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England Hertfordshire  St Albans

Guide to St Albans, Hertfordshire history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
St Albans is a city in Hertfordshire, England, and the major urban area in the City and District of St Albans. It lies east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, about 20 miles (32 km) north-northwest of central London, 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-southeast of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travelers heading north, and it became the Roman city of Verulamium. It is a historic market town.

There was an Iron Age settlement known as Verulamium, Verlamion, or Verlamio, near the site of the present city, the center of Tasciovanus' power and a major center of the Catuvellauni from about 20 BC until shortly after the Roman invasion of AD 43. The name "Verulamium" is Celtic, meaning "settlement over or by the marsh". The town was on Prae Hill, 2 km to the west of modern St Albans, now covered by the village of St. Michael's, Verulamium Park and the Gorhambury Estate. It is believed that the tribal capital was moved to the site by Tasciovanus (around 25 to 5 BC). Cunobelinus may have constructed Beech Bottom Dyke, a defensive earthwork near the settlement whose significance is uncertain.

The Roman city of Verulamium, the second-largest town in Roman Britain after Londinium, developed from the Celtic settlement, and was granted the rank of municipium around AD 50, meaning that its citizens had what were known as "Latin Rights", a lesser citizenship status than a colonia possessed. It grew to a significant town, and as such received the attentions of Boudica of the Iceni in 61, when Verulamium was sacked and burnt on her orders. Archaeologists have recorded a black ash layer, thus confirming the Roman written record. It grew steadily and by the early 3rd century, it covered an area of about 125 acres (0.51 km2), behind a deep ditch and wall. Verulamium contained a forum, basilica and a theater, much of which were damaged during two fires, one in 155 and the other in around 250. One of the few extant Roman inscriptions in Britain is found on the remnants of the forum.

After the Roman withdrawal the town became the center of the territory or regio of the Anglo-Saxon Waeclingas tribe.

St Albans Abbey and the associated Anglo-Saxon settlement were founded on the hill outside the Roman city where it was believed St Alban was buried. An archaeological excavation in 1978, directed by Martin Biddle, failed to find Roman remains on the site of the medieval chapter house.[12] As late as the eighth century the Saxon inhabitants of St Albans nearby were aware of their ancient neighbour, which they knew alternatively as Verulamacæstir or, under what H. R. Loyn terms "their own hybrid", Vaeclingscæstir, "the fortress of the followers of Wæcla", possibly a pocket of British-speakers remaining separate in an increasingly Saxonised area.

The medieval town grew on the hill to the east of Wæclingacaester where the Benedictine Abbey of St Albans was founded by Ulsinus in 793. There is some evidence that the original site was higher up the hill than the present building, which was begun in 1077. St Albans Abbey was the principal abbey medieval in England. The scribe Matthew Paris lived there and the first draft of Magna Carta was drawn up there. It became a parish church after the dissolution of the Benedictine abbey in 1539 and was made a cathedral in 1877.

St Albans School was founded in AD 948. Matthew Paris was educated there and it is the only school in the English-speaking world to have educated a Pope (Adrian IV). Now a public school it has, since 1871, occupied a site to the west of the Abbey and includes the 14th-century Abbey Gateway. One of its buildings was a hat factory, a link with the city's industrial past.

On Abbey Mill Lane, the road between the Abbey and the school, are the palaces of the Bishops of St Albans and Hertford and Ye Olde Fighting Cocks, claimed to be the oldest pub in England. Between 1403 and 1412 Thomas Wolvey was engaged to build a clock tower in the Market Place. It is the only extant medieval town belfry in England.[citation needed] The original bell, named for the Archangel Gabriel sounds F-natural and weighs one ton. Gabriel sounded at 4 am for the Angelus and at 8 or 9 pm for the curfew.

Before the 20th century St Albans was a rural market town, a Christian pilgrimage site, and the first coaching stop of the route to and from London, accounting for its numerous old inns. Victorian St Albans was small and had little industry. Its population grew more slowly than London, 8–9% per decade between 1801 and 1861, compared to the 31% per decade growth of London in the same period. The railway arrived relatively late, in 1858. In 1869 the extension of the city boundaries was opposed by the Earl of Verulam and many of the townsfolk, but there was rapid expansion and much building at the end of the century, and between 1891 and 1901 the population grew by 37%.

Except for some significant growth due to the electronics Industry, St Albans has become largely a bedroom city for London.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Hatfield Road Cemetery


 * 178 Hatfield Rd
 * St Albans AL1 4LU

St Peter's Graveyard


 * 62 St Peter's St
 * St Albans AL1 3HG

Willow Haven Cemetery


 * East Lane
 * Abbots Langley WD5 0QG
 * Phone: +44 1923 263536

Garden of Peace Cemetery


 * 178 Hatfield Rd
 * St Albans AL1 4JS

Garden of Rest Cemetery


 * St Albans AL4 0BE

Parishes
St Luke's


 * St Lukes Vicarage
 * 46 Cell Barnes Ln
 * St Albans AL1 5QJ
 * Phone: +44 1727 865399

St Luke's, Bricket Wood


 * The Crescent
 * Bricket Wood
 * St Albans AL2 3NF
 * Phone: +44 1923 676401

St Mark's


 * Church Ln
 * Colney Heath
 * St Albans AL4 0NH
 * Phone: +44 1727 825175

St Julian's


 * 3 Abbots Ave
 * St Albans AL1 2HY

St Albans' Cathedral


 * St Albans AL1 1BY
 * Phone: +44 1727 860780

St Mary's


 * 49 Hemel Hempstead Rd
 * Redbourn
 * St Albans AL3 7NL
 * Phone: +44 1582 791669

St Paul's


 * 33 St.Pauls Pl
 * Hatfield Rd
 * St Albans AL1 4JW
 * Phone: +44 1727 846281

St Paul's City Center


 * Blandford Rd
 * St Albans AL1 4JP
 * Phone: +44 1727 846281

St Stephen's


 * 14 Watling St
 * St Albans AL1 2PX
 * Phone: +44 1727 862598

St Michael's


 * St Michael's St
 * St Albans AL3 4SS
 * Phone: +44 1727 835037

St Saviour's


 * 25 Sandpit La
 * St Albans AL1 4DF
 * Phone: +44 1727 851526

Non Conformists

 * Baptist
 * Church of Christ
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Community Church
 * Cornerstone Church
 * Destiny Church
 * Methodist
 * Pentecostal
 * Roman Catholic
 * Russian Orthodox
 * Salvation Army
 * Seventh Day Adventist
 * The Vineyard Church

Additionally the following non-Christian groups have assemblies in the region of Glasgow:


 * Baha'i
 * Buddhist
 * Hindu
 * Jewish
 * Muslim
 * Sikh

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths records have been kept by the UK government since July 1837 to the present day. Prior to that, local parishes of the Episcopal Church, as well as the Church of Scotland and local branches of other faiths, were the only repositories of this information.


 * ukbmd.org: Lanarkshire Records


 * National Records of Scotland, BMD


 * bmd certificates.org: Glasgow office

Local Histories

 * localhistories.org: A History of Glasgow


 * The Glasgow Story


 * Glasgow A History by Michael Meighan


 * Great Glasgow Stories by John Burrowes


 * Glasgow; A History of the City by Michael Fry

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Michelin Maps: Glasgow


 * oldmapsonline: Glasgow


 * Glasgowguide.co.uk: Glasgow map


 * Gazetteers of Scotland: Glasgow


 * visionofbritain: Glasgow Gazetteer

Newspapers

 * The Scotsman


 * The Evening Times


 * The Herald, Scotland

Occupations
Glasgow has experienced major economic growth and development in recent years, bolstered by careful planning, a growing and young population, and business growth in high-tech and service sectors.

Launched in 2016, the current Economic Strategy is building on this success and aiming to make Glasgow the most productive major city economy in the UK by 2023. This will be achieved by creating the conditions for growth and supporting residents to take advantage of the opportunities this will create.

Within this framework, Glasgow looks to attract the right mix of business, productivity, innovation and investment to the city and building on its excellent infrastructure to be one of the most diverse and forward-thinking cities in Europe while being globally competitive in a number of sectors:


 * Creative Industries
 * Digital Technology
 * Engineering Design & Advanced Manufacturing
 * Finance & Business Services
 * Health & Life Sciences
 * Higher and Further Education
 * Low Carbon footprint technology
 * Tourism & Events

Glasgow also has the third highest GDP Per capita of any city in the UK (after London and Edinburgh). The city itself sustains more than 410,000 jobs in over 12,000 companies. Over 153,000 jobs were created in the city between 2000 and 2005 – a growth rate of 32% and this has continued for the next decade. Glasgow's annual economic growth rate of 4.4% is now second only to that of London.

Glasgow has improved its employment rate significantly, reaching its highest ever employment rate in 2016 of 67.3%. Glasgow’s Economic Strategy plans to maintain or exceed the city’s employment rate at the national Scottish average over the period 2017-2023. This will be achieved by taking advantage of underused talent in Glasgow and increasing the skills base.

Societies

 * Glasgow and West of Scotland Family History Society


 * Lanarkshire Family History Society


 * Glasgow Family History


 * old Glasgow Club History Group

Archives

 * The National Archives: Glasgow City


 * glasgowlife: Archives


 * University of Glagow; Archives


 * scottisharchives.org.uk: Glasgow

Web Sites

 * wikipedia; Glasgow


 * Glasgow City Council


 * North Lanarkshire County Council