Slovakia Finding Town of Origin

Geographical Considerations
Your immigrant ancestors may report in United States records that they were from Hungary, Russia, Ukrainia, Ruthenia, Slovakia, or Czechoslovikia.
 * Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest.
 * Until 1918 it belonged to Hungary, with a small part in Ruthenia.
 * After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Slovakia and the regions of Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia and Carpathian Ruthenia formed Czechoslovakia (1918-1939.)
 * A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II, under Nazi Germany.
 * At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country.
 * Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Source, made up of the old regions of Hungarian Slovakia and Russian Ruthenia. Source: Wikipedia: Slovakia

Finding the Town of Birth
In order to research your family in Slovakia, it is essential that you have identified the place where they came from. You must know the city, town, or parish that they came from. Many records are indexed, but some records will require going directly to photocopied local records, which are only available by town name. Therefore, you will need to search in United States (or other country of arrival) sources first.

Important Tips
Before you can begin to search in the records of Slovakia you must find that one record that gives the name of his or her hometown. You must also know enough about the ancestor to positively identify him in the records. Dates (even if they are approximate), places, and familial connections are key to helping you decide if a person you find, who has the same name as your ancestor, really is your ancestor.


 * Do you know the name of his parents?
 * Do you know his birth, marriage, or death date or can you calculate an approximate range of years to search for his birth, marriage, or death?
 * Do you know the name of his wife? Did they marry before or after coming to the United States?
 * Do you know the names of any of his siblings?
 * Do you know the names of any children born in Slovakia?

Other Helpful Background Information

 * When did the immigrant arrive in America?
 * In which specific area did he settle?
 * Which records exist for that area?
 * In which port did he arrive? Which records exist or are available?
 * Was the immigrant prominent? Was the surname unusual or common?
 * Did the immigrant come alone or did he come as part of a group or with a religious leader?
 * Which historical events were occurring in Europe, and also in America, that could have played a role in influencing emigration or immigration?
 * Did anyone appear on the passenger list with the ancestor, who settled in the same area as the immigrant?

Documents in the Home
Often the document you need to pinpoint the place of origin of your ancestor from Slovakia is already found at home. These might include the following:


 * Birth certificates
 * Marriage certificates or licenses
 * Death certificates
 * Obituaries
 * Funeral cards
 * Journals
 * Photographs
 * Letters
 * Family Bible
 * Naturalization papers
 * Citizenship papers
 * Military service records

Emigration Questions to Ask Relatives
Find the oldest living relatives that you can and ask them:


 * 1) What do you know about our first ancestor to come from Slovakia? (open-ended)
 * 2)  Have you ever heard mention of towns in Slovakia where the family lived?
 * 3)  Do you have contact with any relatives in Slovakia?
 * 4) . Do you have contact with other branches of the family in the U.S.?
 * 5) . When _____________ came from Slovakia, did he travel with other family members?
 * 6) . Do you know when _________________ arrived and which port city?
 * 7)  Did _______________ever become a citizen?
 * 8)  Did_________________fight in World War I or II?
 * 9)  When they first came, were there already family members here who they joined?
 * 10)  Did_______________ever mention their parents in Slovakia?
 * 11)  Were they Catholic?
 * 12)  Do you have any old letters or postcards from your Slovakia family?
 * 13)  Do you have any pictures of family members in Slovakia?

Search Genealogies Compiled by Others

 * Collecting Previous Research by Others Part Two: Online Family Tree Collections
 * Collecting Previous Research by Others Part Three: Digitized Books
 * Collecting Previous Research by Others Part Four: FamilySearch Wiki Tools

Emigration Records
The process of emigrating from one country to another generated various records. Records of departure in the country of origin are called emigration records.


 * Hamburg - The Hamburg Passenger Lists contain the names of millions of Europeans who departed Europe from Hamburg, Germany between 1850 and 1934 (except 1915–1919). Nearly 90 percent of the people who emigrated from eastern Europe during this time are included on these lists. The lists are made up of two sections: The Direct and The Indirect Passenger Lists. Each section has its own separate handwritten index. Combined index 1850-1871 also exists. These passenger lists and indexes are most fully described in Hamburg Passenger Lists. Note: the old Hamburg Passenger Lists Resource Guide has been incorporated into the article. Also see the microfiche instructions in Hamburg Passenger Lists. Hamburg Police Registers of city residents and passports issued also exist.
 * Bremen - Bremen began keeping passenger lists in 1832, but most lists have been destroyed. Currently, 2953 passenger lists dating from 1920 to 1939 are available on the Internet. For further information check the web site Die Maus.
 * Antwerp, Belgium
 * Le Havre, France
 * Rotterdam, The Netherlands
 * Other Ports - primarily located along the Eastern sea board and included Stettin, Gdank, Libau, Memel,and Riga. No passenger lists are known to have survived.

Census Records

 * Search census records, available for the United States, Canada, England, and other countries. Censuses are often taken every ten years.
 * Try to locate your ancestor in every census during which he or she was alive. This information provides a good framework for further research.
 * The 1850-1880 U.S. federal censuses sometimes lists Slovakian region as birth place.
 * The censuses for 1900 to 1930 ask for the year of immigration and whether or not the person was naturalized. This information can help you find naturalization records or a passenger list.
 * Censuses can be accessed online. Links to both free and subscription websites are found at United States Census Online Genealogy Records.
 * State census records vary in availability and the type of information they contain, but they are always useful as another source to document an ancestor in a specific locality. See U.S. Online Genealogy Records by State for links to online state censuses.

'''Example: This 1900 census shows the birthdates and birthplaces of the family members and their parents. It tells the years the parents immigrated and how many years they have lived in the U.S. "Pa" indicates that they have filed papers to become citizens.

Vital Records
Vital records, or civil birth, marriage, and death records document important events in an ancestor’s life. Many states have posted statewide indexes on the Internet. Understand that any birth, marriage, or death certificate gives information about other people besides the primary person it is about
 * 1. It is important to remember that a birth certificate for a child might tell it's parents' birthplaces.
 * 2. Marriage certificates might name birth dates and places of the bride and groom. They might also give the names and birth places of the parents of the bride and groom.
 * 3. Death certificates are very important. Birth and marriage certificates might not have kept by a state during the earlier years of your ancestor's life.  There is a greater chance that your ancestor died after detailed record-keeping began. Death certificates frequently state birth date and place.  They also state the names of parents and their birth places.

There are wiki articles giving details on how to find vital records of each state. How-To Articles.
 * You can select the state of interest and the record (birth, marriage, or death) from this list:
 * Many records may be online. See U.S. Online Genealogy Records by State, for online vital record databases.

Cemetery Records
Websites such as FindAGrave and Billion Graves are making it easier to get information from headstones, which frequently give birth dates, and occasionally give birth places. Each state has additional collections of cemetery records. See U.S. Online Genealogy Records by State for links to other online cemetery records. Every state also has a Cemetery topic page you can search, for example, California Cemeteries, Washington Cemeteries. etc.

Example: This FindAGrave entry gives the birthdate, birthplace in Slovakia, the parents' names, and even the location of the baptism record.

Obituaries
Obituaries are an excellent source of biographical information about immigrants. In addition to names and death dates, you can learn about surviving family members, church affiliations, spouses, parents, occupations, burial places, and hometowns in the old country. Even if a place of origin is not given, an obituary may provide additional research clues, such as the date or ship of immigration or traveling companions. Much of this information cannot be found in other sources. For many immigrants, an obituary is the only “biographical sketch” ever written about them. See U.S. Online Genealogy Records by State for links to online obituary collections. If the town of death is known, Google newspapers in that town and contact them to see if they kept archives of their obituaries.
 * U.S. Obituary Collection, 1930-2017
 * U.S. Online Genealogy Records by State

Example: This obituary gives the birthdate, birthplace in Slovakia, and patents' names of the subject.

Social Security

 * The application for the Social Security card may also contain a town of birth. These records are available for deceased individuals who died after 1935 when Social Security began.
 * U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 ($)
 * U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007, Incomplete, ($).
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index does not cover every application--it has sort of an eclectic mix of what got included. If you find your ancestor in the Social Security Death Index but not in the Social Security Applications and Claims Index, you can send away for a copy of the application.
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index does not cover every application--it has sort of an eclectic mix of what got included. If you find your ancestor in the Social Security Death Index but not in the Social Security Applications and Claims Index, you can send away for a copy of the application.

Military Records
Draft records for World War I and II ask for birth place.
 * Index and images.
 * U.S. WW I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 Indexes and images. ($)
 * U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, ($), index and images
 * Images with partial index.
 * U.S., Alien Draft Registrations, Selected States, 1940-1946,($), index and images.


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Passenger Arrival Lists
Passenger lists, especially in the 20th century, may list birth place, last residence in mother country, and name and residence of a close relative in the mother country. Study the records of fellow passengers, as frequently relatives and neighbors traveled together. United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records is a comprehensive list of passenger arrival databases that you can search right now from your computer. There are many, many databases. The following search strategy will make your search more efficient.

Suggested Search Strategy
'''Example: This first page of passenger list gives several clues that can lead to records in Slovakia.
 * 1) Check the partner website indexes, as these cover many, many databases at once. The FamilySearch Historical Records databases is free to search with a free registered account. The other websites are subscription-based but can be searched for free at a  Family History Center near you.  Try to search each partner site because their search engines can often bring up slightly different results.
 * 2) If it is difficult for you to get access to the subscription databases, next try Additional Nationwide Collections Not Included in Partner Sites. These websites have a lot of overlap with the subscription websites.
 * 3) Search a nationality, religious, or political group collection that applies to your ancestor.
 * 4) Search the state collection for the first state where your ancestor lived.
 * 5) Read Tracing Immigrant Origins to learn about many other records that substitute for immigration records.

Naturalization Records

 * Naturalization records may also list an ancestor’s birth place.
 * Prior to 1906 any U.S. court could naturalize foreigners. Many pre-1900 records only list the country of citizenship; however, there are notable exceptions, so these records should be checked routinely.
 * The process involved two sets of papers: a declaration of intention to become a U.S. citizen, and a petition filed some time later.
 * Beginning in 1906, naturalization records became more detailed, as the responsibility shifted to the Federal government.
 * More information about naturalization records, along with helpful links, is found at Beginning Research in United States Naturalization Records and United States Naturalization Online Genealogy Records.

Passport Applications

 * U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925, ($), index and images

Example: This passport application gives the birthdate and birthplace of the applicant in Slovakia and his father's name and birthplace,

Alien Registration

 * Alien Registration Form: If your ancestor lived in the United States between 1 August 1940 and 31 March 1944. Search the index online, by entering the person's name and the term A-File. If you find a catalog entry for the person, then order the full file.

'''Example: This online index entry for an A-File gives minimal identifying information. You then send for the full file which can contain birth records, marriage records, and other legal documents.'''