Norway Church Records

The Lutheran church records are the primary source for genealogical research in Norway. Church records [kirkebøker] provide excellent information on names, dates, and places of births, marriages, and deaths. Almost everyone who lived in Norway was recorded in a church record.

Records of births, marriages, and deaths are commonly called vital records because critical events in a person's life are recorded in them. Church records are vital records made by the pastor or his assistant. They are often referred to as parish registers or church books and include records of christenings, marriages, and burials. In addition, church records may include lists of members, confirmations, marriage banns, and accounts of people moving in and out of the parish.

Church records are crucial for Norwegian research. The Evangelical Lutheran Church became the state church (Statskirken) or national church (Den Norske Kirke, lit. The Norwegian Church), after the Reformation in 1536. As such, it is an arm of the national government. The church keeps the vital records for the government.

General Historical Background
Christianity came to Norway around 1152 to 1153 in the form of the Catholic church. The church was organized with an archbishop in Nidaros (now Trondheim), with ten bishop seats under him: four in Norway, two in Iceland, one in Greenland, one in the Faeore Islands, one in the Orkney Islands, and one in the Hebrides Islands and Isle of Man.

From the time of the Reformation in 1536, Norway became a Lutheran nation. From then until 1843 it was against the law to practice the Roman Catholic religion in Norway. Notable exceptions include Catholic congregations in Fredrikstad (since 1682), Kristiansand (since 1686), and Oslo (Kristiania) (since 1843). A few Quakers were also allowed to live near Stavanger in 1826, provided that they did not move out of the area.

The Norwegian government recognized only the state church prior to 1845, when it became legal to organize churches of other denominations. St. Olav's Catholic congregation in Oslo was organized that year. Its church building was completed in 1856, the same year Catholic missionary work was started in Northern Norway, the Alta as its seat. This work, also called the North Pole Miswsion (Nordpolmisjon), was abolished in 1869, and resumed its seat in Oslo.

There are no church records from the pre-Reformation times in Norway. Therefore, the earliest church records available are the Lutheran church records.

At a Congress of Deans held in April 1668, a resolution was adopted to introduce keeping parish records in Norway. However, it was not until 1688 that record keeping was required by law. Some pastors began keeping records much earlier. The earliest parish record dates from 1623. Church records for the state church are available in most areas beginning about 1700.

In 1845, the Nonconformist Act recognized Christian dissenter churches; however, the act required that everyone from all denominations notify the pastor of their local Lutheran parish of all births and marriages. The Nonconformist Act did not apply to Jews until 1851, when a constitutional provision repealed the exclusion. Few Norwegians belong to nonconformist religions. In 1989, only six percent of the population listed their religion as other than Lutheran.

A uniform system for keeping church records was introduced by royal ordinance in December 1812. The use of a standard form began during the winter of 1814. This form was replaced by a new one in 1820, and another in 1870. The form adopted in 1870 is basically the same one still in use today.

Because of concerns over possible destruction of church books by fire or loss, the Ordinance of 1812 required that a duplicate register be kept in a separate place. These records, called klokker bøker (clerk books), were kept by the parish clerk. The clerk books are designated as such in the Family History Library Catalog by the use of "kl" to the left of the volume and time period of the record.

Information Recorded in Church Records
At first, the record-keeping requirement was limited to baptisms, marriages, and burials. Confirmation registers of many parishes date from as early as 1736. Until a standard form was established in 1814, no directions were given on how to keep church records, so the records before that date vary greatly.

Baptisms [Døpte]
Prior to 1814, usually only the date of christening was listed. If only one date was given it was the christening date. Children were generally christened within a few days of birth.

This is the information usually found in the christening records:


 * name of child
 * name of parents. As you go back in time the mother's name is not always recorded
 * place of residence (name of farm)
 * names of godparents and witnesses
 * child's birth date/christening date
 * home christening date if the child was christened at home
 * father's occupation
 * records of stillbirths
 * legitimate/illegitimate
 * smallpox vaccination date

The spelling of a name was determined by the recorder, so many variations resulted. (There were no standarized spelling) For example, the given name Sivert might be spelled as Syver, Sjur, Siver, Sifuer, or Siffuer.

After 1814 a standardized form was generally used in recording the event. On this form was listed both the birth and christening date, both parents' names and place of residence, the child's legitimate or illegitimate status, and the names of godparents and witnesses. In larger cities, street addresses were also listed.

INTRODUCTIONS:

After given birth the mothers were considered "unclean". They were "unclean" for about 40 days. After that timeperiod the mothers would be formally reintroduced to the congregation. There were many superstitions regarding this timeperiod; many thing the mothers could or couldn't do.

Some parish records have a separate section for introductions, however, most can be found with the birth/christening records. The introdutions were done for the mothers of legitimate children only. The way back to church fellowship for mothers of illegitimate children were through the "absolutions"; as part of the church sermon, and where the women were expected to announce who the fathers of their illegitmate children were. (Bishop Eilifs statues of 1320)

See Baptism (Døpte) for more detailed information

Rules about Baptism (Dåp) in Norway. See entry from Store Norske Leksikon (in Norwegian only)

dåp Forfatter: Redaksjonen

Rettighet (lisens): fri

Sist endret: Etymologi: av gammelsaksisk dopi Dåp. Bulgarsk miniatyr. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Roma. dåp, seremoni med neddykking i vann eller overøsing med vann. Anvendelsen av vann til religiøs bruk finner vi innenfor flere religioner. Vask og bad har gjerne karakter av innvielse og renselse fra kultisk eller moralsk urenhet.

Dåp i kristendommen Jesus døpte innstiftet den kristne dåp i og med dåpsbefalingen (Matt 28,16–20). Dåp er det første og grunnleggende sakrament i den kristne kirke; i misjonssammenheng er det alltid dåpen som er det avgjørende skillet mellom hedning og kristen. Senest fra 500-tallet ble dåp av barn vanlig. På 1500-tallet innførte de mest radikale kirkelige reformatorer voksendåp og gjorde den avhengig av personlig tilslutning til kirken; man krevde at den som var døpt som barn måtte døpes igjen som voksen (se gjendøpere). Døpemåten var opprinnelig hel eller nesten hel neddykking i vannet (immersjon), noe som fortsatt praktiseres i den ortodokse kirke. I Vesten var det vanlig å nøye seg med å øse vann over barnets hode (infusjon) i middelalderen. Det var først med kirkens utbredelse til de germanske land at navngivningen ble forbundet med dåpen. Fadder-institusjonen finner vi omtalt første gang hos kirkefaderen Tertullian (ca. 200), men den er sannsynligvis eldre. Fadderens oppgave er å være vitne til at dåpen er utført på rett måte, å understøtte kirkens arbeid med å oppdra barnet i kristen tro, samt å be for barnet.

Se også døpefont.

Dåp i Norge (Christening in Norway) I middelalderen var det streng straff for å utsette barnets dåp lenger enn høyst nødvendig.I Norske Lov 1687 er fristen satt til 8 dager etter fødselen. Dette ble opphevet 1771, men ennå på 1800-tallet ble barna gjerne døpt 1–3 dager etter fødselen. Fordi dåp var regnet som nødvendig for å oppnå frelse, ble det tidlig tillatt andre enn geistlige å utføre den. I middelalderen spilte undervisningen om hvordan man skulle foreta den såkalte nød-dåp, stor rolle. Det var også fleksibilitet med hensyn til stedet for dåpen, særlig fra 1000-tallet av. Helst skulle den skje i sognekirken, men i nødsfall hvor som helst ellers.

The section: Dåp i Norge (Christening in Norway) Translates to:

In the middle ages it was against the law to delay a christening of a child longer than ablolutly necessary. According to the Norwegian law of 1687 it states that the christening of a child must take place within 8 days of the birth. This law was abolished in 1771, but still in the 1800s children were usually christened 1 to 3 days after the birth. Since the general belief was that christening was necessary to obtain salvation, the clergy of the church early on gave permission to others to perform christenings. During the middle ages education was given on how a person was to perform the christening. Flexibility was given concernng where a child should be christened, especially from year 1000 and later. The ideal place was the parish church, but in case of an emergancy it could be performed anywhere.

Etter at det ble åpnet for andre trossamfunn i Norge (Den første Dissenterloven fra 1845) gjelder dåpen som innmeldelse i et trossamfunn, f.eks. Den norske kirke. Mens ca. 96 % av nyfødte i 1960 ble døpt inn i Den norske kirke, var prosentandelen 78 i 2003, noe som utgjorde ca. 44 000 døpte.

Marriages [Viede., Vigde., Copulerede]
Information found in marriage records:


 * Names of bride and groom
 * marriage date
 * ages
 * place(s) of residence.
 * whether they were single or widowed at the time of the marriage
 * Occupations
 * names of bondsmen (two men who knew that the bride and groom were eligible to be married; in later records these were often the fathers of the bride and groom).
 * Sometimes a separate record of a couple's engagement [trolovelse] appears in the earlier records.
 * date of the engagement and the three dates on which the marriage intentions were announced. These announcements, called banns, allowed anyone who knew of any reason why the couple should not marry to come forward.
 * date of probate if there had been a previous marriage

After the 1830s, the records also include the names of their fathers and birthplaces.

Couples were usually married in the bride's home parish. Typically, the bride and groom were in their twenties when they married.

See marriage customs

Burials [Begravede]
Burials were recorded in the parish where the person was buried. The burial usually took place in the parish where the person died, one to two weeks after the death occurred. In the wintertime the actual time between death and burial could have been weeks or even months.

Information found in the burial records:


 * name of the deceased
 * date of death/burial. If only one date was given it was the burial date.
 * place of residence
 * age
 * occupation
 * cause of death
 * For young children, the name of the child's father is usually given.
 * Stillbirths were usually recorded in church burial registers.
 * As you go back in time you might find the name of wives husbands.

Burial records may exist for individuals who were born before birth records and marriage records were kept.

Some or all of the information can be found in the death and burial records. There are usually less information the farther back in time you search.

Some of the birth, marriage, and death records (mainly Bergen and a few other parishes) are also available on the Internet at:

http://digitalarkivet.uib.no/cgi-win/WebFront.exe?slag=vis&amp;tekst=meldingar

When you find the address, click on "Kirkebøker" (church books). Hard copies of these records in both Norwegian and English are also available for purchase. They can be ordered through the following address:

Registreingssentral for historiske data Ekspedisjon Universitetet i Tromsø N-9037 Tromsø Norway Telephone: 47 77 64 41 81 Internet: http://www.rhd.uit.no

See Burials (Begravelse) for information on burial customs.

Confirmation [Konfirmasjon]
Although a person's first communion was important, before 1736 little formal religious instruction was given regarding it. However, in that year the Lutheran state church required that young people be instructed in catechism and pass a test before taking the first communion. This test and the first communion was called confirmation. No one was permitted to marry in the Lutheran church unless they had been confirmed.

Confirmation usually took place when a young person was between the ages of 14 to 20 years old. The candidate was usually nearer 19 years of age in the period close to 1736 and 14 to 16 years of age later.

Pre-1815 confirmation records:


 * first and last name
 * age
 * place of residence

After 1814 confirmation records:


 * first and last name
 * name of the head of household where the youth lived
 * age
 * birth and/or baptism date
 * place of residence and birth were recorded
 * notes on behaviour and knowledge were given

After 1830's the parents names were also listed

See Confirmation (Konfirmasjon) for more information.

Vaccination (Vaksinasjon)
During the lats part of 1700's smallpox vaccination was encouraged in Norway, and records of those vaccinated can be found in the parish register. In the early records the pastor listed all the children vaccinated on a particular day. These records may also list the person who performed the vaccination. After 1814 this information was sometimes added as a notation on the christening record. The main genealogical value of vaccination records is to show that a person resided in a parish at a given time. When the vaccination date is given in more than one record it can also be a way to verify that the person you have is the right one by comparing those dates.

Arrivals/Departures (Innflyttede/Uttflyttdede)
Some records of arrivals to and departures from parishes were kept prior to 1814. The printed forms in 1814 included information about people moving into a given parish and their departures to other parishes. The arrival records may list the person's name, age or birth date, occupation, former residence, and new residence. The departure lists give similar information. These records are important sources for following the movement of the working class. They often include citations given to people leaving a parish for North America.

See Arrivals/Departures for more information.

Locating Church Records
The parish registers are kept at the local parish church until 80 years have passed since the date of the last entry. The registers are then sent to the state archive for the area. (See the "Archives and Libraries" section.) The duplicate copy of the register is sent to the state archive as soon as it is filled.

You must determine which parish your ancestor belonged to so that you will know which parish registers to search. Small villages that did not have their own churches were part of a larger parish, which is referred to by the town where the church was located. To identify the parish a farm or village belonged to, see the "Gazetteers" section.

Parish boundary maps can also be extremely helpful when determining which parish church records to search. They can also help you identify neighboring parishes if you need to search more than one parish in a region.

Barn fra andre trossamfunn (Children of other Denominations)
Children of other denominations should be listed in the Lutheran church records up to 1969, but this did not always happen. Children of Jewish descent are usually not listed in the Lutheran church records. They are listed in their own records, which by law should have been reported to the Amtmann and Magistrat (county officials) yearly from 1846-1891. The County official was to bring the records to the State Archive, but unfortunately these lists are not complete. However, children of other denominations are always listed in the fødselsregister (Registers of Vital Statistics).

Fødeklinikker (Birth Clinics)
Birth Clinick and homes were establised in the 1800's. They made their own archives of birth journals as well as birth indexes. The birth journals have been deposited in the byarkiv (City Archives) and the birth indexes are deposited in Statsarkivet (State Archives).

Jordmorprotokoller (Records kept by the midwife)
The midwife would also keep a record, or diary of children born. In the year 1900 these records were standardized and you will find the name of the mother, her marrital status, birth number (if it was her first, second etc.), if natural birth or complications, condition of mother (father), sex of the child, the child's health, name of the child will not be listed in these records. Each birth is listed in birthdate order and may include the time. If a midwife served in several clerical district she was to keep a separate record for each. A midwife was not ordered by law to bring her records to the archive, but many of these records are available in the State Archives and in the Community Archives. They are listed with the records for the District Physicians or as their own record.

A midwife was to report a living birth to Sunnhetskommisjonen/Helserådet (Health Department) within 8 days of the birth. Stillborn children or children who died shortly after birth were to be reported to the parish priest within 24 hours. The parish priest was to send his report to the Health Department once a month.

Records at the Family History Library
The Family History Library has many Norwegian church records on microfilm. The collection includes all existing parish registers from their beginning until about 1920. This collection continues to grow as new records are microfilmed.

To find these church records in the Family History Library Catalog, look in the Place search under:


 * NORWAY, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CHURCH RECORDS.

Records Not at the Family History Library
Baptism, marriage, and burial records with entries from the last 80-year period are located at the local parish church. Occasionally, pastors delay sending their old church books to the archives, so some local parishes may have records that are older than 80 years. You may write in English to local parishes for information from this most recent time period. When writing, always include a self-addressed envelope with three international postage coupons.