B genealogical glossary terms

B

baba

 * Afrikaans word for "baby."

babbo

 * Italian word for "father."

babina

 * Czech word for "grandmother."

babka

 * Polish word for "grandmother."

bacallarius

 * Latin word for "bachelor."

backe

 * Swedish word for "hill."

Background information

 * Information about the land, people, history, government, and other characteristics of an area. Background information helps to focus research in the most appropriate types of records for a given area and time period.

backstugusittare

 * Swedish word for "one who owned a small cottage, dugout dweller."

Bad

 * German word for "spa, resort."

bad(plaats)

 * Dutch word for "resort, spa, bath."

badatel

 * Czech word for "researcher."

Badeort

 * German word for "spa, health resort."

bagare

 * Swedish word for "baker."

bagbygning

 * Danish word for "a building behind the main building."

bager

 * Danish word for "baker."

Baggage list

 * A list of the luggage and other personal belongings of the crew and passengers on a ship or train.

baillivus

 * Latin word for "bailiff."

baixo (a)

 * Portuguese word for "low."

bajo (a)

 * Spanish word for "low."

bakalarz

 * Polish word for "teacher, bachelor."

bakari

 * Icelandic word for "baker."

bakbygning

 * Norwegian word for "back building (additional residence behind the main building)."

baker, Dutch

 * Dutch word for "dry nurse."

baker, Norwegian

 * Norwegian word for "baker."

bakke

 * Norwegian word for "hill."

bakker

 * Afrikaans and Dutch word for "baker."

bakom

 * Swedish word for "behind."

bal

 * Hungarian word for "left (direction)."

The Henry R. Baldwin Genealogical Records, Ohio (Baldwin collection)

 * A collection of church, military, cemetery, court, and family information about people from eastern Ohio from 1867 to 1913.

baltycki

 * Polish word for "Baltic."

bambina illegittima

 * Italian word for "illegitimate girl."

bambini

 * Italian word for "children."

bambino illegittimo

 * Italian word for "illegitimate boy."

bambino, -a

 * Italian word for "child, baby."

ban (le)

 * French word for "the territory."

banchiere

 * Italian word for "banker."

band, Danish

 * Danish word for "volume."

Band, German (Bd.)

 * German word for "volume."

bandi di matrimonio

 * Italian word for "marriage banns, notices."

Bankruptcy

 * The state of being unable to pay one's debts. To formally declare bankruptcy is to seek relief from creditors through a court action. An individual, government, business, or other organization can declare bankruptcy.

bannlyse

 * Norwegian word for "excommunicate."

bannorum, liber

 * Latin word for "register of marriage banns, announcements."

Banns

 * A public announcement made by a couple to their local church congregation that they planned to marry. The couple may also have posted a written notice on the church.

bannum

 * Latin word for "bann, marriage proclamation."

bans

 * French word for "marriage banns, announcement(s)."

baptisatus

 * Latin word for "baptized."

Baptêmes

 * French word for baptisms.

Baptism certificate

 * A certificate stating the date and place an individual was baptized into a church.

Baptism for the dead, Latter-day Saint

 * A priesthood ordinance performed in temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Church members are baptized by proxy in behalf of people who have died.

Baptism, general

 * An initiation into a Christian church, usually performed by sprinkling the individual with water or immersing the individual in water.

Baptism, Latter-day Saint

 * The introductory ordinance into The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Church practices baptism by immersion for the remission of sins. The ordinance symbolizes the individual's rebirth as a disciple of Jesus Christ.

baptisma

 * Latin word for "baptism." Necessitate baptismo means "(being) an emergency baptism."

Baptismal date

 * The day an individual is baptized.

Baptismal records

 * Records created when an individual participates in the rite or ordinance of baptism to become a member of a church.

baptismatis

 * Latin word for "of baptism."

baptismo

 * Portuguese word for "baptism."

baptismus

 * Latin word for "baptism."

baptist

 * Norwegian and Swedish word for "Baptist."

Baptist Church

 * A group of Protestant churches that was founded by John Smythe during the early 1600s while he was a refugee in Amsterdam. The Baptists oppose infant baptism and baptize only adults who have accepted Jesus Christ as their Savior. Baptist churches are governed by local congregations and often organized into separate conventions or associations, such as the Baptist World Alliance and the Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland. The Southern Baptist Convention is the largest Baptist organization in the world with 37,000 churches in the United States and its territories. It was organized in 1845 and has offices in Nashville, Tennessee.

Baptist, German

 * German word for "Baptist."

baptista

 * Hungarian word for "Baptist."

Baptiste

 * French word for "Baptist."

baptisé

 * French word for "baptized."

baptisé sous condition

 * French word for "conditionally baptized."

baptizar

 * Portuguese word for "to baptize."

baptizatorum, liber

 * Latin word for "register of baptisms."

baptizatus est

 * Latin word for "he was baptized, has been baptized."

baptizavi

 * Latin word for "I baptized, have baptized."

baptême d'urgence

 * French word for "emergency baptism."

Baptêmes

 * The French word for baptisms.

bar

 * Danish, Norwegian and Swedish word for "carried."

bar barnet

 * Danish, Norwegian and Swedish word for "carried or held the child (at baptism font)."

bara

 * Swedish word for "only."

barbiere

 * Italian word for "barber."

Barbour Collection

 * Abstracts of town, church, and other original records from the earliest period of Connecticut's history to the 1850s. The collection is indexed, but the index is incomplete and contains errors.

barca, fabbricatore di

 * Italian word for "boat maker."

barcaiolo

 * Italian word for "boatman."

Barcino

 * A term used in Catholic Church registers to describe a person from Spanish-speaking Latin America whose ancestry is a mix of Indian, African, and Caucasian. Racial classifications were often based on physical appearance or social status; therefore, they were not always accurate.

barco, Portuguese

 * Portuguese word for "boat."

barco, Spanish

 * Spanish word for "ship."

bare

 * Norwegian word for "only."

barilaio

 * Italian word for "cooper, barrel maker."

barista

 * Italian word for "bartender."

barkahósti

 * Icelandic word for "croup."

barn

 * Icelandic word for "child."

barn

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "child."

barn, Swedish

 * Swedish word for "child(ren)."

barna

 * Icelandic word for "make pregnant."

barna, Hungarian

 * Hungarian word for "brown."

barna, Norwegian

 * Norwegian word for "children."

Barnardo, Thomas John

 * The founder of a large philanthropic organization in Great Britain during the 1860s. This organization founded 90 homes for destitute children and founded many schools with unlimited admittance policies, which were rare at the time. The organization also helped send children (orphans and others) from Britain to Canada. These children were often called "Barnardo's children." The boys were sent as farm laborers and the girls as "mother's helpers."

Barnocino

 * A term used in Catholic Church registers to describe a person from Spanish-speaking Latin America whose ancestry is a mix of Indian, African, and Caucasian. Racial classifications were often based on physical appearance or social status; therefore, they were not always accurate.

barnbarn

 * Swedish word for "grandchild(ren)."

barnbok

 * Swedish word for "preconfirmation roll (in Finland)."

barndom

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "childhood."

barnebarn

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "grandchild."

barnedåb, Danish

 * Danish word for "child's baptism."

barnedåp, Norwegian

 * Norwegian word for "child baptism."

barnefader

 * Danish word for "child's father."

barnefar

 * Norwegian word for "child's father."

barnlaus

 * Icelandic word for "childless."

barnlös

 * Swedish word for "childless."

barnløs

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "childless."

barnmorska

 * Swedish word for "midwife."

Barnocino

 * A term used in Catholic Church registers to describe a person from Spanish-speaking Latin America whose ancestry is a mix of Indian, African, and Caucasian. Racial classifications were often based on physical appearance or social status; therefore, they were not always accurate.

barnsbörd, barnsäng

 * Swedish word for "childbirth."

barnsæng

 * Icelandic word for "childbed."

baro

 * Latin word for "baron."

Baron

 * The lowest title in the British and French peerage. A baron's wife or a woman who inherits or is granted the title is called a baroness. The title of baron was introduced to Great Britain in 1066 after the Normans took power. The king bestowed land and the title of baron to some of his men for their service. These men could give this land and the title to their oldest sons. Eventually the barons became divided into greater and lesser barons, depending on how much land they held. The greater barons eventually became earls and dukes. Lesser barons became the retainers. Currently, the title of baron is given by the British monarch for distinguished service or distinction in arts or letters. Barons may no longer give the title to their heirs. In other European countries, a baron may have various ranks. In Latin America, the baron (barón) was below the viscount (vizconde) and above a lord (señor).

Baron, Scotland

 * A baron was the noble owner of a feudal barony, which was a dignity and jurisdiction created over an area of land. He could charter towns on his estate with the explicit permission of the Crown and he had civil and criminal jurisdictional powers.

Baron

 * German word for "baron."

Barón

 * The Spanish word for baron, a title of nobility ranking below a viscount (vizconde) and above a lord (señor).

barone

 * Italian word for "baron."

Baronet, Britain

 * The highest title in the British gentry, ranking below a baron and above a knight. The title of baronet was created in 1611 by King James I, who sold this title in return for much-needed money. Now the title of baronet is granted by the British monarch to anyone he or she wishes to honor. The title may be passed on to heirs, but a baronet does not have a seat in the House of Lords.

Barony, Ireland

 * A land division within a county in Ireland. Baronies were originally held by Irish chieftains, who obtained or leased it from the kings of the provinces. Eventually baronies came to be used only for financial and administrative reasons.

Barony, Scotland

 * A freehold estate created by direct grant with charter from the Crown, which carried with it both civil and criminal jurisdiction.

barrio

 * Spanish word for "city ward."

barsel

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "birth."

barselfeber

 * Norwegian word for "childbed fever."

barselseng

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "birthing bed."

E. E. Barton Collection of Northern Kentucky Families (Barton collection)

 * A collection of biographies, guardian bonds, appraisements, marriages, and church records for the residents of Kentucky in Pendleton County and neighboring counties.

barát

 * Hungarian word for "friend."

barão

 * Portuguese word for "baron."

Barón

 * The Spanish word for baron, a title of nobility ranking below a viscount (vizconde) and above a lord (señor).

bas

 * French word for "low, lower."

Base born

 * A child born out of wedlock. In the British Isles, similar terms are illegitimate, bastard, natural born, and unlawful.

Basic Search Strategies

 * The section of a research outline that describes a general process for conducting family history research.

basso

 * Italian word for "low."

Bastard

 * A child born out of wedlock. In the British Isles, similar terms are illegitimate, base born, natural born, and unlawful.

bastardo, -a

 * Italian word for "illegitimate child."

Bastardy bond

 * A document guaranteeing that the father of an illegitimate child would take financial responsibility for the child. This document relieved the parish from that responsibility. Also called a bond of indemnification.

Batch number

 * A number used in the International Genealogical Index® and Scottish Church Records to find the original source of the information in an entry.

Batch number, Index to the Old Parochial Registers of Scotland

 * A number given in the Index to the Old Parochial Registers of Scotland that helps identify which microfilm contains the original parish record. The Batch Number Index identifies which batch numbers are tied to which films of original records.

Bates Collection of Genealogical Data

 * An 88-volume collection of information about Rhode Island families collected by Louise Prosser Bates. It contains abstracts of deeds, land grants, probate records, genealogies, town records, and cemetery records. It is at the Rhode Island Historical Society and on microfilm at the Family History Library™.

Batismos

 * A Portuguese word for baptisms.

batisseur

 * French word for "builder."

batizar

 * Portuguese word for "to baptize."

batsmaður

 * Icelandic word for "boatman."

battesimale

 * Italian word for "baptismal."

battesimo

 * Italian word for "baptism."

battezzare

 * Italian word for "baptize."

battezzarono

 * Italian word for "they baptized."

battezzato, -a

 * Italian word for "baptized."

battezzo

 * Italian word for "baptized."

Bauer

 * German word for "farmer, peasant."

Bauptismos

 * A Spanish word for baptisms.

Bautismo

 * A Spanish term for baptism. Also used in the Philippines.

bautizar

 * Spanish word for "to baptize."

Bayern

 * German word for "Bavaria."

baía

 * Portuguese word for "bay."

Computer bulletin board system (BBS)

 * A computer service that allows people to enter information that other people can then read or download. Users can also post questions for others to answer, answer questions posted by others, or read questions and answers already on the service. Many bulletin boards focus on a particular topic. Also called a computer message board or computer news group.

Band, German (Bd.)

 * German word for "volume."

BCG

 * Board for Certification of Genealogists.

bd.

 * Danish word for "volume."

be

 * Norwegian word for "pray, request."

Beamter

 * German word for "official, registrar."

Beat

 * The area of land that a census taker covers.

beatus

 * Latin word for "blessed, deceased."

beau-fils

 * French word for "son-in-law, stepson."

beau-frère

 * French word for "brother-in-law, stepbrother."

beau-père

 * French word for "father-in-law, stepfather."

beboer

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "occupant, resident."

bebé

 * Spanish word for "baby."

beccaio

 * Italian word for "butcher."

beccamorti

 * Italian word for "grave digger."

becchino

 * Italian word for "grave digger."

Beck(er)

 * German word for "baker."

becsületes

 * Hungarian word for "honest."

beda

 * Polish word for "they will."

bede

 * Danish word for "pray."

bededag

 * Norwegian word for "prayer day."

bedelaar

 * Afrikaans and Dutch word for "beggar."

bedendmaking

 * Afrikaans word for "declaration."

bedrag

 * Afrikaans and Dutch word for "fee, amount (of money)."

bedrijf

 * Dutch word for "trade, business, concern."

bedrive hor

 * Norwegian word for "commit adultery."

bedryf

 * Afrikaans word for "occupation, trade."

bedstefar

 * Danish word for "grandfather."

bedstemor

 * Danish word for "grandmother."

bedzie

 * Polish word for "he/she/it will."

beerdigt

 * German word for "buried."

Beerdigung

 * German word for "burial, interment."

befandtes

 * Danish word for "is found."

befolkning, Danish

 * Danish word for "population, inhabitants."

befolkning, Norwegian

 * Norwegian word for "population, people."

befolkning, Swedish

 * Swedish word for "population."

begge

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "both."

begivenhet

 * Norwegian word for "event, occurrence."

beglaubigt

 * German word for "certified, attested."

begraaf

 * Dutch word for "burial".

begraafplaas

 * Afrikaans word for "cemetery."

begraafplaats

 * Dutch word for "cemetery."

begraben

 * German word for "buried."

Begräbnisse

 * The German word for burials.

begrafenis

 * Dutch word for "funeral."

begrafn

 * Icelandic word for "buried."

begrafnis

 * Afrikaans word for "burial, funeral."

begrava

 * Swedish word for "to bury."

Begravede

 * A Norwegian and Danish word for burials.

begravelse, Danish

 * Danish word for "burial."

begravelse, Norwegian

 * Norwegian word for "funeral, burial."

begraven

 * Dutch word for "to bury."

begravet

 * Danish and Norwegian word for "buried."

Begravna

 * The Swedish word for burials.

begravning

 * Swedish word for "burial."

begravningsplats

 * Swedish word for "cemetery."

begrawe

 * Afrikaans word for "to bury."

Begräbnisse

 * The German word for burials.

begått H(errens) H(eliga) Nattvard

 * Swedish word for "taken the Lord's Holy Communion."

behandle

 * Norwegian word for "handle, treat, manage."

behoeftig

 * Afrikaans word for "indigent, needy."

behoeftigden

 * Dutch word for "needy, indigent."

behoort

 * Afrikaans word for "belongs."

behoren

 * Dutch word for "to belong to."

Beichte

 * German word for "confession."

beide

 * Afrikaans, Dutch and German word for "both."

Beilage

 * German word for "supplement."

beiningamaður

 * Icelandic word for "beggar."

bejaard

 * Dutch word for "aged."

bejaarde

 * Afrikaans word for "aged."

bejelent

 * Hungarian word for "declares, reports."

Bekannte(r)

 * German word for "acquaintance."

Bekehrung

 * German word for "conversion."

bekende

 * Afrikaans and Dutch word for "acquaintance."

belasting, Afrikaans

 * Afrikaans word for "tax."

belasting, Dutch

 * Dutch word for "taxation."

belastingheffer

 * Afrikaans word for "tax collector."

Belege

 * German word for "proof, documentation."

Belg(isch)

 * Dutch word for "Belgian."

Belge

 * French word for "Belgian."

Belgie

 * Afrikaans word for "Belgium."

Belgies

 * Afrikaans word for "Belgian."

België

 * Dutch word for "Belgium."

belle-fille

 * French word for "daughter-in-law, stepdaughter."

belle-mère

 * French word for "mother-in-law, stepmother."

belle-soeur

 * French word for "sister-in-law, stepsister."

belül

Hungarian word for "inside."

bem

Portuguese word for "good, well."

bemerking

Dutch word for "remarks."

bemerkning

Norwegian word for "remark."

Bemerkungen

German word for "remarks."

bemærkning

Danish word for "remark."

ben, Danish

Danish word for "leg, bone, limb."

ben, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "leg, bone."

benadering

Dutch word for "approximation."

benché

Italian word for "although."

bendición

Spanish word for "blessing."

bene

Latin word for "well."

Beneficiary, insurance

 * An individual who receives the proceeds or benefits from an insurance policy.

Beneficiary, probate

 * An individual who receives property or money from a deceased individual’s estate.

benekte

Norwegian word for "deny."

benestante

Italian word for "wealthy person."

beni immobili

Italian word for "real property, real estate."

beni stabili

Italian word for "real property, real estate."

Benjamin Lake Noyes Collection

 * A collection of genealogies and correspondence concerning many Maine families, especially those who settled at Deer Isle in Hancock County.

benämd

Swedish word for "called."

benåde

Norwegian word for "pardon."

berg

German and Swedish word for "hill, mountain."

berg, Dutch

Dutch word for "mountain."

bergarius

Latin word for "shepherd."

berger

French word for "shepherd."

Bergmann

German word for "miner."

bergslag

Swedish word for "mining district."

bergsman

Swedish word for "miner."

berklaveiki

Icelandic word for "tuberculosis."

berní ruly

Czech word for "tax lists."

beroep, Afrikaans

Afrikaans word for "occupation."

beroep, Dutch

Dutch word for "trade, occupation."

beroerte

Afrikaans word for "apoplexy, stroke."

Beruf

German word for "occupation, profession."

beruset

Norwegian word for "drunk."

Beschreibung

German word for "description."

beschrijving

Dutch word for "description."

besetning

Norwegian word for "livestock, crew."

besidder

Danish word for "owner.:

Besitzer

German word for "possessor, proprietor, owner."

beskattning

Swedish word for "taxation."

beskrive

Danish word for "description."

beskrivelse

Norwegian word for "description."

beskrivning, Swedish

Swedish word for "description."

beskrywing, Afrikaans

Afrikaans word for "description."

beslagnemen

Dutch word for "to seize."

beslektet

Norwegian word for "related."

besnijdenis

Dutch word for "circumcision."

bestattet

German word for "buried."

bestefar

Norwegian word for "grandfather."

besteforeldre

Norwegian word for "grandparents."

bestemor

Norwegian word for "grandmother."

bestilling

Danish word for "occupation."

bestätigt

German word for "confirmed, verified."

besvangre

Norwegian word for "impregnate, get with child, make pregnant."

besökare

Swedish word for "customs official (archaic), visitor (modern)."

bet-bet-overgrootvader

Dutch word for "third great-grandfather."

bet-overgrootvader

Dutch word for "second great-grandfather."

betale

Norwegian word for "pay."

betegség

Hungarian word for "disease, illness."

betjene

Danish word for "serve."

betjänt

Swedish word for "servant, civil servant."

betler

Norwegian word for "beggar."

betrekking, Afrikaans

Afrikaans word for "concerning, in relation to, position (employment)."

betrekking, Dutch

Dutch word for "in relation to, relatives."

bettlare

Swedish word for "beggar."

Bettler

German word for "beggar."

bettlägerig

German word for "bedridden."

bettoliere

Italian word for "tavern keeper."

betuiging, Afrikaans

Afrikaans word for "giving (as in giving thanks or legal testimony)."

betuiging, Dutch

Dutch word for "declaration, expression."

Between the Miami Rivers Survey

 * A land survey that the United States government conducted between the Great and Little Miami Rivers in Ohio. The survey used the same nonstandard method used in the Symmes Purchase.

betyg

Swedish word for "certificate."

bevaka

Swedish word for "protect."

bevestiging

Afrikaans word for "confirmation."

bevilge

Norwegian word for "grant."

bevis, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "proof."

bevis, Swedish

Swedish word for "certificate, proof, evidence."

bevistat läsförhören

Swedish word for "present at household examination (clerical survey).

bevolking

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "population."

bevolking, Dutch

Dutch word for "population."

bevolkingsregister

Dutch word for "population register."

bevorstehend

German word for "previously mentioned."

bevándorlás

Hungarian word for "immigration."

bevándorló

Hungarian word for "immigrant."

beväring

Swedish word for "conscript."

beväringsman

Swedish word for "recruit."

Bevölkerungsregister

German word for "population register."

bewaarder

Dutch word for "guardian, warden."

bewijs

Dutch word for "certificate, proof."

bewijs van overlijden

Dutch word for "death certificate, proof of death."

bewijs van trouwen

Dutch word for "marriage certificate, proof of marriage."

bewys

Afrikaans word for "evidence, proof."

beykir

Icelandic word for "cooper."

bez

Polish and Czech word for "without."

bezdzietny

Polish word for "childless."

bezejmenný

Czech word for "unnamed, nameless."

bezimienny

Polish word for "unnamed, nameless."

Bezirk

German word for "district."

beður

Icelandic word for "bed."

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

An agency of the United States government that manages and keeps the records of the government's interaction with American Indian tribes.

bialoruski

Polish word for "Belorussian."

bialy

Polish word for "white."

bianco

Italian word for "white."

Bible records

Birth, marriage, and death information written in family Bibles, usually on pages set aside for such a purpose.

Bible Records, Family History Library Catalog™

 * A subject heading used in the Family History Library Catalog to categorize Bible records (birth, marriage, and death information written in family Bibles).
 * Bible records, general: Birth, marriage, and death information written in family Bibles, usually on pages set aside for such a purpose.

Bibliography, Family History Library Catalog™

 * A subject heading used in the Family History Library Catalog to categorize lists of books, periodicals, or other resources related to a particular topic.

Bibliography, general

 * A list of books, periodicals, or other resources that were used to prepare a book or article; also a separate list of books, periodicals, or other resources related to a particular topic.

bibliográfia

Hungarian word for "bibliography."

biblioteca

Portuguese and Spanish word for "library."

biblioteche

Italian word for "libraries."

bibliotek

Danish and Norwegian word for "library."

Bibliothèque Généalogique, France

 * A library in Paris, France, that has a name index, genealogical books, and genealogical periodicals from all parts of France. Translated as Genealogical Library in English.

Bibliothèque Publique d' Information, France

 * A library in Paris, France, that has a collection of 300,000 volumes and 2,400 periodicals. It has a good genealogical collection.

bidden

Dutch word for "to request, to pray."

bidello

Italian word for "janitor."

biduum

Latin word for "space of two days, two-day period."

biegunka

Polish word for "diarrhea, dysentery."

bien, French

French word for "well."

bien, Spanish

Spanish word for "good, well."

bienes

Spanish word for "property, goods, fee."

Bienes de difuntos

 * A Spanish term for inheritance records and inventories of personal estates. Also used in the Philippines.

biennium

Latin word for "two-year period."

biens

French word for "goods, property."

bierzmowanie

Polish word for "confirmation."

biezacy

Polish word for "current." Roku biezacego means "of the current year."

bifolco

Italian word for "plowman."

bijlagen

Dutch word for "supplemental documents."

bijna

Dutch word for "almost, nearly."

bijnaam

Dutch word for "surname, nickname."

bijzit

Dutch word for "mistress, concubine".

bilaga

Swedish word for "supplement, enclosure."

Bill of sale

 * A written document that transfers personal property from one individual to another. It proves that a sale occurred.

billedhugger

Danish word for "sculptor."

Biloxi Bay, Mississippi

The seaport area on the Gulf of Mexico where the city of Biloxi, Mississippi is now located. The permanent settlement in the Mississippi Valley was made there by the French in 1699.

bind, Danish

Danish word for "volume."

bind, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "volume (book)."

binnekant

Afrikaans word for "inside."

binnenkant

Dutch word for "inside."

biografi

Danish, Norwegian and Swedish word for "biography."

biografia

Italian word for "biography."

Biografica

 * A biographical collection of notes, newspaper clippings, and obituaries of Swedish army officers and others.

biografie

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "biography."

Biographical dictionary

 * A compilation of histories of people’s lives. The people selected for a biographical dictionary usually have something in common, such as occupation, place of origin or residence, or experience in a historical event. Also called a biographical encyclopedia or compiled biography.

Biographical Dictionary of Early Virginia, 1607-1660

 * A biographical dictionary that contains more than 100,000 entries and mentions over 30,000 people who are named in wills, deeds, court orders, histories, and Virginia Company records.

Biographical encyclopedia

 * A compilation of histories of people’s lives. The people selected for a biographical encyclopedia usually have something in common, such as occupation, place of origin or residence, or experience in a historical event. Also called a biographical dictionary or compiled biography.

Biographical sketch

 * A brief account of an individual’s life.

biographie, French

French word for "biography."

Biographie, German

German word for "biography."

Biography

A history of an individual's life.

Biography and Genealogy Master Index

 * An index that lists the subjects in most nationwide American biographical dictionaries. This index is essential for finding biographical sketches. It concentrates heavily on the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Biography File

 * A 180-drawer card index to newspaper clippings, local histories, and periodicals from Maryland during the 1800s and 1900s. This file is at the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, Maryland.

Biography, Family History Library Catalog™

 * A subject heading used in the Family History Library Catalog to categorize biographies (histories of people's lives) and biographical dictionaries and encyclopedias (compilations of histories of people’s lives).

Biography, general

 * A history of an individual’s life.

Biography, PERiodical Source Index

 * A record type used in the Locality and Research Methodologies sections of the PERiodical Source Index (PERSI) to identify articles that contain biographical information about a person or group of people.

birk

Danish word for "court district."

Birke, Denmark

 * A Danish civil district, an area covered by a court. Also called herred.

Birth certificate

 * An official government document stating an individual’s birth date, birthplace, and parentage.

birodalom

Hungarian word for "empire."

birraio

Italian word for "barkeeper, brewer."

Birth certificate

An official government document stating an individual's birth date, birthplace, and parentage.

Birth record

 * An official government document stating an individual’s birth date, birthplace, and parentage.

Birthplace Index, 1881 British Census

 * An index of the 1881 British Census that is organized alphabetically by surname then by individuals' parish of birth. The Birthplace Index can help you identify possible brothers, sisters, and cousins who were born in the same parish but who may have moved to a different part of Great Britain.

birtokos

Hungarian word for "landowning farmer."

bis-bisnonno

Italian word for "secont great-grandfather."

bisabuela

Spanish word for "great-grandmother."

bisabuelo

Spanish word for "great-grandfather."

bisabuelos

Spanish word for "great-grandparents."

bisavo, -a

Italian word for "great-grandfather (great-grandmother)."

bisavolo, -a

Italian word for "great-grandfather (great-grandmother)."

bisavó

Portuguese word for "great-grandmother."

bisavô

Portuguese word for "great-grandfather."

bisavôs

Portuguese word for "great-grandparents."

Bischof

German word for "bishop."

bisdom

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "diocese."

Bishop's court, Church of England

 * The highest court in a diocese of the Church of England. These courts also had superior jurisdiction over lesser courts in probate matters. Bishop's courts are also called episcopal, commissary, diocesan, exchequer, and consistory courts.

Bishop's transcript, Church of England

 * A contemporary copy of a parish register of the Church of England that a local priest sends to the bishop of the diocese each year. The transcripts were supposed to be exact, but entries were sometimes abbreviated and may contain additional or variant information. If the original parish register has been lost, the bishop's transcript may be the only source of information.

Bishops’ report, Latter-day Saint

 * A list of Latter-day Saint heads of households and the wards in which they lived. This report was prepared in 1852 and 1853.

biskop

Norwegian word for "bishop."

biskup

Czech and Polish word for "bishop."

bisneta

Portuguese word for "great-granddaughter."

bisneto

Portuguese word for "great-grandson."

bisnetos

Portuguese word for "great-grandchildren."

bisnieta

Spanish word for "great-granddaughter."

bisnieto

Spanish word for "great-grandson."

bisnietos

Spanish word for "great-grandchildren."

bisnonna

Italian word for "great-grandmother."

bisnonno

Italian word for "great-grandfather."

bispado

Portuguese word for "bishopric."

bispedømme

Danish and Norwegian word for "diocese."

bispo

Portuguese word for "bishop."

Bistum

German word for "diocese."

bitang

Hungarian word for "vagrant, vagabond."

bizonyos

Hungarian word for "certain, sure."

bizonyságok

Hungarian word for "testimonies, (witnesses)."

bizonytalan

Hungarian word for "uncertain."

bizonyítvány

Hungarian word for "certificate, document."

Bjelke Feud (1658-1660), Norway

 * A military action in which Norway regained Trondheim and Romsdal, which it had lost to Sweden in the Krabbe War.

Black Books

 * A part of the Maryland State Papers that contains messages, petitions, addresses, accounts, court proceedings, and other legal documents from 1636 to 1785.

Black Hawk War (1832)

 * A war fought between the Sauk and Fox Native Americans and the United States militia and regular troops. The leader of the Native Americans was named Black Hawk.

Black Hawk War (1865-1867)

 * An Indian war that arose when a Ute chief named Black Hawk led an uprising against the settlers in Utah.

blad(sy)

Afrikaans word for "page."

bladzijde (blz.)

Dutch word for "page."

blanc (blanche)

French word for "white."

blanco (a)

Spanish word for "white."

Blattern

German word for "smallpox."

Blazon

 * An official description of a coat of arms. Blazons are found in armorials. The term blazon is also used to mean a coat of arms.

blaðsíða

Icelandic word for "page."

Blessing certificate, Latter-day Saint

 * A certificate issued when a baby is blessed in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Blessing of baby, Latter-day Saint

 * A priesthood ordinance of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in which an infant is given a name and a blessing.

bli

Norwegian word for "become."

blikkenslager

Danish and Norwegian word for "tinsmith."

blikksmiður

Icelandic word for "tinsmith."

blind

Danish, Norwegian and Swedish word for "blind."

blindur

Icelandic word for "blind."

bliski

Polish word for "near."

bliva

Swedish word for "to become."

bliznieta

Polish word for "twins."

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

An agency of the United States government that manages and maintains the government's survey and land records. The bureau also manages national lands and their resources, including mineral resources. The bureau was created in 1946 when the Government Land Office (GLO) and the Grazing Service were combined. It is under the Department of the Interior.

blod

Danish and Norwegian word for "blood."

blodgang

Danish and Norwegian word for "dysentery."

blodskam

Norwegian word for "incest."

blodsott

Norwegian word for "abnormal loss of blood during illness."

bloeding

Afrikaans word for "bleeding, hemorrhage."

bloei

Afrikaans word for "bloei."

bloeimaand

Dutch word for "May (blossoming month)."

blogoslawil

Polish word for "blessed."

blogoslawiony

Polish word for "blessed, the late."

Blue Books

 * A part of the Maryland State Papers that contains records relating to stock in the Bank of Maryland from 1733 to 1810. The collection contains information about paper money investment schemes, lawsuits against the state of Maryland, and papers concerning property that citizens lost during the Revolutionary War.

blutend

German word for "bleeding."

Blutsverwandschaft

German word for "blood relationship."

bladzijde (blz.)

Dutch word for "page."

blízký

Czech word for "near."

blóðsótt

Icelandic word for "dysentery."

blödning

Swedish word for "bleeding."

Blütenmonat

German word for "May."

bo, Afrikaans

Afrikaans word for "above, on top of."

bo, Danish

Danish word for "to live at, home."

bo, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "to live at."

bo, Polish

Polish word for "because."

bo, Swedish

Swedish word for "to live, home, estate."

Board for Certification of Genealogists

 * A professional organization for genealogists. The board administers a certification process.

Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles, Hawaii

 * A commission established in Hawaii in 1845 to settle land disputes between the king of Hawaii, who owned all of the land, and settlers who were not native to Hawaii. The king received a portion of the land, and the rest was divided equally between the government, chiefs, and tenants. To acquire ownership of land, an individual made a claim to the commission. This commission was also known as the Land Commission.

Board of Commissioners, USA 1805

 * A committee organized by the United States Congress in 1805 to investigate claims made by landowners to lands previously granted by the French and Spanish governments.

boaro

Italian word for "cattle hand."

Boatswain

 * The officer on a merchant or navy ship who has charge over the hull, sails, rigging, and so forth.

boca

Portuguese and Spanish word for "mouth."

boda

Portuguese and Spanish word for "wedding, marriage."

bodde

Norwegian word for "lived."

bodnár

Hungarian word for "cooper, barrel maker."

boede

Danish word for "lived."

boek

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "book."

boer

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "farmer."

Boer Wars (1877-1901)

 * A term referring to two wars between the British and the Boers (now called Afrikaners) in South Africa. The first Boer War occurred in 1880 and 1881, when the Boers gained independence from Britain. The second Boer War, which occurred between 1899 and 1902, happened when the Boers tried to deny British citizens and other non-Afrikaners full political rights. The Boers won the opening battles of the second war, but the British eventually won the war. The Boer troops surrendered in 1900, but guerilla fighting lasted until 1902.

boerearbeider

Afrikaans word for "farmhand (laborer)."

boerekneg

Afrikaans word for "farmworker."

boerenarbeider

Dutch word for "cottager, farmhand, worker."

boerenknecht

Dutch word for "farm worker."

bog

Danish word for "book."

boghandler

Danish word for "bookseller."

bogholder

Danish word for "bookkeeper, accountant."

bognár

Hungarian word for "wheel maker."

boieiro

Portuguese word for "herdsman."

bok

Norwegian and Swedish word for "book."

bokhandler

Norwegian word for "bookseller."

bokholder, bokfører

Norwegian word for "bookkeeper."

bokhållare

Swedish word for "bookkeeper."

bokstav

Norwegian word for "letter, character."

boldog

Hungarian word for "happy."

bolest

Czech word for "pain."

bolig

Danish and Norwegian word for "residence, house."

boltos

Hungarian word for "shopkeeper."

bom (oa)

Portuguese word for "good."

bon (bonne)

French word for "good."

bona

Latin word for "possessions."

Bond of curation

 * A written guarantee posted by the guardian of a minor child who is old enough to marry but still younger than 21 to guarantee that the guardian will faithfully perform the tasks assigned by the probate court.

Bond of indemnification

 * A document guaranteeing that the father of an illegitimate child would take financial responsibility for the child. This document relieved the parish from that responsibility. Also called a bastardy bond.

Bond of tuition

 * A written guarantee posted by the guardian of a minor child who is not old enough to marry to guarantee that the guardian will faithfully perform the tasks assigned by the probate court.

Bond with a will annexed

 * A probate record posted by estate administrators or executors that ensures they will properly carry out their duties. This document has a will attached to it.

Bond, financial

 * A legal act by which people obligate themselves or their heirs, executors, or administrators to pay a certain amount of money to another individual under certain conditions.

Bond, general

 * A binding agreement or a certificate or evidence of debt.

Bond, investment

 * A certificate or other type of evidence showing that a company, government, or institution promises to pay the purchaser of the bond (the lender) the amount of money loaned plus interest.

Bond, jail

 * The amount of money needed to get out of jail while awaiting trial. Also called bail.

Bond, probate

 * A probate record posted by estate administrators or executors that ensures they will properly carry out their duties.

bonde

Danish, Norwegian and Swedish word for "farmer."

Bondsman

 * An individual or institution that signs a bond to guarantee that if the bond holder does not meet the obligations, that individual or institution will. Also called a surety.

bonne

French word for "maid, female servant."

bonus

Latin word for "good."

Bonus application papers

 * An application for a financial bonus promised by the United States government to men who enlisted in the United States military during World War I.

Book indexes by vessel line

 * Indexes to passenger lists. The indexes are arranged by the shipping line and the date of arrival in the United States.

Book of remembrance, Latter-day Saint

 * A record in which members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints record important Church-related events (such as baptism, confirmation, priesthood ordination, marriage, and so forth) and family history information.

Book review

 * An article that summarizes a book and evaluates the quality of the book’s information and writing.

Boom

Sudden population growth (large numbers of people moving in) caused by economic opportunites. When land was opened to homesteading, land rushes or land booms occured. The discovery of oil caused oil booms; the discovery of minerals caused mining booms.

boot

Afrikaans word for "boat, barge, ship."

Bootsmann

German word for "bargeman, boatman."

bopel

Norwegian word for "residence, domicile."

bopæl

Danish word for "residence, home, domicile."

borbély

Hungarian word for "barber."

bordarius

Latin word for "cottager, tenant, border."

Bordeaux Emigration Index, France

 * A card index to about 16,000 people who emigrated from Bordeaux, France, between 1713 and 1787.

Border Crossing Indexes, Canada

 * A card index to the Canadian border crossing manifests. Sometimes officials recorded information only on the index card for the crossing instead of in both the index and the border crossing manifest.

Border crossing lists, USA

 * Lists beginning in 1895 that document people who have crossed the border between the United States and Canada or Mexico.

Border crossing manifests, Canada

 * Lists of passengers being transported from Canada into the United States. Canadian shipping companies began keeping these records in 1895. There are two type of manifests: lists of people traveling by train and lists of people traveling by boat. The manifests may include the person's name, port or station of entry, date of entry, age, literacy, last residence, previous visits to the United States, and birthplace. Sometimes officials only recorded the information on the index card rather than on the manifest. Beginning in 1908 the companies began keeping similar records of people arriving in Canada from the United States. These records are not indexed and are not available through the Family History Library™. Also called Canadian border crossing lists, passenger lists, and manifests.

Border crossing records, USA

 * Lists beginning in 1895 that document people who have crossed the border between the United States and Canada or Mexico.

Border crossings

The act of going across a political boundary from one country to another.

The place where people go from one country to another.

borg

Swedish word for "castle,fortress."

borg

Icelandic word for "city."

borgare

Swedish word for "citizen, burgher."

borgari

Icelandic word for "citizen."

borger

Danish and Norwegian word for "citizen."

borgermester

Norwegian word for "mayor."

borgerskab

Danish word for "citizenship."

Borgerskabprotokoller, Denmark

 * A Danish word for citizenship book. It lists the people who received the rights to citizenship extended by a city. Citizenship rights included the right to engage in business in the city, protection under the law, and permission to live in the city without being expelled. The book includes the names of the people granted citizenship and their age, social and economic status, occupation and training, and sometimes birthplace and names of relatives. Until the twentieth century, only males of the middle or upper class, usually merchants and tradesmen, were granted citizenship.

borgerskap

Norwegian word for "citizenship."

borghese

Italian word for "burgher, citizen."

borgmester

Danish word for "mayor."

borgmästare

Swedish word for "mayor."

Born In (the) Covenant

 * A term referring to a child born after the sealing of his/her parents in a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is often abbreviated BIC.

Borough court, Connecticut

 * A court in Connecticut with townwide jurisdiction over civil matters. Borough courts were succeeded by the circuit courts.

Borough, Great Britain

 * A self-governing town or city that sends a representative to Parliament.

Borough, New York City

One of the five administrative divisions of New York City: Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, Richmond (Staten Island).

Borough, Scotland

 * A city or town in Scotland. In current usage, the term borough refers only to towns with a charter. Also spelled burgh.

borta

Swedish word for "absent."

bortgift

Swedish word for "married elsewhere."

borussia

Latin word for "Prussia."

bos

Dutch word for "woods, forest (new version of the word)."

bosbaas

Dutch word for "forester."

bosbouer

Afrikaans word for "forester, warden."

bosch

Dutch word for "woods, forest (old version of the word)."

bosque

Portuguese word for "grove, forest, woods."

bostad

Swedish word for "domicile."

boswachter

Dutch word for "forester."

boswagter

Afrikaans word for "forester."

bot

Norwegian word for "fine, penalty."

bottaio

Italian word for "cooper, barrel maker."

bottegaio

Italian word for "shopkeeper."

boucher

French word for "butcher."

boulanger

French word for "baker."

Boundary

 * A separation, whether natural or manmade, between properties or jurisdictions.

Bounty land

 * Federal land given to people for their service in the military.

Bounty land warrant application

 * A formal, written request for a piece of federal land in return for past military service.

boupptekning

Swedish word for "estate inventory, probate."

bourgeois

French word for "citizen, member of the middle class."

bourguignon

French word for "Burgundian."

bouvier

French word for "herdsman, cowherd."

bovaro

Italian word for "cattle driver."

boven

Dutch word for "above, over, upstairs."

Bowman Collection

 * A card index to Connecticut vital records in Massachusetts from 1800 to 1900.

Box Type, Latter-day Saint

 * A printed book used to record membership records of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints between 1920 and 1941. Each page of the book had four to six boxes, and each box contained the complete membership information for an individual. The records are available at the Family History Library™ and Family History Centers™.

boznica

Polish word for "synagogue."

Bozy

Polish word for "the Lord's."

braaf

Dutch word for "honest, worthy, good."

bracciale

Italian word for "laborer."

bracciante

Italian word for "farm laborer."

Brachmonat

German word for "June."

bracia

Polish word for "brothers."

brak

Polish word for "lack of, is missing."

Branch history, Latter-day Saint

 * An historical account of a branch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Branch records, Latter-day Saint

 * Membership records that each branch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints keeps of members who live within the branch boundaries.

Branch, Latter-day Saint

 * A local division of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is similar to a ward but usually does not have enough membership or enough priesthood leadership to support all the programs of the Church.

branco (a)

Portuguese word for "white."

brann

Norwegian word for "fire."

brasiator

Latin word for "brewer."

brasseur

French word for "brewer."

brassier

French word for "farmworker, laborer (old word)."

brat

Polish word for "brother."

bratanek

Polish word for "nephew."

bratanica

Polish word for "niece."

bratowa

Polish word for "sister-in-law."

bratr

Czech word for "brother."

bratranec

Czech word for "cousin (male)."

Brauer

German word for "brewer."

Braut

German word for "bride."

brazo

Spanish word for "arm."

braço

Portuguese word for "arm."

bredvid

Swedish word for "next to."

brenna

Icelandic word for "burn."

brenndur

Icelandic word for "burned, burning."

brennevinsbrenner

Norwegian word for "distiller of spirits."

Bretagne [oncle à la mode de Bretagne]

French word for "Brittany [first cousin of one's parent]."

brev

Danish and Norwegian word for "letter, correspondence."

Brief description, Family History Library Catalog™ on compact disc

 * A screen on the compact disc version of the Family History Library Catalog™ that shows the title of the source.

Brieve, Scotland

 * A document created by a chancery court in Scotland that summoned the local sheriff's court to hold a jury trial. Brieves were issued when a landowner died and the heir wished to take ownership of the land.

Brigadier, British

 * An officer in the British army who ranks below a major general. A brigadier commands a brigade.

Briggs Collection

 * A large collection of typed transcripts of wills, cemetery records, vital records, and other family records for families from the towns of West Greenwich, Exeter, and Coventry in Rhode Island. It was created by Anthony Tarbox Briggs and is at the Rhode Island Historical Society and on microfilm at the Family History Library™.

briquetier

French word for "brick maker."

British

 * Pertaining to something or someone from Great Britain. Many British people emigrated to the Americas, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

British census

 * A census taken by the British government in Britain, including England, Wales, Scotland, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands.

British Genealogical Record Users Committee

 * A group of organizations that are dedicated to preserving and providing access to genealogical and historical records.

British Library

 * The national repository for all materials published in England. It also has a large collection of manuscript materials. The British Library is one of the five copyright libraries in Great Britain.

British North America

 * The name used for colonies that remained in British hands after the Revolutionary War between 1783 (when Britain acknowledged the independence of the United States) and 1867 (when the Dominion of Canada was created).

brjóstsjúkdómur

Icelandic word for "chest disease."

brjóstÞyngsli

Icelandic word for "shortness of breath."

bro

Norwegian and Swedish word for "bridge."

broder

Danish word for "brother."

broderdatter

Danish word for "brother's daughter."

brodersøn

Danish word for "brother's son."

broeder, broer

Dutch word for "brother."

broer(s)

Afrikaans word for "brother(s)."

Bromwell Index

 * A five-volume alphabetical list of prominent people from Colorado. The index covers up to the year 1933 and is held by the Colorado Historical Society.

bror

Danish, Norwegian and Swedish word for "brother."

brordatter

Norwegian word for "brother's daughter."

brorsdotter

Swedish word for "niece, brother's daughter."

brorsson

Swedish word for "nephew, brother's son."

brorsønn

Norwegian word for "brother's son."

brostvark

Swedish word for "chest pain."

brouer

Afrikaans word for "brewer."

brouwer

Dutch word for "brewer."

Brown Books

 * A part of the Maryland State Papers that contains military and civilian communications dating from 1775 to 1803. The books also contain Revolutionary War correspondence, including lists of rebels, payments, seizures, arrests, and military engagements.

bru

French word for "daughter-in-law."

brud

Norwegian and Swedish word for "bride."

bruden

Danish word for "the bride."

Bruder

German word for "brother."

brudfolk

Swedish word for "bridal couple."

brudgom

Norwegian word for "bridegroom."

brudgommen

Danish word for "the bridegroom."

brudgum

Swedish word for "bridegroom."

brudpar

Swedish word for "bridal couple."

brug, Danish

Danish word for "use, outfit."

brug, Dutch

Dutch word for "bridge."

bruid

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "bride."

bruidegom

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "bridegroom."

bruk, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "farm, use."

bruk, Swedish

Swedish word for "foundry, mill, iron industry."

brukare

Swedish word for "tenant farmer, leaseholder."

bruksarbetare

Swedish word for "foundryman, mill hand, iron worker."

brumaire

French word for "the name of one of the months used in the French Republic Calendar."

During the years 1792 to 1806, the French used a unique calendar that related to the founding of the French Republic. The month names cannot be translated because they do not correspond to the months we know as January to December.

bryggare

Swedish word for "brewer."

brygger

Norwegian word for "brewer."

brygmester

Danish word for "brewer."

bryllup

Danish and Norwegian word for "wedding."

brzemienna

Polish word for "pregnant."

bräcklighet

Swedish word for "frailty."

Bräune

German word for "diptheria."

Bräutigam

German word for "bridegroom."

brændehugger

Danish word for "woodcutter."

brændevinsbrænder

Danish word for "distiller of spirits."

bræður

Icelandic word for "brothers."

bréf

Icelandic word for "letter, deed."

bróðir

Icelandic word for 'brother."

bróðursonur

Icelandic word for "nephew (brother's son)."

bröllop

Swedish word for "wedding."

bröstarvinge

Swedish word for "heir."

bröstfeber

Swedish word for "pneumonia."

bröstsjuka

Swedish word for "chest illness, pneumonia."

brúðgumi

Icelandic word for "bridegroom."

brúðhjón

Icelandic word for "bridal pair."

brúður

Icelandic word for "bride."

Brücke

German word for "bridge."

Bub

German word for "boy."

bucataia

Italian word for "washwoman."

Buch

German word for "book."

Buddhism

 * A major world religion founded in India in 500 B.C. by a teacher named Buddha. It has influenced religious, social, and cultural effects in much of Asia. In each area it has often combined with teachings from other religions such as Hinduism and Shinto. Zen Buddhism, practiced chiefly in Japan, has some distinctive differences. Buddha taught that each person's position in life was determined by actions in past lives. He sought to conquer attachments to worldly things.

bude

Czech word for "he will, she will, it will."

budeie

Norwegian word for "milkmaid."

budou

Czech word for "they will."

bueno (a)

Spanish word for "good."

buio

Italian word for "dark."

buitekant

Afrikaans word for "outside."

buiten(kant)

Dutch word for "outside."

buitendien

Afrikaans word for "besides."

buitenechtelijk

Dutch word for "illegitimate."

buono, -a

Italian word for "good."

bureau

French word for "office."

Bureau de l'état civil, France

 * The French term for a civil registration office.

Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, USA

 * Former name of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

Bureau of Indian Affairs

 * An agency of the United States government that manages and keeps the records of the government’s interaction with American Indian tribes.

Bureau of Land Management

 * An agency of the United States government that manages and maintains the government's survey and land records. The bureau also manages national lands and their resources, including mineral resources. The bureau was created in 1946 when the Government Land Office (GLO) and the Grazing Service were combined. It is under the Department of the Interior.

Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Freedmen's Bureau

 * An agency created by the United States Congress in 1865 to help former slaves make the transition to freedom. The bureau provided food, clothing, and shelter and created schools, hospitals, and universities. It distributed abandoned lands to former slaves. Although President Andrew Johnson twice vetoed bills to renew the agency, Congress repassed them and expanded the bureau's powers in 1866. The bureau was dissolved in 1872.

Bureau of the Census

 * The agency of the United States government charged with taking a national census every 10 years.

Burg

German word for "castle, fortress."

burgelijke administralie

Dutch word for "civil administration."

burgemeester

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "mayor."

burgensis

Latin word for "citizen, burgess."

burger

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "citizen."

burgerboek

Dutch word for "citizenship book."

burgerlijke ambtenaar

Dutch word for "civil registrar."

burgerlijke stand

Dutch word for "civil registration, civil administration."

burgerschap

Dutch word for "citizenship."

burgerskap

Afrikaans word for "citizenship."

Burgess

 * A resident of a city who has full rights of citizenship within the city. Tradesmen and craftsmen were burgesses. The term burgess can also refer to a freeman who lived in a rural area. In Scotland, a burgess is a craftsman or tradesman who lives and works within a burgh.

Burgh, Scotland

 * A city or town with a charter. There are three types.  Royal burghs have charters granted by the crown, and they send a representative to Parliament.  Burghs of regality and burghs of barony have charters granted by either a lord of regality or a baron (see above).  They do not send representatives to Parliament.  Also spelled borough.

Burgh court, Scotland

 * A Scottish court with jurisdiction over a royal burgh. These courts handled minor civil offenses.

Burgher

 * A citizen of a town.

Burghers Church, Scotland

 * A church that formed out of the Secession Church in 1745. This group believed that communion should not be withheld from people who took the Burgess Oath. In 1820 the Burghers and Anti-Burghers reunited.

Burial date

The date when a body was interred. This date may be the same day as the death date or a few days later.

Burial place

A spot where a body is buried. This spot may be next to a church, in a public or private cemetery, or on private property.

Burial plot

 * A specific piece of ground within a cemetery where an individual is or can be buried.

Burial record

 * A record detailing where a person is buried.

Burial register

 * A list of the people buried in a cemetery.

burmistrz

Polish word for "mayor."

burraio

Italian word for "dairyman."

burtfluttir

Icelandic word for "move out."

Business

A business is usually a commercial venture by private individuals or groups for the purpose of financial gain.

Business directory

 * A list of the names and addresses of businesses or business people.

Business pension

Money given to an individual (or the individual¿s spouse or dependents) who has retired from an organization. Starting in the late 1800s, large businesses gave pensions to employees when they retired. Pension records often give name, age, and length of service. They may give the date and place of birth and death, name of the spouse, and names and ages of the children.

Business Records and Commerce, Family History Library Catalog™

 * A subject heading used in the Family History Library Catalog to categorize information about businesses, trades, and other types of commerce.

buskap

Norwegian word for "livestock, crew."

buurman

Afrikaans and Dutch word for "neighbor."

buurt

Afrikaans word for "neighborhood."

buurtschap

Dutch word for "neighborhood."

Buyer

 * An individual purchasing something, such as a piece of land.

Bürgerbücher, Germany


 * A German term for citizenship books. In Germany, these books were used to record the names of people who had received the rights to citizenship. Also called Bürgerlisten.

Bürgerlisten, Germany


 * A German term for a citizenship book. In Germany, these books were used to record the names of people who had received the rights to citizenship. Also called Bürgerbücher.

by, Danish

Danish word for "town, city, village."

by, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "town, city."

by, Swedish

Swedish word for "village."

byc

Polish word for "to be."

bydlící

Czech word for "residing."

Byfogden, Denmark

 * The judge of a Danish city court. In the 1700s this court handled matters of commerce, such as citizenship records.

bygd, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "small country community, village."

bygd, Swedish

Swedish word for "countryside, region, area."

bygdebok

Norwegian word for "rural chronicles."

Bygdbøker, Norway

 * A Norwegian term meaning "rural chronicles" or "community books." The bygdbøker are Norwegian town histories that contain extensive genealogical information about the people living in the community.

bygningssnedker

Danish word for "joiner, carpenter."

bygsel

Norwegian word for "lease."

byl

Czech word for "was."

byl (byli)

Polish word for "was (were)."

byla

Czech word for "was."

byld

Danish word for "abscess."

byli

Czech word for "were."

byll

Norwegian word for "abscess."

byllepest

Norwegian word for "plague (bubonic)."

bylo

Czech word for "was."

byly

Czech word for "were."

byna

Afrikaans word for "almost, nearly."

bynaam

Afrikaans word for "nickname."

Byting, Denmark

 * A Danish city court. In the 1700s this was the court of first instance (the court where a case begins) in general cases.

byvrou

Afrikaans word for "concubine."

bába, Czech

Czech word for "grandmother."

bába, Hungarian

Hungarian word for "midwife."

bányamíves

Hungarian word for "miner."

bányász

Hungarian word for "miner."

báró

Hungarian word for "baron."

bátur

Icelandic word for "boat."

bátya

Hungarian word for "elder brother."

Bäcker

German word for "baker."

bägge

Swedish word for "both."

bägges barn

Swedish word for "child of both parents."

båd

Danish word for "boat, ship."

båda

Swedish word for "both."

både, Danish

Danish word for "both."

både, Norwegian

Norwegian word for "both, either."

bådebygger

Danish word for "shipbuilder."

bådsmand

Danish word for "boatswain, bosun."

båret

Danish and Norwegian word for "carried."

båt

Norwegian word for "boat, ship."

båtbygger

Norwegian word for "shipbuilder."

båtsman

Swedish word for "seaman, sailor."

båtsmann

Norwegian word for "boatswain, bosun."

bæjarnafn

Icelandic word for "name of farm."

bær

Icelandic word for "farm, town."

bære

Danish and Norwegian word for "carry."

Bécs

Hungarian word for "Vienna."

bélgyulladás

Hungarian word for "enteritis."

béres

Hungarian word for "hired farmworker."

bérmálás

Hungarian word for "confirmation (Catholic)."

bérmálók

Hungarian word for "persons being confirmed."

bêcheur

French word for "field worker."

bênção

Portuguese word for "blessing."

bílý

Czech word for "white."

bíró

Hungarian word for "judge."

bíróság

Hungarian word for "court."

Bóg

Polish word for "the Lord."

bókari

Icelandic word for "accountant."

bókbindari

Icelandic word for "book binder."

bókhaldari

Icelandic word for "bookkeeper."

bóksali

Icelandic word for "bookseller."

bóla

Icelandic word for "smallpox."

bólga

Icelandic word for "inflammation."

bólu

Polish word for "of pain."

bólusetja

Icelandic word for "vaccinate."

bóndi

Icelandic word for "farmer."

böcker

Swedish word for "books."

Böhmen

German word for "Bohemia."

böld

Swedish word for "abscess, boil."

börn

Icelandic word for "children."

böter

Swedish word for "fee, fine."

bötfälld

Swedish word for "fined."

Böttcher

German word for "cooper, barrel maker."

bødker

Danish word for "cooper."

bøkker

Norwegian word for "cooper, barrel maker."

børn

Danish word for "children."

børnebørn

Danish word for "grandchildren."

børnene

Danish word for "the children."

búa

Icelandic word for "live, reside."

búandi

Icelandic word for "resident."

búsetumaður

Icelandic word for "cottager, resident."

búskapur

Icelandic word for "farming."

búsqueda

Spanish word for "research."

bústaður

Icelandic word for "place of residence."

bústýra

Icelandic word for "housekeeper."

Büdner

German word for "cottager."

Bürger, German

German word for "burgher, citizen, citizens."

Bürgerbücher

A German term for citizenship books. In Germany, these books were used to record the names of people who had received the rights to citizenship. Also called Bürgerlisten.

Bürgerlisten

A German term for a citizenship book. In Germany, these books were used to record the names of people who had received the rights to citizenship. Also called Bürgerbücher.

Bürgermeister

German word for "mayor."

Büttner

German word for "cooper, barrel maker."

být

Czech word for "to be."

bývalý

Czech word for "former, the late (deceased)."