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England Norfolk Marriage Bonds (FamilySearch Historical Records)

Drafted by David Gobbitt 10 June 2012

Contents

 * Record content
 * Record description
 * Background information and jurisdiction
 * Indexes and other finding aids
 * Related websites
 * Related wiki articles

[No editing of the following sections, except changing the capitalization of the subheadings to sentence-style and repositioning "Citation for this collection" if possible.]


 * Contributions to this article
 * Citation for this collection
 * Citing FamilySearch historical collections
 * Citation example for records in found this collection

Record content
The key genealogical facts found in these records may include the following information:


 * Names of bride and groom
 * Ages of bride and groom (often only whether or not they were over 21)
 * Residences of bride and groom
 * Marital status of bride and groom
 * Parish church in which they planned to marry
 * Occupations of groom and bondsman
 * Names of parents or guardians of minors

[Existing sample mages here.]

Record description
The marriage license allegations (affidavits) and bonds in this collection are in roughly chronological order under four ecclesiastical courts:


 * Norwich Consistory Court 1557-1902 (the diocesan or bishop's court)
 * Norfolk Archdeaconry Court 1670-1886 (no images online before 1715)
 * Norwich Archdeaconry Court 1660-1915 (no images online after 1854)
 * Dean and Chapter of Norwich Peculiar Court 1725-1847

Although most bonds and allegations have survived, some are in poor condition and difficult to read, especially when the microfilmed images are badly focused. Until 1733, marriage bonds were written partly in Latin but the wording was standardized and is easier to decipher in the printed forms that were in use by the 1690s.

Many of the pages are out of order, so researchers should browse through the records if they do not find what they are seeking in the expected place.

Background information and jurisdiction
Couples could decide to pay for a license if they wanted to marry in a hurry (thus bypassing the public calling of banns on three consecutive Sundays) or if they preferred not to get married in their normal parish(es) of residence. Other reasons are explained in Marriage Allegations, Bonds and Licences in England and Wales.

For a marriage by license, three types of document were created: an allegation, a bond (until 1823) and a license. A marriage allegation was an affidavit (a sworn statement) made usually by the groom, attesting that the couple could legally marry. A marriage bond was a contract entered into by a relative (often the father of the bride or groom) or friend and usually the groom himself. They promised to pay a large fine to the church officials in the event of any legal impediment to the marriage, such as consanguinity or affinity (close kinship by blood or marriage) or an existing pre-contract (betrothal to another partner). In 1823 the requirement for bonds was abolished, while allegations continued to be sworn. Licenses themselves were not normally retained for long after being handed to the officiating minister, but a few survive with parish records and a series from the Norwich Consistory Court (1903-1988) is described in the information leaflet produced by the Norfolk Record Office.

Marriage licenses could be granted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, bishops or archdeacons and their deputies or surrogates (designated local clergymen) within their respective jurisdictions. Rural surrogates often kept bonds and allegations for some time (usually less than three years but possibly up to ten) before submitting them to the court's registry, where they were customarily filed in bundles by year of receipt, not by date of creation. It may therefore be necessary to look in several later bundles to find relevant documents.

The Norwich Consistory Court (NCC) had jurisdiction over almost all of Norfolk and (until the 19th century) Suffolk, plus a small number of parishes in Cambridgeshire. The other three courts in this collection covered various parts of Norfolk. For more information about these courts and their jurisdictions see the Norfolk Record Office's leaflet and GenUKI's Church Administration Areas Directory for Norfolk. Alternatively, select a parish at England Jurisdictions 1851 and then click on the Jurisdictions tab in the Info box, where the name of the "Probate Court" will be the same as the lowest court for marriage licensing.

In practice, jurisdiction conventions were not always followed. Couples living within a single archdeaconry had no need to obtain a license from a higher court like the NCC, but they often did so. Officially, couples living in separate dioceses came under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury (see Marriage Allegations, Bonds and Licences in England and Wales), particularly if one partner was in the Province of York. But they too can sometimes be found among the records of the NCC and even the archdeaconry courts in the Diocese of Norwich.

It should be noted that the existence of a marriage bond or allegation does not prove that the couple actually married as planned. The wedding may have been called off, or the license may have been accepted at a different church from the one(s) specified. If there is a second bondsman named John Doe with no stated occupation or address, he is likely to be fictitious (as also in certain types of court case, where a hypothetical plaintiff would be named John Doe and the respondent Richard Roe). Surrogates who used this legal fiction presumably had sufficient faith in the credentials of the single real bondsman.

Indexes and other finding aids
For a 1986 listing of marriage bonds and indexes, see Jeremy Gibson’s "Bishops Transcripts and Marriage Licences, Bonds and Allegations: A Guide to their Location and Indexes," available at the Family History Library.

The Family History Library also has indexes to some of these marriage bonds:


 * "Index of Marriage License Bonds in Norfolk Peculiar Jurisdictions 1624-1860, in Norfolk Genealogy, vol. 16" Held at the Family History Library
 * "Index of Marriage License Bonds in the Archdeaconry of Norfolk, 1813-1837 in Norfolk Genealogy, v. 25" Held at the Family History Library
 * "Index of Marriage License Bonds in the Archdeaconry of Norwich, 1813-1837 in Norfolk Genealogy, v. 23" Held at the Family History Library

Additional unpublished indexes are held at the Norfolk Record Office, as described in their leaflet.

The Society of Genealogists has an extensive collection of indexed abstracts from "Norfolk and Suffolk Marriage Licences" relating to bonds and allegations of the Norwich Consistory Court, several East Anglian archdeaconry courts and perhaps others (1549-1799). This may be the most comprehensive index of its kind but it is not available online. Originally compiled by Arthur Bertram Campling (1871-1947), it was typed in 1975 and can now be seen on microfilm at the Society's premises in London.

Many marriage license bonds and allegations are indexed at FamilySearch.org. Regrettably, the results do not show the online image numbers or the bundles in which they can be found, and the name of the issuing court is seldom clear. Without checking the film number (see below), it may not even be apparent that the source is a marriage license record, unless the user is aware of clues such as these:


 * Birth Date or Age: If ages are shown before 1837, they are almost certainly from a marriage license allegation or bond, as earlier marriage registers did not normally record them. (Most brides and grooms were 21 years "and upwards" so their calculated birth dates are not necessarily accurate.)


 * Marriage Date: If this is a little earlier than the date in the parish register, it is probably the date of the license documents. (These dates are more likely to be the same if the minister who performed the wedding ceremony was the person who had supplied the license.)


 * Marriage Place: Sometimes the full name of the court is stated here (such as "Norwich Consistory Court, Norfolk, England"). Occasionally an authorized parish church (or more than one) is given. If no parish is specified, then:
 * "Norwich, Norfolk, England" can indicate the Norwich Consistory Court
 * "Norfolk, England" can indicate the Norwich Consistory Court or the Norfolk Archdeaconry Court


 * Indexing Project (Batch) Number: This begins with the letter "I" for marriage license records but also for many bishop's or archdeacon's transcripts and other records; check the film number (see below) to differentiate between them. (The standard prefix for marriages extracted from parish registers is "M".)


 * Source Film Number: This is usually the best indicator of the relevant court. Make a "Film Numbers" search in the Family History Library Catalog or refer to these ranges:
 * Films 1526941 and 1526942: Dean and Chapter of Norwich Peculiar Court
 * Films 1595585 to 1595993 (with many gaps) and 1596037: Norwich Consistory Court
 * Films 1596234 to 1596348: Norwich Archdeaconry Court
 * Films 1596460 to 1596599 (with several gaps) and 1596653: Norfolk Archdeaconry Court


 * Reference Number: This can be very useful if it gives the folio number of the bond or allegation, which is sometimes written at the top of the page and may be indicated in an alpha-numerical list of grooms (surnames arranged alphabetically by initial letter only, notably at the beginning of most NCC bundles between 1695 and 1751). An item number (for example "item 4, p78") can help to identify one of several bundles on the same film. Less usefully, the Reference Number field often displays nothing, or just a year (such as "1825" or "1826" for NCC documents dated 1825 in the 1820-1826 bundle).

Indexing at FamilySearch.org is not complete. Some bundles have not been indexed at all. In at least one of the NCC bundles (1783-1784), nearly half of the images (484 to 956) are not indexed.

Related websites

 * Norfolk Record Office
 * Norfolk Record Office Information Leaflet 48: Marriage Licence Bonds
 * Norfolk Record Office online catalogue

Related wiki articles

 * England
 * England Church Records
 * Marriage Allegations, Bonds and Licences in England and Wales
 * Norfolk
 * Quick Research Links - England
 * Suffolk Church Records