User:Batsondl/Sandbox Alabama

Online Resources
Native American Online Genealogy Records
 * U.S., Ratified Indian Treaties and Chiefs, 1722-1869. Index.
 * U.S., Cherokee Baker Roll and Records, 1924-1929. Index.
 * State of Alabama Indian Affairs Commission
 * Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe of Alabama

Tribes Recognized by the Federal Government

 * Muskogee Creek, Poarch Band of Creek

Tribes Recognized by the State of Alabama
State Recognized Tribes
 * Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians: State of Alabama Indian Affairs Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians, Native American Online, Facebook
 * Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama: State of Alabama Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama, Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama
 * Cherokees of Southeast Alabama: State of Alabama Indian Affairs NCAI Cherokees of Southeast Alabama, Encyclopedia of Alabama, State of Alabama Indian Affairs
 * Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama (I am not sure the difference between Southeast Alabama and Echota Cherokee)
 * Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe of Alabama: Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe of Alabama, Facebook
 * Mowa Band of Choctaw Indians: Mowa Band of Choctaw Indians, UAB Alabama's Lost Tribe
 * Piqua Shawnee Tribe: Piqua Shawnee Tribe
 * Southeastern Mvskoke Nation: Southeastern Mvskoke Nation, Facebook
 * United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation: United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation, The Aniyunwiya Cherokee Indians

Tribes Formally in Alabama

 * Cherokee, including Echota Cherokee, Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama, Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians, and the United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation, Cherokees of Southeast Alabama
 * Chickasaw
 * Choctaw, including the MOWA Band, Mobile Choctaw, and Mukalsa Choctaw
 * Muskogee Creek, including Poarch Band, Yuchi, the Ma-Chis Lower Creek, Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians, and Star Clan of Muskogee Creek
 * Natchez
 * Shawnee Piqua
 * Yuchi

Agency Records
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. The BIA agency for Alabama is the Eastern Regional Office, BIA Among these records are:


 * Allotment records
 * Annuity rolls
 * Census records
 * Correspondence
 * Health records
 * Reports
 * School census and records
 * Vital records

Reservations in Alabama

 * Creek Reservation
 * Poarch Band of Creek - State, under jurisdiction of Choctaw Agency Tribe: Poarch Band of Creek

Alabama Indian Schools
List of Native American Boarding Schools

Alabama Native Americans Historical Background
The word Alabama is from a Choctaw word meaning "thicket-clearer" or vegetation-gatherers." Most American Indians in Alabama were forced to go to the Indian Territory (now a part of Oklahoma) in the 1830s. A few remained in Alabama.

General histories with information about the events involving the American Indians in Alabama are:


 * Pickett, Albert James. History of Alabama and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi, From the Earliest Period. Sheffield, Alabama: R.C. Randolph, 1896. This book gives a chronological history of the events affecting the American Indians to about 1820.
 * Young, Mary Elizabeth. Redskins, Ruffle shirts and Rednecks: Indian Allotments in Alabama and Mississippi 1830–1860. The Civilization of the American Indian Series. Norman. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961. This book describes the opening up and sale of Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek Indian lands until about the 1840s. An excellent bibliography is found at the end of the book.

Four of the Five Civilized Tribes are of Alabama: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek. Some of the records unique to the Five Civilized Tribes are now available on line:


 * Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes Dawes Commission. In 1893 Congress established a commission to exchange Indian tribal lands in the southeastern United States for land allotments to individuals in Oklahoma. More than 250,000 people applied to the commission for enrollment and land. Just over 100,000 were approved. The records include Applications for enrollment, Enrollment cards, and Letter logs. Indexes and images on line:


 * National Archives


 * Guion Miller Roll - Easter Cherokee In 1902 the Eastern Cherokee sued the United States to get the funds due then under the treaties of 1835, 1836, and 1845. In 1906, the court awarded more than $1 million to be split among the Eastern Cherokees. There were 45,847 applications filed, representing some 90,000 individuals. Indexes and Images on line:


 * National Archives(Index) AccessGenealogy (Index)

Cherokees

 * Allen, Maud Bliss. Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls. Washington, D.C.: n.p., 1935. This source contains the Cherokee census of 1835 of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee.

Two publications listing Cherokees east of the Mississippi in 1835 are:


 * Tyner, James W. Those Who Cried: The 16,000: A Record of the Individual Cherokees Listed in the United States Official Census of the Cherokee Nation Conducted in 1835. N.p.: Chi-ga-u, 1974. Non-Cherokee census takers in 1835 made lists of Cherokees in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. There are some errors because they did not understand the native languages. The government defined a person as an Indian if he or she had one-quarter degree of Indian blood. The book is indexed and has excellent maps for that period.


 * United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Census Roll, 1835, of the Cherokee Indians East of the Mississippi and Index to the Roll, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia. National Archives Microfilm Publications, T0496. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1960.


 * Siler, David W. The Eastern Cherokees, A Census of the Cherokee Nation in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia in 1851. Cottonport, Louisiana: Polyanthus, 1972. This list contains the names of each person’s father, mother and children, with their ages and relationship (De Kalb, Jackson, and Marshall Counties). An index is included.


 * Malone, Henry Thompson. Cherokees of the Old South: A People in Transition. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1956. See the maps before the preface. At the end of the book there is a bibliography.

For Further Reading

 * Alabama Military for a list of forts.
 * Alabama History (calendar) for information on land ceded by the Indians.
 * Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011, National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.
 * American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
 * Gilbert, William Harlen, Jr. Surviving Indian Groups in the Eastern United States. Pp. 407-438 of the Smithsonian Report for 1948. Available online.
 * Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
 * Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.
 * Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880. National Archives Microcopy T1105.
 * Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.
 * Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991
 * National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations Available online.
 * Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. Available online
 * Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online. (ISBN 0-8063-1730-2L of C 2002117802)
 * Tiller, Veronica E. Velarde., American Indian Reservations and Trust Areas. C. 1996, Tiller Research Incorporated. Family History Library
 * Young, Mary Elizabeth Redskins Ruffle shirts and Rednecks-Indian Allotments in Alabama and Mississippi 1830-1860. C. 1961 University of Oklahoma Pres. Norman, Oklahoma. Library of Congress number: 61-15150.
 * United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Cherokee Agency. Records of the Cherokee Agency in Tennessee, 1801–1835. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0208. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1952. These records deal with the entire Cherokee Nation. They contain information about passes given to people during 1801 to 1804 allowing them to go through the Cherokee lands. These records also mention claims filed 1816 to 1833 and include the names of Army officers at posts; unauthorized settlements on Indian lands; land office records; and names of traders, settlers, missionaries, chiefs, and members of the tribe. See the introduction at the beginning of the first film to learn about the contents of these records. Many individuals are listed, however there is no index.
 * United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Letters Received, 1824–1881; Registers of Letters Received, 1824–1880. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0018, M0234. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1942, 1956. There are letters in this collection pertaining to each of the major tribes, but they are not indexed.
 * Malone, James H. The Chickasaw Nation: A Short Sketch of A Noble People. Louisville, Kentucky: John P. Morton, 1922. A map at the end of the book shows the Mississippi and Alabama lands ceded by the Chickasaws in 1835.


 * American State Papers:, Legislative and Executive of the Congress of the United States cited under the subheading France (1710–1763) in Alabama Land and Property. Volume Seven, on FS Library film 944499 item 2, pages 1–140, has the 1831 Armstrong roll of Choctaws owning farms who were entitled to receive land under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek of 1830. The volume is indexed. These records are like a census, listing head of family, the number of males over 16, number of males and females under 10, number of acres, and location.
 * Snider, Billie Ford. Full Name Indexes, Eastern Creek Indians East of the Mississippi. Pensacola, Florida: Antique Compiling, 1993. This source lists ancestors of the Eastern Creeks living in 1814 and descendants to about 1972. The final chapter contains a detailed history of the Creeks from the 1600s to 1973 and offers suggestions for Eastern Creek Indian ancestral research.
 * Stiggins, George. Creek Indian History: A Historical Narrative of the Genealogy, Traditions and Downfall of the Ispocoga or Creek Indian Tribe of Indians. Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Public Library Press, 1989. A bibliography is found on pages 166–70.
 * Eggleston, George Cary. Red Eagle and the Wars with the Creek Indians. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company Publishers, 1878. Digital version at FamilySearch Digital Library - free.


 * Abbott, Thomas J. Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. This is indexed by name.
 * Parsons, Benjamin S. Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. This is indexed by name.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Washington has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs..., Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians , and others.