Step-by-Step Minnesota Research, 1850-1910

Step 1: Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.
Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.

What are the best questions to ask?
In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :


 * 50 Questions to Ask Relatives About Family History at ThoughtCo.com
 * Creating Oral Histories at FamilySearch Wiki

What documents should be collected or copied?
Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.

Step 2: Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.
Example of a census record.
 * A census is a count and description of the population for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day.
 * For each person living in a household (depending on the year), their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were a veteran of the military can be listed.
 * Searching for a family in census records every ten years can identify all the children in a family.
 * Searching in earlier census records to find someone as a child can identify parents.





Minnesota State Censuses


- For more information, see Minnesota Census and United States Census.

Step 3: Try to find additional details in death certificates, Social Security, obituary and cemetery records online.
When a person dies, several records will be created: death certificates, Social Security records, obituaries, and cemetery records.
 * Death certificates can give birth information for people born before actual birth registration began. Death certificates frequently give the birth date and place, parents' names, and birth places of parents.


 * The Social Security Death Index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits. The index entries give the person's full birth date, last known residence, and residence at the time they first enrolled.


 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index provides information filed in the application or claims process, including valuable details such as birth date, birth place, and parents’ names.


 * Cemetery records can be as simple as the information on the headstone or, in some FindAGrave records, they can report more thorough information about birth, parents, spouses, children, and siblings.

Death Indexes

 * 1835-1990 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1866-1916 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1887-2001 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1904-2001 Minnesota, Death Index, 1904-2001 at MyHeritage — index & images ($)
 * 1908-2002 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1908-2017 Minnesota, U.S., Death Index, 1908-2017 at Ancestry — index($)
 * Online Minnesota Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index

Writing for Full Death Certificates
The full original certificate will contain information not contained in the index. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates, particularly for direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents, etc).
 * Where to Write for Minnesota Birth, Marriage, Death and Divorce Records at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.gov

U.S. Social Security Records

 * The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
 * The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
 * You can search these records online at


 * 1935-2014 U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1936-2007 U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 at Ancestry — index ($); Picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off by providing information filed in the application or claims process
 * 1962-2014 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index


 * If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.

Obituaries

 * Dalby Database Obituaries at DalbyData — index
 * Fargo Forum Obituary Indexat North Dakota State University Archives — index; covers Northwestern Minnesota
 * Minnesota Genealogy Data at Genealogy Buff — index
 * Minnesota Obituaries at ObitsArchive.com — index & images ($)
 * Minnesota USGenWeb Obituary Project at USGenWeb Archives — index
 * Online Minnesota Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index

Cemeteries

 * 1900-1999 Web: Minnesota, U.S., Cemetery Index, 1900-1999 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1949-1969 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * BillionGraves — index & images
 * at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Findmypast ($)
 * FindaGrave — index & images
 * at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * Minnesota Cemeteries at USGenWeb Tombstones — index
 * Minnesota Cemetery Inscription Index, Select Counties at Ancestry — index ($)
 * Minnesota Cemetery Records at AccessGenealogy — index
 * Minnesota Death Records and Minnesota Cemetery Records at Interment.net — index
 * Minnesota Gravestone Photo Project at Minnesota Gravestones — index & images
 * Online Minnesota Obituary and Cemetery Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index

For more information, see Minnesota Obituaries and Minnesota Cemeteries.

Step 4: Search for county birth and marriage records online.
'''Vital records registration of births at the state level started in 1900, and marriage records were only kept at the county level. Counties also kept some earlier birth records. The starting dates of those records vary from county to county, depending on when the county was formed.'''

Online Records
Births Marriages
 * 1840-1980 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index; Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * 1849-2001 Minnesota People Records Search at Minnesota Historical Society — index
 * 1863-1983 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1900-1934 Web: Minnesota, U.S., Birth Index, 1900-1934 at Ancestry — index ($); Also at: MyHeritage ($), Minnesota Historical Society
 * 1935-2000 Minnesota, U.S., Birth Index, 1935-2000 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1935-2002 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1849-1950 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index; Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * 1850-2019 Web: Minnesota, U.S., Marriages from the Minnesota Official Marriage System, 1850-2019 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1860-1949 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1958-2001 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images; Also at: Ancestry ($)
 * 1976-2003 Minnesota, Marriages, 1976 - 2003 at MyHeritage — index & images ($)
 * Pre-2014 Minnesota Official Marriage System Search at Minnesota Official Marriage System — index

Records at the County Courthouse.
These records were originally created by county clerks, and then copies were sent to the state. County clerks can be willing to help find all the birth records for one family or perform other searches that the state would not do. To contact county clerks by e-mail or telephone, go to the Wiki article for each county. Links to the county Wiki articles are found at the end of this page or by clicking here: Minnesota Counties.

For more information on birth, marriage, and death records in Minnesota, see How to Find Minnesota Birth Records, How to Find Minnesota Marriage Records, and How to Find Minnesota Death Records.

Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards.
There are many different types of military records: draft records, enlistment records, service records, pension records, etc. Information in military records can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information. - Example of a World War I draft card.



Example of a World War II draft card and enlistment record.

'''Search the World War I and World War II Draft Collections for male relatives.
- For more information and additional collections, see Minnesota Military Records.
 * 1917-1918 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1942 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images

Step 6: Look for church records online.
Church records function as vital records. Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration.
 * An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
 * Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
 * Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.

'''Example of a church baptism record. Notice that two dates are recorded. The first is the birth date, and the second is the christening/baptism date.'''



FamilySearch Indexes

 * 1798-1991 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1835-1990 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1840-1980 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
 * 1849-1950 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index

Ancestry.com Indexes

 * 1840-1980 Minnesota, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1849-1950 Minnesota, U.S., Marriages Index, 1849-1950 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * 1889-1917 New York, U.S., Frank S. Rowland Church Register, 1889-1917 at Ancestry — images ($)

Dutch Reformed

 * 1639-1989 U.S., Dutch Reformed Church Records in Selected States, 1639-1989 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1701-1995 U.S., Selected States Dutch Reformed Church Membership Records, 1701-1995 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Membership Records, 1856-1970 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Vital Records, 1856-1970 at Ancestry — index & images ($)

Lutheran

 * 1781-1969 U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Church Records, 1781-1969 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1800-1947 U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Swedish American Church Records, 1800-1947 at Ancestry — index & images ($)

Presbyterian

 * 1701-1970 U.S., Presbyterian Church Records, 1701-1970 at Ancestry — index & images ($)

Quaker (Society of Friends)

 * Quaker Records : Wisconsin, Minnesota and South Dakota Monthly Meetings, by Society of Friends. n.p.: n.p., n.d. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library

Other Collections

 * Early Minnesota Church Records, 1856-1913, by Lovell K. Lovett. n.p.:n.p., n.d. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library

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 * For help with church records kept in Minnesota, see Minnesota Church Records.
 * To search records by denomination, if you know your ancestors religion, go to Searching for Church Records by Denomination.

Step 7: Search for online wills and probate packets.

 * County probate records include '''probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
 * In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
 * Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.



Search these indexes and images for probate records.

 * 1801-1925 Minnesota, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1801-1925 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1849-1985 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index

Probate Information in County Wiki Articles
Each Minnesota county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: Minnesota Counties

For more information, see Minnesota Probate Records and United States Probate Records.

Step 8: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.
The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step. There is a full-length original naturalization record that this index reports.  Clicking on the URL gives a link to ordering this original.



Minnesota Immigration Records

 * United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records


 * 1862-1868 Index of Wagon Train Emigrants From Minnesota to Montana at WikiTree — index
 * 1918 Web: Minnesota, U.S., Alien Registration Index, 1918 at Ancestry — index & images ($); Also at: Iron Range Research Center
 * 1922-1958 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images

Minnesota Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records

 * 1854-1957 Minnesota, U.S., Naturalization Records Index, 1854-1957 at Ancestry — index; Also at: Iron Range Research Center
 * 1896-1989 Minnesota, U.S., Federal Naturalization Records, 1896-1989 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * 1918 Web: Minnesota, U.S., Alien Registration Index, 1918 at Ancestry — index ($); Also at: Iron Range Research Center
 * 1930-1988 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images; Also at: Ancestry ($), MyHeritage ($)

Step 9: Search land records online.
These records will give the They can contain clues to
 * names of the buyer (grantee) and seller (grantor),
 * previous or new residence of the parties to the deed
 * the date they obtained the land,
 * the description of exact location of the land, sometimes mentioning neighbors.
 * family members who shared ownership of the land,
 * sold or gave land to a child, or
 * officially witnessed the sale.

Search for any ancestor's land records.

 * See United States Land and Property for more databases and resources.


 * 1788-Current U.S. Land Patent Search at Bureau of Land Management — index
 * 1800-1955 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1861-1932 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
 * 1863-1908 U.S., Homestead Records, 1863-1908 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * Pre-1908 Land Patents - Minnesota at MyHeritage — index ($)
 * Pre-1908 Minnesota, U.S., Homestead and Cash Entry Patents, Pre-1908 at Ancestry — index ($)
 * Putting Family History in Its Places at HistoryGeo.com — index & images ($)
 * Survey Plats and Field Notes at Bureau of Land Management — index

For more information, see Minnesota Land and Property and United States Land and Property.

Local histories

 * Published histories of towns, counties, and states usually contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
 * Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories:
 * Hathi Trust Digital Library. Don't use the keywords Minnesota; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
 * Google Books. Use keywords "Minnesota" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
 * Family History Books
 * Internet Archive. Use keywords "Minnesota" and the county name.
 * Genealogy Book Links, Minnesota. Browse list; county histories are interspersed.
 * Ancestry.com ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use Minnesota and the name of the county.


 * Local histories are extensively collected by the FamilySearch Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies. If you have access to the FamilySearch Library or a FamilySearch center, you can find out about local histories the library has by checking the FamilySearch Catalog. In the "place" field, type the name of your county and select it from the drop down list, then click "Search". A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, and History - Indexes.

Biographies
These collections of biographies can be searched online. Most have a table of contents and an index. Or use the "Find" function on a computer.


 * 1915 Minnesota History and Biography, 1915 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
 * Compendium of History and Biography of Central and Northern Minnesota, Chicago: Geo. A, Ogle and Co., 1904. Online at: HathiTrust
 * Encyclopedia of Biography of Minnesota, by Flandrau, Charles E. Chicago: Century Publishing and Engraving Company, 1900. Online at: HathiTrust
 * Memorial Record of Southwestern Minnesota, Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1897. Online at: HathiTrust
 * Minnesota Biographies, 1655-1912, Volume 14, by Upham, Warren and Rose Barteau Dunlap. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, 1912. Online at: HathiTrust
 * Minnesota Pioneer Sketches, by O'Brien, Frank. Minneapolis, Minn. : H.H.S. Rowell, 1904. Online at: Internet Archive
 * The Book of Minnesotans, by Marquis, Albert Nelson. Chicago: A. N. Marquis and Company, 1907. Online at: HathiTrust
 * Who's Who Among Minnesota Women, by Foster, Mary Dillon. n.p.: Mary Dillon Foster, 1924. Online at: HathiTrust

Step 11: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.
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 * Historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
 * Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
 * Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the area.
 * Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia.
 * Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia.


 * Find the society on the internet, and they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, one of their members can be hired to search the collection for you.

This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings. Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society.

Historical Images
Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.
 * Minnesota, United States Historical Images, New Version
 * Minnesota, United States Historical Images, Old Version

Minnesota Online Genealogy Records
Search any other online records listed in Minnesota Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the Minnesota Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.
 * Minnesota Online Genealogy Records

Step 13: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in Minnesota.
This article focused more on Minnesota state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in Minnesota. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.