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Tribes Recognized by the Federal Government
There are currently no tribes recognized by the Federal Government in the state of Maryland.

Tribes Recognized by the State of Maryland
Piscataway Indian Nation Piscataway Conoy Tribe

Algonquian Indians on the Western Shore of Maryland
The primary chiefdom of the Piscataway (or Conoy) Indians, consisted of five smaller Indian chiefdoms owing allegiance to the largest, the Piscataway.


 * Anacostians, along the Anacostia River – in what is today Washington, D.C., western Prince Georges County, and Alexandria, Virginia.
 * Piscataway, along the Potomac River from Broad Creek to Piscataway Creek to Pomonkey Creek, in what is now Prince Georges County, Maryland.
 * Mattawomen, located near Mattawomen Creek in Charles County, Maryland and Quantico Creek in Prince William County, Virginia.
 * Nanjemoy, from Mallows Bay on the Potomac River to Nanjemoy Creek in Charles County, Maryland.
 * Potapoco, located along the Port Tobacco River in Charles County, Maryland. They moved in the late 1600s to the Rappahannock River in Virginia.

Two independent Algonquian chiefdoms on the lower Potomac River’s northern shore.


 * Chaptico (also called Cecomocomoco), located along Cuckhold Creek, Wicomico River, and Brenton Bay. After 1707, they seem to have blended into the rest of the population of the area and ceased to exist as a separate tribe or culture.
 * Yoacomaco, located near the St. Mary’s River in 1634.

The Pawtuxent and allied chiefdoms along the shores of the Patuxent River.


 * Pawtuxant, located in today’s Calvert County from Solomon’s Island to Hunting Creek. They migrated upriver in the 1650s and joined with the Chaptico Indians in 1692.
 * Acquintanack, located in what is today St. Mary’s County, from the mouth of the Patuxent River to Swanson Creek. They lost their territory in the 1640s and joined with the Pawtuxants.
 * Mattapanient, located around the Western Branch of the Patuxent River in today’s Prince George’s County.
 * Assacomoco, located along the east shore of the Patuxent River from Hunting Creek in Calvert County to Lyons Creek in Anne Arundel County.

Algonquian Indians on the Eastern Shore of Maryland
The principal chiefdom of the Nanticoke, located along the eastern shore from Pocomoke River to the Sassafras River. They are a southern relative of the Lenni Lenape. A group identifying themselves as Nanticoke remain today, located primarily in Delaware.


 * Assateague, in the area around Asseateaque Bay. They joined with the Pocomoke Indians on a reservation on the Upper Pocomoke River, in what is now Worcester County.
 * Pocomoke, located on the Pocomoke River (called Wighcocomoco by John Smith in 1608) in today’s Somerset and Worcester Counties. They were allied with the Amamesses, the Morumsco, and the Acquiantica Indians.
 * Amamesses, located on the Annemessex River.
 * Morumsco, of Fishing Bay on the Pocomoke River.
 * Acquiantica, of the Pocomoke River.
 * Nanticoke, a large principle chiefdom located on the Nanticoke River in today’s Dorchester, Somerset, and Wicomico Counties. They included the Wicomico, Monie, and Manokin chiefdoms located on the rivers along the lower eastern shore bearing the same names. A copy of a 1758 petition of members of this tribe, published in the Archives of Maryland, is available.

Choptank, whose territory was in today’s Talbot, Dorchester, and Caroline Counties. A listing of Choptanks who sold land in Dorchester County in 1726-1727 is available. They had land granted to them for a reservation, but it was sold by the Maryland government in 1822.

Monoposon and Mataoeake, located on the southern shore of the Chester River in Queen Anne’s County in 1631.

Ozinies, located along the north shore of the Chester River in today’s Kent County. They were defeated by the Maryland colony in the 1660s and were dispersed.

Tockwogh, located on the Sassafras River, in today’s Kent and Cecil Counties. They were allies of the Susquehannock. They were not present after 1634 when Maryland was established.

Shawnee, who migrated to the Susquehanna River in Cecil County in the 1690s, and thence to Allegany County, where they lived until the 1730s.

Iroquoian-Speaking Indians of Maryland
Susquehannock – Their primary location was in the area of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. However, they controlled the lands from the Patapsco River, north on the western shore of Maryland and from the Sassafras River north on the Eastern Shore. They moved to Piscataway Creek in Prince Georges County in 1675. The English drove them out in 1763 and the remaining members of the tribe moved back to Pennsylvania and New York, where they became part of the Six Nation Iroquois Confederation. A good article on the history of the Susquehannock Tribe is available online.

Massawomeck, lived in what is now Allegany County, Maryland and in the states of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. They ceased to be mentioned in historical records after 1635 and their fate is unknown.

Tuscarora, originally from the North Carolina region, they migrated to what is now Frederick County, Maryland around 1720, after losing the Tuscarora War, fought by this tribe and the English colonists of North Carolina. They eventually migrated north to become part of the Six Nation Iroquois Confederation.

Another more simplified way of classifying the tribes of Maryland is detailed in Native American Tribes of Maryland, an online resource for students. That source states that the three main groups were the Nanticoke tribe (including the Piscataway and Conoy), the Powhatan tribe (including the Accohannock), and the Susquehannock tribe.

There may have been other tribes or bands associated with Maryland, as Hodge's Handbook of American Indians... and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America have identified the following as additional tribes in the state – Chicacones, Kittamaqundi, Potomac, and Taocomcoes. These may simply be alternate names of tribes identified earlier in this article.

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