Indigenous Peoples of Missouri

Missouri's name comes from the Missouri Indian Tribe. "Missouri" means "Town of the large canoes"

Tribes and Bands of Missouri
The following list of American Indians who have lived in Missouri has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians... and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

Caddo, Chickamauga, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Dakota, Delaware, Foxes, Illinois, Iowa, Kansa, Kickapoo, Missouri, Northern Cherokee, Omaha, Osage, Oto, Quapaw, Sauk, Shawnee

Sac White River Band = Chickamauga Cherokee Nation

Reservations
Many of the reservations in Washington are small, with one agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs having responsibilities for the tribes residing on several reservations. Most of the records kept by the federal government about the tribes will be found in the appropriate agency.

From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America, the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America , and other sources. Those reservations named in bold are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Missouri.

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Agencies were created as an administrative division of the federal government to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.


 * Great Nemaha Agency
 * Ioway Subagency
 * Kickapoo Agency
 * Miami Agency
 * Upper Missouri Agency

Reference


 * Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc., 1974. (Family History Library book 970.1 H551)

Family History Library

 * Chickamauga Tribal Enrollment 6 films Family History Library 1st film 1597952
 * St. Louise Superintendency

See Also:
Missouri-History for a calendar listing date of importance to American Indians

Missouri-Military for a list of forts