Indiana Emigration and Immigration

United States Emigration and Immigration lists several important sources for finding information about immigrants. These nationwide sources include many references to people who settled in Indiana. Tracing Immigrant Origins introduces principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor’s original hometown.

Early. French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, came from Michigan down to Northern Indiana in 1679. Not long after, traders from the Carolinas and Pennsylvania areas began to settle in the Ohio and Wabish Rivers regions in Indiana. These settlements caused alarm among the French who used the rivers to trade. Subsequently, the French began building forts in the early 18th century. These included Fort-Miami, Fort-Ouiatanon, and Fort-Vincennes. The land was ceded to the British in 1763, and the United States in 1783. American settlement began before 1800 and increased substantially after the War of 1812, when Native Americans were removed from their lands. The earliest American settlers came mainly from Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Maryland. Beginning about 1830, many settlers came from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Eventually, settlers from the middle Atlantic states and Ohio outnumbered those from the Southern slave states.

Indiana did not attract as many overseas immigrants in the mid-nineteenth century as other Midwestern states. Over half of those who came to Indiana directly from overseas were of German origin, with the Irish a distant second. Most of the present Indiana population is of English, Scottish, Irish, or German descent.

Before 1850 most immigrants reached Indiana by a water route, such as the Ohio River. In 1816, when Indiana was admitted as a state, the population was concentrated in three areas: in a band along the southern boundary of the Ohio River; along the Wabash River between its junction with the Ohio River and Terre Haute; and along the Ohio-Indiana state line.

Most of the settlers were still in the southern half of the state by 1850, but after that date, as railroads were built and industrialization took place, the northern cities and counties began to fill. Around 1900, East Chicago, Gary, and South Bend attracted Polish and other eastern and southern European immigrants.

Iowa was the favorite destination of those leaving Indiana in the 1850s, but by 1880 more were leaving Indiana for Illinois, Kansas, and Missouri.

Online Records
 * 1945 - 1956 at FamilySearch — index

For additional information on pre–1850 migration patterns and the location of settlers from specific states and regions within the individual Indiana counties, see:

German Immigrants in Indiana Church Records. Roger Minert, ed. Rockport, Maine : Picton Press, c2005-201. Vol. 1 of this 10 volume set deals with Indiana Protestants.

Rose, Gregory S. "Hoosier Origins: The Nativity of Indiana’s United States-born Population in 1850." Indiana Magazine of History 81 (September 1985): 201-202. .) This article contains maps and charts showing Indiana counties, the nativity of the population of each county, and the migration routes into Indiana.

For migration settlements from Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee, see:

Rose, Gregory S. "Upland Southerners: The County Origins of Southern Migrants to Indiana by 1850." Indiana Magazine of History 82 (September 1986): 242-63. ) This article discusses the migration into Indiana from the upper southern states and shows the states of birth and previous residences of Indiana settlers prior to 1850.

Lang, Elfrieda. "An Analysis of Northern Indiana’s Population in 1850." Indiana Magazine of History 49 (March 1953): 17–60. (Family History Library book ) This includes charts and graphs showing the nativity and age distribution of residents in the individual counties.

Lang, Elfrieda. "Ohioans in Northern Indiana before 1850." Indiana Magazine of History 49 (December 1953): 391–404. (Family History Library book ) This report shows where Ohio settlers settled in northern Indiana.

Lang, Elfrieda. "Southern Migrants to Northern Indiana before 1850." Indiana Magazine of History 50 (December 1954): 349-56. (Family History Library book ) In addition to showing the migration routes from the south into northern Indiana, this article shows where the settlers came from in the southern states.

Major Ports of Entry
Evansville was made a United States port of entry in 1856, but there are no passenger lists. Evansville was the gateway to Indiana for overseas immigrants coming by way of New Orleans. There are passenger lists available on microfilm through the National Archives and the Family History Library from New Orleans for 1820 to 1952, and indexes for 1820 to 1850 and 1853 to 1952. After about 1857, when the railroads were completed, the majority of immigrants arrived through eastern ports, such as New York.

More information on immigration sources can be found in Tracing Immigrant Origins and United States Emigration and Immigration.

Publications Listing Immigrants

There are many publications that list immigrants from different countries, such as Czechoslovakia, Germany, Greece, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Russia, Scotland, and Sweden. Many of these publications are indexed in:

Filby, P. William. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index. For a full citation see [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration.

Websites
Indiana Statewide Naturalization Index: http://www.state.in.us/serv/icpr_naturalization

Floyd County naturalizations and List of emigrants to Liberia: http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=/dc007

Madison County: http://www.and.lib.in.us/cemetery/naturalization.shtml

Orange County: http://www.usgennet.org/usa/in/county/orange/pre_natrec.htm