Step-by-Step North Carolina Research, 1850-1910

Step 1: Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.
Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.

What are the best questions to ask?
In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :
 * 50 Questions to Ask Relatives About Family History


 * Creating Oral Histories

What documents should be collected or copied?
Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.

Step 2: Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.
Example of a census record.
 * A census is a count and description of the population for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day.
 * For each person living in a household (depending on the year), their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were a veteran of the military can be listed.
 * Searching for a family in census records every ten years can identify all the children in a family.
 * Searching in earlier census records to find someone as a child can identify parents.





Look for ancestors in as many censuses as possible. Use the clues from each census for hints where to find families in both earlier and later census records.
- For more information, see North Carolina Census and United States Census.

Step 3: Try to find additional details in death certificates, Social Security, obituary and cemetery records online.
When a person dies, several records will be created: death certificates, Social Security records, obituaries, and cemetery records.
 * Death certificates can give birth information for people born before actual birth registration began. Death certificates frequently give the birth date and place, parents' names, and birth places of parents.


 * The Social Security Death Index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits. The index entries give the person's full birth date, last known residence, and residence at the time they first enrolled.


 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index provides information filed in the application or claims process, including valuable details such as birth date, birth place, and parents’ names.


 * Cemetery records can be as simple as the information on the headstone or, in some FindAGrave records, they can report more thorough information about birth, parents, spouses, children, and siblings.



Death Indexes

 * Online North Carolina Death Records &amp; Indexes by county
 * North Carolina, Birth and Death Indexes, 1800-2000 ($)
 * Index and images. Also at American Ancestors ($);Findmypast; MyHeritage ($)
 * North Carolina, Death Indexes, 1908-2004 ($)
 * North Carolina, Death Certificates, 1906-1976 Index and images. ($)
 * Index only. Also at Findmypast, ($), index, and MyHeritage, ($), index
 * Index only. Also at Findmypast, ($), index, and MyHeritage, ($), index

Writing for Full Death Certificates
The full original certificate will contain information not contained in the index. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates, particularly for direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents, etc).
 * Where to Write for North Carolina Birth, Marriage, Death and Divorce Records

U.S. Social Security Records

 * The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
 * The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
 * You can search these records online at
 * Also at Ancestry.com, ($), index.
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off, by providing information filed in the application or claims process.
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off, by providing information filed in the application or claims process.


 * If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.

Obituary Collections

 * Online North Carolina Death Records &amp; Indexes by county
 * ObitsArchive
 * Obituary Links
 * North Carolina Obituaries
 * 1980-2014 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images

Cemetery Record Collections

 * Find-A-Grave.com
 * at FamilySearch - How to Use This Collection
 * U.S., Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current at Ancestry
 * Billion Graves
 * at FamilySearch - How to Use This Collection
 * BillionGraves Index at Findmypast ($)
 * at FamilySearch How to Use This Collection
 * at FamilySearch How to Use This Record; Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * North Carolina, Cemetery Survey Records aka the WPA Survey Records at North Carolina Digital Collections
 * Cemeteries of North Carolina at Cemetery Census
 * North Carolina Cemetery Records at AccessGenealogy
 * North Carolina Cemetery Records at Interment
 * North Carolina Tombstone Transcription Project at USGenWeb Transcription Project
 * Online North Carolina Obituary and Cemetery Indexes at DeathIndexes

For more information, see North Carolina Obituaries and North Carolina Cemeteries.

Step 4: Search for county birth and marriage records online.
'''Vital records registration of births and marriages at the state level started in 1913. Prior to that the individual counties kept some records. The starting dates of those records vary from county to county, depending on when the county was formed.'''

Online Records
Births Marriages
 * North Carolina, Birth Indexes, 1800-2000 ($)
 * Index only.
 * Index only.
 * North Carolina Marriage Project, index
 * North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868 Abstracts ($)
 * North Carolina, Marriage Collection, 1741-2004 Abstracts($)
 * Index only.
 * Index and images. Incomplete.
 * — index and images
 * North Carolina Marriage Records, 1741-2011. Index and images ($)
 * — index and images

Records at the County Courthouse.
These records were originally created by county clerks, and then copies were sent to the state. County clerks can be willing to help find all the birth records for one family or perform other searches that the state would not do. To contact county clerks by e-mail or telephone, go to the Wiki article for each county. Links to the county Wiki articles are found at the end of this page or by clicking here: North Carolina Counties.

For more information on birth, marriage, and death records in North Carolina, see How to Find North Carolina Birth Records, How to Find North Carolina Marriage Records, and How to Find North Carolina Death Records.

Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards.
There are many different types of military records: draft records, enlistment records, service records, pension records, etc. Information in military records can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information. - Example of a World War I draft card. - Example of a World War II draft card.



'''Search the World War I and World War II Draft Collections for male relatives.
- For more information and additional collections, see North Carolina Military Records.
 * , index and images.
 * , index and images.

Step 6: Look for church records.
Church records function as vital records. Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration in xxxx.
 * An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
 * Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
 * Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.



FamilySearch Indexes

 * 1700-1970 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1866-1964 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1759-1979 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1898-1994 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

 * 1843-1925 North Carolina, L.D.S. baptisms card index, 1843-1925.

Lutheran

 * 1781-1969 - U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Church Records, 1781-1969, index and images, incomplete.($)

Quakers (Society of Friends

 * Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy. Vol. I: (North Carolina Yearly Meeting)
 * 1681-1935 U.S., Quaker Meeting Records, 1681-1935, index & images ($). Incomplete.

Step 7: Search for online wills and probate packets.

 * County probate records include '''probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
 * In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
 * Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.

Search these indexes and images for probate records.

 * North Carolina, Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, ($), index and images, incomplete.
 * An Abstract of North Carolina Wills ($)
 * North Carolina Wills Index only ($)
 * North Carolina Wills and Inventories Transcripts ($)
 * Abstract of North Carolina Wills Compiled from Original and Recorded Wills in the Office of the Secretary of State. By John Bryan Grimes. 1910. Online at: Internet Archive, Google Books, Eastern North Carolina Digital Library.
 * North Carolina wills and inventories copied from original and recorded wills and inventories in the office of the secretary of state. By J. Bryan Grimes, secretary of state. 1912. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library, Internet Archive, Eastern North Carolina Digital Library, USGenWeb Archives.
 * Index and image, incomplete.
 * Images only.
 * , images/no index

Probate Information in County Wiki Articles
Each North Carolina county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: North Carolina Counties

For more information, see North Carolina Probate Records and United States Probate Records.

Step 8: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.
The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step.



North Carolina Immigration Records

 * United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records
 * Index and images.] Also at Findmypast, ($), index
 * Alien Registration and Naturalization, images
 * North Carolina, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1958-1963, index ($)

North Carolina Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records

 * United States Naturalization and Citizenship Online Genealogy Records
 * North Carolina, Naturalization Records, 1872-1996 ($)
 * Selected U.S. Naturalization Records - District Courts in the Southeast, 1790-1958 – covers Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee ($)
 * Alien, Naturalization and Citizenship Records, images, NC Digital Collection

For more information, see North Carolina Emigration and Immigration and North Carolina Naturalization and Citizenship.

Step 9: Search land records online.
These records will give the They can contain clues to
 * names of the buyer (grantee) and seller (grantor),
 * previous or new residence of the parties to the deed
 * the date they obtained the land,
 * the description of exact location of the land, sometimes mentioning neighbors.
 * family members who shared ownership of the land,
 * sold or gave land to a child, or
 * officially witnessed the sale.

Search for any ancestor's land records.

 * United States Wills and Deeds Experimental Search: North Carolina
 * NC Land Grant Images and Data at State Archives of North Carolina
 * North Carolina Digital Collections Enter "Deeds" in search field.
 * Early North Carolina/Tennessee Land Grants at the Tennessee State Library and Archives
 * This Land is Our Land! Tennessee's Disputes with North Carolina, by Gale Williams Bamman, at TNGenWeb

For more information, see North Carolina Land and Property and United States Land and Property.

Local Histories

 * Published histories of towns, counties, and states sometimes contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
 * Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories: North Carolina; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
 * Google Books. Use keywords "North Carolina" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
 * Family History Books
 * County and Town Histories:*Internet Archive.Use keywords "North Carolina" and the county name.
 * Ancestry.com, ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use North Carolina and the name of the county.

FamilySearch Collected Local Histories

 * Local histories are extensively collected by the FamilySearch Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies.
 * If you have access to the FamilySearch Library or a FamilySearch center, you can find local histories by:
 * Go to the FamilySearch Catalog.
 * In the "Place" field, type the name of your county and click "Search".
 * A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, or History - Indexes.

Biography Collections
These collections of biographies can be searched online. Most have a table of contents and an index. Or use the "Find" function on a computer.
 * North Carolina Digital Collection - Books on North Carolina Families
 * North Carolina County and Town Histories with biographies
 * Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press
 * North Carolina, the Old North State and the new, Vol. 1 and 2, ($), index/images. Also at HathiTrust, no charge/no index Vol. 3, Vol. 4Vol. 5
 * History of North Carolina, ($), index/images
 * History of North Carolina, Biography...Vol. 4, Vol. 5, Vol. 6, e-books
 * Biographical history of North Carolina from colonial times to the present, Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, Vol. 4, Vol. 5, Vol. 6,Vol. 7, Vol. 8,
 * Sketches of North Carolina, historical and biographical, illustrative of the principles of a portion of her early settlers
 * Prominent people of North Carolina: brief biographies of leading people for ready reference purposes, 1906
 * Reminiscences and memoirs of North Carolina and eminent North Carolinians. Also at: Internet Archive

Step 11: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.
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 * Historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
 * Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
 * Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the area.
 * Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia.
 * Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia.


 * Find the society on the internet, and they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, one of their members can be hired to search the collection for you.

This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings. Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society.

Historical Images
Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.
 * North Carolina, United States Historical Images, New Version
 * North Carolina, United States Historical Images, Old Version

North Carolina Online Genealogy Records
Search any other online records listed in North Carolina Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the North Carolina Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.
 * North Carolina Online Genealogy Records

Step 13: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in North Carolina.
This article focused more on North Carolina state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in North Carolina. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.