Finland Maps

Maps are an important source in locating the places your ancestors lived. They help you see the neighboring towns and geographic features of the area your ancestor came from. Maps locate places, parishes, geographical features, transportation routes, and proximity to other towns. Historical maps are especially useful for understanding boundary changes.

Maps are published individually or as atlases. An atlas is a bound collection of maps. Maps may also be included in gazetteers, guidebooks, local histories, and other history texts.

Different types of maps can help you in different ways. Historical atlases describe the growth and development of countries. They show boundaries, migration routes, settlement patterns, military campaigns, and other historical information. Road atlases are useful because of the detail they provide. Other types of maps include parish maps, county atlases, and topographical maps. City street-maps are extremely helpful when researching in large cities such as Helsinki, Tampere, and Turku.

For maps of counties and provinces, see Finland Map of Provinces, Finland Map 1939, or Finland Map 1960.

Using Maps
Use maps carefully for the following reasons:
 * Several places often have the same name. For example, two parishes are called Pyhäjärvi in present-day Finland and a third one used to be in the former Viipuri County.
 * Many place-names have both Finnish and Swedish names. For example, the same city is called Turku in Finnish and Åbo in Swedish. The names and spellings of some places may have changed since your ancestors lived there. For example, the city currently known as Loviisa was previously known as Degerby.
 * Place-names are often misspelled in American sources. Difficult names may have been shortened and important diacritical marks omitted.
 * Political boundaries are not clearly indicated on all maps.

Finding the Specific Place on the Map
To do successful research in Finland, you must identify the place your ancestor lived. Because many places have the same name, you may need some additional information before you can locate the correct place on a map. You will be more successful if you have some information about the place. Before using a map, search gazetteers, histories, family records, and other sources to learn all you can about:
 * The county [lääni/län] your ancestor came from.
 * The parish [seurakunta/socken, församling] where your ancestor was baptized or married.
 * Towns where related ancestors lived.
 * The occupation of your ancestor or his or her relatives. (This may indicate the size or industries of the town.)

It may also be helpful to know:
 * The size of the town.
 * Nearby localities, such as large cities.
 * Nearby features, such as rivers and mountains.
 * Industries in the area.
 * Other names the town was called.

Parish boundary maps can also be helpful when determining which parish church records to search. They can help you identify neighboring parishes if you need to search through the various parishes in a given region.

Finding Maps and Atlases
Collections of maps and atlases are available at many historical societies and public and university libraries. Additionally, maps are available from the Family History Library, commercial and government sources, and online.

The Family History Library
The Family History Library has several excellent Finnish maps and atlases. These are listed in the Locality Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:


 * FINLAND- MAPS
 * FINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH/CITY] - MAPS

The following map is useful for genealogists because it shows many of the smaller localities:


 * Suomi yleiskartta: Finland Generalkarta (Finland General Map). Helsinki: Maanmittaushallitus, 1950..

This map has been published in several editions. The prewar editions included the areas ceded to the Soviet Union. The various editions of this map show the location of many farms. The text is quite small, and no locality indexes are available. Some of these editions are available at the Family History Library and may be available at public libraries.

Other helpful atlases and maps at the Family History Library are:


 * Choquette, Margarita, Lee Choquette, and Matthew Russell. Parish and County Listing with Maps of Finland. Salt Lake City: Corp. of the President, 1991. ;.
 * Fennia: Suuri Suomi-Kartasto: Kartverk över Finland: Finland in Maps: Finnischer Atlas. Helsinki: W+G, 1979..

An excellent national historical atlas is:
 * Jutikkala, Eino. Suomen historian kartasto: Atlas of Finnish History. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö (WSOY), 1949. ;

One atlas that has reference information in separate volumes in Finnish, Swedish, and English and includes several maps is:
 * Suomen kartasto, 1925: Atlas of Finland, 1925: Atlas över Finland, 1925. Helsinki: Otava, 1925–29..

National Land Survey / Maanmittauslaitos
The National Land Survey of Finland (NLS) / Maanmittauslaitos (MML) is responsible for Finland’s cadastral system and other mapping assignments. The first systematic survey of Finland was conducted in 1633. The NLS has 21 district offices and seven national operations and has detailed information and map surveys showing property boundaries. Images of old printed maps and Karelian maps are available online. They also have an interactive map service called Karttapaikka.

Online Sources

 * Historical Maps on the Finnish National Archives Website at: http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?amtun=11231.KA
 * The National Library of Finland has published a collection of historical maps dating from the 16th century to the 1900s at Maps and Atlases of Finland
 * Toimittanut I. Uschakoff, A Reference Map of Finland (Weilin &amp; Göös, 1898); reproduced online by Pauli Kruhse, History of Finland (http://www.histdoc.net/uscha/ : accessed 24 October 2008). In Finnish (for the time being) with an English help page. "The indexes and accurate maps include, in addition to standard contents, sites for industrial enterprises, prominent farms etc."