which the streets of the city had been named and their names changed, together with the reasons of the committee for limiting their research into the history of the streets to the period subsequent to 1708, and explanation of the difficulty of the work and the process by which the committee had arrived at the result, being appendix J of their report. See City Doc. No. 119 for 1879. Note: This study was only for Boston proper and thus left the rest of the city unstudied.
 * Report of the Street Commissioners on the Nomenclature of the City's Streets which was a list of the public streets in different parts of the city with similar names and "the title which the Commissioners have suggested to themselves as suitable for such of those streets as in their opinion should be renamed and appended to them." See city Doc. No. 141 for 1880.
 * List of Streets, Avenues, Courts, Places, Etc. showing the number and divisions of those extending through more than one ward by the Board of Registrars of Voters. Digital versions at 1880 ed. and 1888 ed. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * James R. Carret agreed to prepare for the city a record of names of the streets in the city as found in its records, alphabetically arranged, showing the dates of laying out and the date of change in name of any streets which had taken place from 1871 to 1894. See city Doc. No. 35 for 1894.
 * The above work was continued by J. H. Jenkins, John W. Morrison, and Irwin C. Cromack and appeared as Appendix B in the report of the Street Laying-Out Department for 1894. See city Doc. No. 35 for 1895.
 * List of Streets, Avenues, Courts, Places, Etc. showing the number and divisions of those extending through more than one ward or precinct together with the location of hotels, apartment-houses, etc. by the Board of Election Commissioners (Boston, 1896), 128 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * A Record of the Streets, Alleys, Places, Etc. in the City of Boston compiled under the Direction of the Street Commissioners and Printed by Order of the City Council with an Appendix containing a description of the Boundary, Wards and Aldermanic Districts of the City ... by the Street Laying-out Department (Boston, 1902), 466 pp. No digital version found. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Boston Streets also its Avenues, Courts, Places, Etc., showing the numbers and divisions of those extending through more than one ward or precinct, together with the location of hotels, apartment-houses, etc. by the Board of Election Commissioners (Boston, 1906), 156 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * A Record of the Streets, Alleys, Places, Etc. in the City of Boston ... with an Appendix containing a description of the Boundary Line of the City and also a Description of the Changes which have been made in it by Annexations, etc., from the date of the Settlement of the Town to 1910 by the Street Laying-out Department (Boston, 1910), xvi, 543 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Boston Streets also its Avenues, Courts, Places, Etc., showing the numbers and divisions of those extending through more than one ward or precinct, together with the location of hotels, apartment-houses, engine houses, school houses, institutions and hospitals by the Board of Street Commissioners (Boston, year varies). Digital versions by year: 1913; 1916; 1919; 1921; 1923; 1925; 1926; 1928; 1930; 1932; 1933; 1935. WorldCat (Other Libraries) - choose year; Not at FHL.
 * Boston Streets also its Avenues, Courts, Places, Etc., showing the numbers and divisions of those extending through more than one ward or precinct, together with the location of hotels, apartment-houses, engine houses, school houses, institutions, hospitals and Squares named in honor of World War veterans by the Board of Street Commissioners (Boston, year varies) Digital versions by year: 1936; 1939; 1941; 1944; 1948; 1951. WorldCat (Other Libraries) - choose year; Not at FHL.
 * Boston Streets also its Avenues, Courts, Places, Etc., showing the numbers and divisions of those extending through more than one ward or precinct, together with the location of Squares named in honor of World War veterans, hotels, fire stations, schools, institutions and hospitals, public libraries, parks and playgrounds by the Public Works Department (Boston, year varies). Digital versions by year: 1955; 1957 (supp. only); 1958; 1959 (supp. only); 1960 (supp. only); 1963. WorldCat (Other Libraries) - choose year; Not at FHL.
 * Boston Streets also its Avenues, Courts, Places, Etc., showing the numbers and divisions of those extending through more than one ward or precinct, together with the location of Squares named in honor of veterans, hotels, fire stations, police stations, schools, institutions and hospitals, public libraries, little city halls, parks, playgrounds, public buildings, historical sites, parking locations, and places of religious worship by the Public Works Department (Boston, year varies). Digital versions by year: 1971; 1976; 1982; 1989. WorldCat (Other Libraries) - choose year; Not at FHL.
 * Street Directory including location of all streets with numbers at which other streets intersect by the Boston Transportation Department (Boston, year varies). Digital versions by year: 1993; 1999. Not in WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.

Official database

 * Online database that gives the street's beginning and end, whether public, ward, precinct, district, Public Works Department section, and zip code.

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Cemeteries
The following is a chronological list of cemeteries in present-day Boston proper, Boston Harbor, East Boston, and South Boston. For information on the areas annexed to Boston, see those separate town pages. For more details regarding these cemeteries, see the state guide under cemeteries for books on the subject. The city's Parks and Recreation Department runs a public / private cooperative program called the Historic Burying Grounds Initiative. From their website, you can learn more about the eighteen historic burying grounds in their oversight, find maps of them, newsletters of the program, and a mid-1980s database of fourteen of the cemeteries (missing Evergreen, Fairview, Mount Hope, and South End) giving the name, death date, cemetery, and location for each entry. Boston proper cemeteries

1. King's Chapel Burying Ground, Tremont St., 1630. (B, C)


 * Note: There are interior tombs in the chapel dating back to 1749. Wikipedia entry.


 * Thomas Bridgman, Memorials of the Dead in Boston; containing exact transcripts of inscriptions on the sepulchral monuments in the King's Chapel burial ground, in the city of Boston (Boston, 1853), 339, 17 pp. [various editions] Digital version at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Annual Report of the Cemetery Dept. of Boston, Fiscal Year 1902-1903 (Boston, 1903), p. 35-82. Also published separately. Digital versions at Internet Archive (reprint) and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Alphabetical Indexes to Boston Burying Grounds (Boston, 1984), Six parts in one. Not on WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL; New England Historic Genealogical Society Library.

2. Copp's Hill or North Burying Ground, between Hull St. and Charter St., 1660. (B)


 * City of Boston cemetery website. Wikipedia entry.


 * "Burials in Boston's North (Copp's Hill) burial ground, 1707-1709" (Mss C 1041), 10 items, R Stanton Avery Special Collections Department, New England Historic Genealogical Society.
 * Josiah Snelling, "Record book for North Burial Ground," 1810-1813, (Mss C 5900), [70] p., R Stanton Avery Special Collections Department, New England Historic Genealogical Society.
 * Thomas Bridgman, Memorials of the dead in Boston; containing an exact transcript from inscriptions, epitaphs and records on the monuments and tombstones in Copp's Hill Burying Ground, in the city of Boston (Boston, 1852), xxiii, 252 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archives and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); (with digital link).
 * William Henry Whitmore, The Graveyards of Boston: First Volume, Copp's Hill Epitaphs (Albany, N.Y., 1878), xxiii, 116 pp. Digital version at Internet Archives and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); (with digital link).
 * E. MacDonald, Old Copp's Hill and Burial Ground: With Historical Sketches (Boston, 1882), 47 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archives and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); (with digital link).
 * Historical Sketch and Matters appertaining to the Copp's Hill Burial-Ground (Boston, 1901), 26 pp., [9] leaves. Digital versions at Internet Archive and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Annual Report of the Cemetery Dept. of Boston, Fiscal Year 1900-1901 (Boston, 1901), 131 pp. No digital version online. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * John Norton, Historical Sketch of Copp's Hill Burying Ground with inscriptions and quaint epitaphs ([Boston]: 17th ed., 1921), 32 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * "Tombstone inscriptions, Copp's Hill, Boston, Mass." (typ., 1937), (Mss C 4067), 107, 34 leaves, R. Stanton Avery Special Collections Department, New England Historic Genealogical Society.
 * "Inscriptions from Copp's Hill Burial Ground, Boston", Massachusetts DAR GRC Report, s1, v076 (typ., 1937), p. 1-107, NSDAR Library.
 * Historic Burying Grounds Report and Inventory, October 1986 (Boston, 1986), v. 2. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Charles Chauncey Wells, Boston's Copps Hill Burying Ground Guide (Oak Park, Ill., 1998), 64, xxiii, 106, 108 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.

3. 'Granary Burying Ground, Common [now Tremont''] St., 1660. (B, C) '''


 * City of Boston cemetery website. Wikipedia entry.
 * "Burials in Boston's South (Granary) burial ground, 1708-1710" (Mss C 1040), 14 items, R Stanton Avery Special Collections Department, New England Historic Genealogical Society.
 * Thomas Bridgman, The Pilgrims of Boston and their Descendants: also, inscriptions form the monuments in the Granary Burial Ground, Tremont Street (New York, 1856; rep. West Jordan, Utah, 1984), xvi, 406 pp. Note: Reprint printed with six original pages on one reprinted page. Digital versions at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Ancestry ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries); WorldCat (Other Libraries) (reprint); (with digital link).
 * A Sketch of the Original and History of the Granary Burial Ground: With a list of the past and present owners of tombs (Boston, 1879), 21 pp. Digital version at Google Books. Not on WorldCat; Not at FHL.
 * William Henry Whitmore, The Graveyards of Boston: Second Volume, Granary and Boston Common Epitaphs (Albany, N.Y., 188-), 128 pp. No digital version available. Not on WorldCat; Not at FHL; NEHGS Library, Boston.
 * "Historical Sketch and Matters Appertaining to the Granary Burial-Ground" in Annual Report of the Cemetery Dept. of Boston, Fiscal Year 1901-1902 (Boston, 1902), p. 35-65. Offprint (Boston, 1902), 37 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Ogden Codman, Gravestone Inscriptions and Records of Tomb Burials in the Granary Burying Ground, Boston, Mass. (Salem, Mass., 1918; rep. Bowie, Md., 1997), 255 pp. Digital version at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries); (with digital link);  (reprint ed.).
 * Alphabetical Indexes to Boston Burying Grounds (Boston, 1984-1985), 6 parts in 1 volume. Note: 6th part is the Granary Burying Ground. Not on WorldCat; Not at FHL; NEHGS Library, Boston.

4. Quaker Burying Ground [site], Congress St., 1709. (B)


 * Note: The meeting house was burned in the Great Fire of 1760. Thwing [see History - Topographical above], 145, said the remains were re-interred in Lynn in 1827. Dunkle and Lainhart [see below as item B], 800, say William Mumford bought land on Brattle Square in 1694 for a Quaker meeting house and burying ground. The Society moved to Quaker Lane [now Congress Street] in 1708. This Society voted to discontinue in 1808. After eleven years of non-use, the remains of 111 people were exhumed and removed to Lynn. It was uncommon for Quakers to inscribe stones, so this lost cemetery was likely marked with fieldstones. The source for the later is not given.

5. Jewish Burial Ground, Chamber St., before 1734. (B)


 * Note: This burying ground was referenced in a deed of Isaac Solomon in 1735 as a "Burying Ground as it is now fenced in to the Jewish nation." Nothing more is known about this site. See Thwing [see History - Topographical above], 205-206.

6. Central or Boston Common Burying Ground, Boylston St., 1756. (B, C)


 * Wikipedia entry.
 * William Henry Whitmore, The Graveyards of Boston: Second Volume, Granary and Boston Common Epitaphs (Albany, N.Y., 188-), 128 pp. No digital version available. Not on WorldCat; Not at FHL; NEHGS Library, Boston.
 * Ogden Codman, Gravestone Inscriptions and Records of Tomb Burials in the Central Burying Ground, Boston Common, and Inscriptions in the South Burying Ground, Boston (Salem, Mass., 1917), 167 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); (with digital link).
 * Alphabetical Indexes to Boston Burying Grounds (Boston, 1984-1985), 6 parts in 1 volume. Note: 6th part is the Granary Burying Ground. Not on WorldCat; Not at FHL; NEHGS Library, Boston.

7. South Burying Ground or South End Cemetery, Washington St. between East Newton and East Concord Sts., South End, 1810-1866. (A, B)


 * From the city's Historic Burying Ground Initiative: When the South End Burying Ground was opened in 1810, it was located on the narrow strip of marshland, Roxbury Neck, which connected the peninsula of Boston to the mainland. The gallows stood at the east edge of the burying ground, near the tidewaters of South Boston Bay, leading to the persistent myth that primarily hanged pirates and other criminal were buried here. In fact, it is difficult to know exactly who is buried here. In the nineteenth century, people of modest means had recorded, but unmarked graves. They could not afford elaborate headstones or other types of monumentation. While there are only 20 grave markers, records indicate that over 11,000 are buried at this site. Successive filling of the marshy site permitted burials in several tiers. It has been reported that South End Burying Ground contains the graves of paupers from the Alms House and inmates from the House of Industry. Mostly, though, this site is known as a working man's burying ground, where families paid a small fee to the City for burials. Interments ceased in this graveyard in 1866. Note: Others have taken the short list of inscriptions (noted above and given below) into a long lost cemetery on Boston Neck, but in fact there is only one cemetery in this part of the city.
 * Ogden Codman, Gravestone Inscriptions and Records of Tomb Burials in the Central Burying Ground, Boston Common, and Inscriptions in the South Burying Ground, Boston (Salem, Mass., 1917), 167 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); (with digital link).

8. St. Paul's Cathedral Tombs [site], Tremont St., 1823-1914.


 * Note: The tombs were used to the late 19th century and the burials removed in 1914 -- some to Mount Hope Cemetery.

9. Park Street Church Tombs, Park St., 1824-1861.


 * Note: Some burials were re-interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, in 1861.

10. Old Trinity Church Tombs [site], Summer St., burned in the Great Fire of 1872. Boston Harbor Island cemeteries

What is known about the cemeteries on the island comes from Edward Rowe Snow, The Islands of Boston Harbor, Their History and Romance 1626-1935 (Andover, Mass., 1935), 367 pp. with map, WorldCat (Other Libraries), Not at FHL. The only islands with cemeteries there now are "Deer Island" and "Long Island" - neither are technically islands any more. 11. Nix's Mate Island Cemetery [site], Mix Mate Island, Boston, Harbor, 1724-1735.


 * Note: Used for the burial of some pirates.

12. Castle Island Cemetery, now through landfill, the tip of South Boston, 1762.


 * There were several individual sites on the island and the cemetery on the southern point. Some burials were moved to Governor's Island in 1892 and others to Deer Island in 1908.

13. Thompson's Island Cemetery [site], Thompson's Island, Boston Harbor, 1842.


 * A Boston Death record lists a Charles H. Austin who was buried there in 1842.

14. Deer Island Cemetery, Deer Island, Boston Harbor, 1847.


 * This island has a Native American burial site from the King Philip's War in 1675-1676. The island was home to a quarantine station and many immigrants, mostly Irish, who died at the station were buried there in nameless graves. These are two separate sites. The burial grounds are now part of the park and the cemetery listed on maps nearby is Resthaven Cemetery (listed below) but included Waster Water Treatment Facility.

15. Governor's Island Cemetery [site], 19th century.


 * The cemetery was on the north slope of the hill and every grave was moved in 1908 to Deer Island.

16. Rainsford Island Cemetery [site], 1871-1920.


 * Note: This cemetery may no longer exist and it not mentioned in the history above or David Allen Lambert, A Guide to Massachusetts Cemeteries. The island was home to the adult male Paupers' House from 1871 to 1888. Those residences were moved over to nearby Long Island then and the building housed the adult female paupers. It became the House of Reformation from 1895 to 1920 that was renamed the Suffolk School for Boys. Burials were made from the Paupers' House.

17. Long Island Hospital Cemetery, Long Island, Boston Harbor, 1893.


 * The Almshouse was here and buried over 2500 there by 1935. These graves are only marked by lot numbers.

18. Resthaven Cemetery, Deer Island, Boston Harbor, 1918.


 * Note: This island was home to a prison, reform school, a fort, and other buildings. There were two cemeteries for these different facilities, one for prisoners and hospital patients and the other for military personnel. The military remains wer re-interred at Fort Devens Cemetery in Ayer, Mass. The others were moved to the New Rest Haven Cemetery.

East Boston cemeteries

19. Bennington Street Burying Ground, Bennington corner of Swift Sts., East Boston, 1819. (A) 20. Temple Ohabei Shalom Cemetery, Wordsworth St., East Boston, 1844. South Boston cemeteries

21. South Boston Tombs [site], West Seventh and Dorchester Sts., South Boston, 1810.


 * Note from Toomey and Rankin, History of South Boston, p. 127: Fifteen tombs were built on the spot where the Shurtleff school was and it was supposed that it was used only for a short time.

22. Hawes Burying Ground, Old Road now Emerson St., South Boston, 1816. (A, B)


 * Thomas Hill, "The Only Protestant Burial Ground in South Boston" (mss., 1901) (Mss C 3389), 10 p., R Stanton Avery Special Collections Department, New England Historic Genealogical Society.

23. '''St. Augustine's Cemetery, West Sixth St. west of Dorchester St., South Boston, 1819. '''


 * Note: This cemetery was filled not long after 1900.
 * The Archdiocese of Boston Archives holds the lot sales (1840-1859), burials (1850-1859), copies of gravestones (1819-1850), and an undated list of graves copied from the original records.

24. St. Matthew's Episcopal Church Tombs [site], Broadway near E St., South Boston, 1819.


 * Note: Tombs were built in the cellar of the church and these were gone by 1900.

25. Union Cemetery, East Fifth St., South Boston, 1841 (A).


 * Note: This is the newest and smallest cemetery in South Boston and adjoins the Hawes Burying Ground.

Abstracts of the cemeteries above are marked and keyed to: (A). Inventories of Some Boston Cemeteries (Boston, 1990) WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL. (B). Robert J. Dunkle and Ann S. Lainhart, Inscriptions and Records of The Old Cemeteries of Boston (Boston, 2000), xiii, 914 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);. Available in an online database at New England Historic Genealogical Society ($). (C). Charles Chauncey Wells and Suzanne Austin Wells, Preachers, Patriots &amp; Plain Folks: Boston's Burying Ground Guide to King's Chapel, Granary, Central (Oak Park, Ill., 2004), 288 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);. Top of Page

Churches
The following is a list of churches established in Boston, East Boston, and South Boston by date founded. The earliest list of churches found was from Thomas Prince, The Vade Mecum for America: Or a Companion for Traders and Travellers (Boston, 1732), page 215, with "A List of the Houses of Publick Worship in Boston, with the Streets where they Stand, and the Times of the Foundation of the several Churches." There were fourteen listed then and by all accounts, there nothing established that were closed by then. The next authority used was John Hayward, A Gazetteer of Massachusetts (Boston, 1847), pp. 70-102, and Carroll D. Wright, Report of the Custody and Condition of the Public Records of Parishes, Towns, and Counties (Boston 1889). For information specific to Congregational churches, Harold Field Worthley, An Inventory of the Records of the Particular (Congregational) Churches of Massachusetts Gathered 1620-1805 (Cambridge, Mass., 1970) was consulted.

The best resource for the vital records of the churches of Boston is Robert J. Dunkle and Ann S. Lainhart, trans., The Records of the Churches of Boston (Boston, 2002) on CD [see WorldCat (Other Libraries); ]. The transcribers copied all baptisms, marriages, deaths, admissions, and dismissals from all Boston churches established before 1800 where records were found and include the first three parishes of Roxbury. Some transcriptions go beyond 1800. The only church not giving permission for their records to be included was the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (the oldest Catholic Church in New England). This is available online as a database at New England Historic Genealogical Society ($).

1. First Church, Old Church or Old Brick Church [now First Church of Boston], 1630.


 * Wikipedia page.
 * Locations:
 * King Street [later called State St.] at the corner of Devonshire St., 1632-1639 [see sketch].
 * Cornhill [later called Washington St.], 1639-1808. This building burned in 1711 and a new brick church built on the same spot the following year called the Old Brick Church [see painting of building, 1712-1808]. This building was sold in 1808.
 * Chauncey Place, 1808-1868 [see sketch]. 66 Marlborough Street, 1868 to present [see 19th century image or 1920 view].
 * Note:
 * A fire destroyed its building in 1968, and after it merged with the Old North Church to form The First and Second Church of Boston.
 * Voted to change its name to the Society of the First Church in Boston in 2005.
 * Records:
 * First Church in Boston, Records, 1630-1882 at the Massachusetts Historical Society.
 * First Church - Penn Scholarship disbursement records, 1717-1819 at the Harvard University Archives.
 * List of Presiding Ministers, dates and texts of sermons at First Congregational Church, Boston, 1842-1845 at the Boston Athenaeum.
 * First Church in Boston, Records, 1844-1996 (bulk 1923-1953) at the Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard Divinity School, Collection bMS 712.
 * Online resources:
 * Boston's First Church - its Historical Heritage.
 * Publications:
 * William Emerson, An Historical Sketch of the First Church in Boston: from its formation to the present period (Boston, 1812), [2], 256 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Jeremiah Colburn, "Marriages in Boston, Mass. from the Original Certificates of the Clergymen Officiating" in New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 34 [1880]: 94-96, for 1707.
 * Arthur B. Ellis, History of the First Church in Boston, 1630-1880 (Boston, 1881), lxxxviii, 356 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Births, Baptisms, Marriages, and Deaths, 1630-1699 (Boston, 1883; rep. 1908), vii, 281 pp. This volume includes baptisms from the First Congregational Church only. This volume was microfiched by the Family History Library, and in digital versions at Internet Archive, Google Books, and Ancestry ($). In a database at American Ancestors or browse ($). WorldCat (Other Libraries), 1883 ed., 1908 ed.; . Sanford Charles Gladden, An Index to the Vital Records of Boston, 1630-1699 ([Boulder, Colo.], 1969), ii. 188 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Anson Titus, "Marriages of Rev. Thomas Foxcroft, A.M., Boston. 1717-1769" in New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 42 [1888]: 152-155, 250-254.
 * Memorials in the First Church in Boston (Boston, 1926?), [40] pp., photographs with descriptive text. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Richard D. Pierce, ed., The Records of The First Church in Boston, 1630-1868 being vols. 39 to 41 in the Publications of The Colonial Society of Massachusetts: Collections (Boston, 1961), 1254 pp. Digital version of Vol. 1 only at DigitalCommons for viewing only (this takes a couple minutes to download file) and cannot be saved. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Leo W. Collins, This is Our Church: The Seven Societies of the First Church in Boston 1630-2005 (Boston, 2005), iii, 181 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Ministers to 1850:



Top of Page 2. Second Church or North Church and now the Old North Church, 1650-1970.


 * Wikipedia pages: Second Church, Boston (historic church) and Second Church in Boston (last building).
 * Locations:
 * North Square [called Church Square in 1732] in the North End, 1650-1776 [see sketch]. Burned in 1676, rebuilt on old site, British troops tear down building for firewood in 1776.
 * Middle Street [became part of Hanover Street in 1824] in the North End, 1779-1849. This was formerly the church for the Seventh Church or so-called New Brick Church.
 * Freeman Place on Beacon Hill, 1849-1854.
 * Bedford Street in the Financial District, 1854-1872.
 * Boylston Street at Copley Square, 1874-1914.
 * 874 Beacon Street on the corner with Park Drive, 1914-1970.
 * Notes:
 * Some members left to form the New North Church in 1714.
 * A group of Old Light members led by Samuel Mather seceded in 1742 to form the Tenth Church. When their pastor died in 1785, they rejoined this church.
 * Congregation invited to combined services at the New Brick Church (i.e. Seventh Church ) after British troops destroyed the Old North Church in 1776.
 * This church merged with the Seventh Church [or so-called New Brick Church] to be called the Old North Church.
 * Church shifts to Unitarian doctrine in 1802.
 * Church building demolished in 1844 and rebuilt on the same site in 1845 and called The Second Church.
 * Church purchased the Freeman Place Chapel and moved there. They sold their Hanover Street building to a Methodist congregation.
 * Church merged with the Church of Our Savior and moved into their building on Bedford Street in 1854. They sold the Freeman Place building.
 * Church on Bedford Street dismantled, the land sold, and reassembled the building with slight modifications in Copley Square that opened in 1874.
 * Brought property at the corner of Beacon Street and Park Drive in 1913 and built a church in 1914.
 * The Second Church joined the First Church to form The First and Second Church of Boston in 1970.
 * Records:
 * A note in the earliest original book state that after 23 years of existence, the church had yet to get a record book and that this sad state of affairs was impossible to restore it to a desirable record. The contemporary records begin in 1673.
 * The church vital records from 1741 to 1768 were lost during the Revolutionary War according to Worthley, but most seem present.
 * Second Church (Boston, Mass.), Records, 1650-1970, held at the Massachusetts Historical Society.
 * John Lathrop, account book, 1780-1802, minister of the Second Church, held by the Baker Library, Harvard Business School.

Publications:


 * Richard Mather, John Cotton, and James Allen, A platform of church-discipline; : gathered out of the Word of God; and agreed upon by the elders and messengers of the churches assembled in the Synod at Cambridge in N.E. : To be presented to the churches &amp; General Court for their consideration &amp; acceptance in the Lord, the 8th. month, anno. 1649 (1649; rep. Boston, 1701, by the Second Church), [26], 64, [6] pp. Digital transcription online. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Henry Ware, Two Discourses containing the History of the Old North and New Brick Churches, united as the Second Church in Boston (Boston, 1821), 61 pp. Digital versions at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Catalogue of Books Belonging to the Library of the Second Church, 1832 (Boston, 1832), 17 pp. No digital version available. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Chandler Robbins, A History of the Second Church, or Old North, in Boston: to which is added a History of the New Brick Church (Boston, 1852), viii, 320 pp. Admissions and baptisms on pp. 226-291. Digital versions available at Internet Archive and Google Books. WorldCat (Other Libraries);.
 * Catalogue of Books Belonging to the Library (Boston, 1854), 56 pp. No digital version available. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Jeremiah Colburn, "Marriages in Boston, Mass. from the Original Certificates of the Clergymen Officiating" in New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 34 [1880]: 94-96, for 1701 and 1715.
 * Francis H. Brown, The Historical and Other Records Belonging to the Second Church in Boston ([Boston, 1888]), 12 pp. Digital version available at Hathi Trust. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * George Henry Eager, Historical Sketch of the Second Church in Boston (Boston, 1894), 43 pp. Digital Version available at Internet Archive. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Three Centuries of Christian Church Life, 1649-1949 ([Boston], 1949), 13 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * John Nicholls Booth, The Story of the Second Church in Boston, the original Old North; including the Old North Church Mystery (Boston, 1959), 92 pp. WorldCat (Other Libraries); Not at FHL.
 * Ministers:



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Emigration and immigration
Wiki articles describing online collections are found at:


 * Massachusetts, Boston Passenger Lists, 1820-1891 (FamilySearch Historical Records)
 * Massachusetts, Boston Passenger Lists, 1891-1943 (FamilySearch Historical Records)

Newspapers

 * Newspaperarchive.com ($) has historical newspapers available on-line including Boston City newspapers. Some libraries including the Boston Public Library provide free access to this database.
 * Boston Globe and theBoston Herald obituaries 1953-2010 available from the Boston Public Library.

Notarial records - Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
Early notarial records for the city of Boston were published in volume 32 of the Boston Record Commissioners Reports.


 * Volume 32. A Volume Relating to the Early History of Boston, containing the Aspinwall Notarial Records from 1644 to 1651. Boston: Municipal Printing Office, 1903. (FHL book 974.461 H2b v. 32). Digital version at Internet Archive

Orphans and orphanages

 * Holloran, Peter C. Boston's Waywards Children: Social Services for Homeless Children, 1830-1930. Boston: Northeastern University Press, c1989..

Poorhouses

 * Downer, Lawrence W. "The Indentures of Boston's Poor Apprentices: 1734-1805," The Colonial Society of Massachusetts (Mar. 1962):417-434. Digital version at Primary Research - free.
 * Nellis, Eric and Anne Decker Cecere. ed. The Eighteenth-Century Records of the Boston Overseers of the Poor. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, c2007..

Repositories

Archives
City of Boston Archives 201 Rivermoor Street West Roxbury, Massachusetts 02132 Telephone: 617-635-1195 Fax: 617-635-1194 Email: [mailto:Archives@cityofboston.gov Archives@cityofboston.gov] Hours: Monday-Friday, 9:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. by appointment only Facebook

The National Archives at Boston Frederick C. Murphy Federal Center 380 Trapelo Road Waltham, Massachusetts 02452-6399 Telephone: 781-663-0130 Fax: 781-663-0154 Email: [mailto:boston.archives@nara.gov boston.archives@nara.gov]

Libraries
Boston Public Library 700 Boylston Street Boston, Massachusetts 02116 Telephone: 617-536-5400 Email: [mailto:ask@bpl.org ask@bpl.org] Facebook

Congregational Library 14 Beacon Street, 2nd Floor Boston, Massachusetts 02108 Telephone: 617-523-0470 Fax: 617-523-0491 Email: [mailto:circ@14beacon.org circ@14beacon.org]

The Congregational Library has an impressive collection of records documenting the history of American Congregationalism for the last 300 years. Equally impressive is their collection of New England local, town, and family histories. They also have a strong collection of published Massachusetts vital records. Congregational church records include membership lists, dismissals, baptisms, marriages, minutes of meetings, etc.

Societies
New England Historic Genealogical Society 101 Newbury Street Boston, Massachusetts 02116-3007 Telephone: 617-536-5740 Fax: 617-536-7307 Email: [mailto:info@nehgs.org info@nehgs.org] Website: www.americanancestors.org

The New England Historic Genealogical Society (NEHGS) has a substantial collection of published New England genealogies and local histories. They also have a strong microform collection that contains copies of original town, probate, land, and vital records; censuses; city directories; and immigration records for most of the New England states and neighboring Canadian provinces. Their manuscript department, which is open only to members, houses over 2 million manuscript items. Some of the items date to the late fourteenth century. Much of the collection emphasizes the New England area. Included in the collection are thousands of unpublished family histories and genealogies, bibles and bible records, church, cemetery, town, and vital records, maps, photographs, etc.

Massachusetts Historical Society 1154 Boylston Street Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Telephone: 617-646-0532 Fax: 617-859-0074 Email: [mailto:library@masshist.org library@masshist.org]

Websites

 * Family History Library Catalog for the City of Boston