Latvia Finding Town of Origin

Finding the Town of Origin
In order to research your family in Latvia, it is essential that you identify the place they came from. It is not enough to know only ‘Latvia.' You must know the city, town, or parish that they came from. In many cases, it will be difficult to identify the place of origin by going directly to Latvian sources. Therefore, you will need to search in sources of the country your ancestors immigrated to first.

What You Need to Know to Begin Research in Latvia
Prior to performing research in Latvian records, it is essential that you know:


 * 1) The given and surname of your ancestor.
 * 2) The exact place name.
 * 3) The time frame.
 * 4) The religion of your ancestor

Name
Before you can embark in meaningful research, you need to be clear about the name of your ancestor. Following the paper trail of your ancestor in the United States or the country that they immigrated to may give you clues. Search ship lists, naturalization records, church records, civil records or any record where your ancestor's name may have been recorded. Also keep in mind that many record keepers Americanized names or recorded them according to sound. For example, your ancestor may have been Jānis in Latvia, but when he immigrated to the United States, he may have taken on the name John. Or, if your ancestor immigrated to Latin America, Janis may have become Juan. Also remember that spellings were not standardized, so you may come across a variety of different spellings for both your ancestor's given names and surnames. Just because the spelling may not be what you are familiar with does not mean that it is not your ancestor.

Place Name
Another very important piece of evidence to find is the correct town of origin of an ancestor. Again, a given place name may be spelled according the recorder’s understanding. It is not enough information to just know that your ancestor came from Latvia. Even to know the Russian Empire jurisdiction of gubernia (state) or uyezd (county), is helpful, but not enough. The best places to locate information about the hometown

Time Frame
It is also most helpful to know the time frame when you search for a Latvian ancestor. All successful research is based on knowing the availability of records for a given time period.

Religious Affiliation
As civil registration wasn't begun until after the early twentieth century, for research prior to then, you will rely upon church records. Knowing which religion your ancestor belonged to will help you locate the proper records.

Search Home Sources
Thoroughly go over all home sources available to you, including family history papers, copies of records, pictures, old letters (i.e. with an old address), family bibles, journals/diaries, copies of vital record certificates and church records, memorabilia etc. Interview extended family and close relatives as well as former neighbors--all of which may prove very helpful in gathering as much knowledge about an ancestor as possible.


 * Collecting Previous Research by Others Part One: Home and Relative Sources
 * Gather Family Information

Questions to Ask Relatives
Find the oldest living relatives that you can and ask them:


 * What do you know about our first ancestor to come from Latvia? (open-ended)


 * Have you ever heard mention of towns in Latvia where the family lived?
 * Do you have contact with any relatives in Latvia?
 * Do you have contact with other branches of the family in the U.S.?
 * When _____________ came from Latvia, did he/she travel with other family members?
 * Do you know when _________________ arrived and which port city?
 * Did _______________ ever become a citizen?
 * Did_________________ fight in World War I or II?
 * When they first came, were there already family members here who they joined?
 * Did_______________ ever mention their parents, siblings, or other family members in Latvia?
 * What religion did they belong to?
 * Do you have any old letters or postcards from family in Latvia?
 * Do you have any pictures of family members in Latvia?

Search Genealogies Compiled by Others

 * Collecting Previous Research by Others Part Two: Online Family Tree Collections
 * Collecting Previous Research by Others Part Three: Digitized Books
 * Collecting Previous Research by Others Part Four: FamilySearch Wiki Tools

Nineteenth Century Census Records
Search nineteenth century census records, available for the United States, Canada, England, and other countries. Censuses are often taken every ten years.


 * Try to locate your ancestor in every census during which he or she was alive. This information provides a good framework for further research.
 * Censuses may state "Russia" rather than Latvia, as Latvia was a part of the Russian Empire at the time.
 * The censuses for 1900 to 1930 ask for the year of immigration and whether or not the person was naturalized. This information can help you find naturalization records or a passenger list.
 * State census records vary in availability and the type of information they contain, but they are always useful as another source to document an ancestor in a specific locality.

Vital Records
Vital records are birth, marriage, or death records. Locate all vital records for your ancestor. Keep in mind that the birth, marriage, and death records often contain information about other people (spouse or parents) besides just the primary person the record is focused on. As such, locate vital records for your ancestor's spouse(s) and children. It may even be useful to locate the vital records of any known siblings.


 * It is important to remember that a birth certificate for a child might tell about parents' birthplaces.


 * Marriage certificates might name birth dates and places of the bride and groom. They might also give the names and birth places of the parents of the bride and groom.


 * Death certificates are very important. Birth and marriage certificates might not have kept by a state during the earlier years of your ancestor's life. There is a greater chance that your ancestor died after detailed record-keeping began. Death certificates frequently state birth date and place. They also state the names of parents and their birth places.


 * There are wiki articles giving details on how to find vital records in each state and/or county. Look up the state or county your ancestor immigrated to in the FamilySearch Wiki to find more information.

Obituaries
Modern obituaries often list birth date and place and parents' names. See United States Online Genealogy Records by State and select your state for links to online obituary collections.

Military Records
Draft records for World War I and II ask for birth place, which can be listed as just Russia or Latvia, but may provide the name of a town.


 * U.S. WW I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 Index and images.
 * U.S. WW I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 Indexes and images. ($)
 * U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, ($), index and images
 * United States, World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942 Images with partial index.

U.S., Alien Draft Registrations, Selected States, 1940-1946, ($), index and images. Social Security The application for the Social Security card may also contain a town of birth. These records are available for deceased individuals who died after 1935 when Social Security began. United States Social Security Death Index U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 ($) U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007, Incomplete, ($). The Social Security Applications and Claims Index does not cover every application--it has sort of an eclectic mix of what got included. If you find your ancestor in the Social Security Death Index but not in the Social Security Applications and Claims Index, you can send away for a copy of the application. Passenger Arrival Lists

Passenger lists, especially in the 20th century, may list birth place, last residence in mother country, and name and residence of a close relative in the mother country. United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records is a comprehensive list of passenger arrival databases that you can search right now from your computer. There are many, many databases. The following search strategy will make your search more efficient.

Suggested Search Strategy Check the partner website indexes, as these cover many, many databases at once. The FamilySearch Historical Records databases is free to search with a free registered account. The other websites are subscription-based but can be searched for free at a Family History Center near you. Try to search each partner site because their search engines can often bring up slightly different results. If it is difficult for you to get access to the subscription databases, next try Additional Nationwide Collections Not Included in Partner Sites. These websites have a lot of overlap with the subscription websites. Search a nationality, religious, or political group collection that applies to your ancestor. Search the state collection for the first state where your ancestor lived. Read Tracing Immigrant Origins to learn about many other records that substitute for immigration records. Research Tip

German emigrants usually left in groups from the same area of Germany. After finding your ancestor on a port record or passenger register, write down all the people on the same list. Check local census and other records to determine which people settled in the same area as your ancestor. Check for place of origin information on those who were on the same list. If your ancestor's surname is not unusual, but some of the others on the same list are, look those names up in the German surname books to determine where they originated.

Naturalization Records Naturalization records may also list an ancestor’s birth place. Prior to 1906 any U.S. court could naturalize foreigners. Many pre-1900 records only list “Germany” as the country of citizenship; however, there are notable exceptions, so these records should be checked routinely. The process involved two sets of papers: a declaration of intention to become a U.S. citizen, and a petition filed some time later. Beginning in 1906, naturalization records became more detailed, as the responsibility shifted to the Federal government. More information about naturalization records, along with helpful links, is found at Beginning Research in United States Naturalization Records and United States Naturalization Online Genealogy Records. Passport Applications U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925, ($), index and images Records Originating in Germany That Can Help

Search Techniques Specific to Latvia
If you've investigated the above sources for your ancestor's country of immigration, and still have not determined the hometown, in some cases, Latvian records may assist you in finding the name of your ancestor's hometown Try the following suggestions based upon the time period of emigration. Many of these records are located in the Latvian State Historical Archives. Some of their records are available online through the digital reading room Raduraktsi; however, many records are available only at the archive. To see what archival records are available, see Andrei Repin's Fonds of the Latvian State Historical Archives Inventory. The site is available in both English and Russian. Keep in mind that the Russian version is more complete. If you don't read Russian, simply use the Google Chrome browser, right click anywhere on the page and select Translate to English.

Post WWII Immigration
If your ancestors left Latvia following WWII, clues about their origins might be found in the Arolsen Archives, the International Center on Nazi Persecution. Search the Arolsen Archives Online Archive to locate displaced persons records.

Inter-war Period
During the inter-war period, Latvian citizens were required to register for a passport which served as identification papers. Latvian passports are available for major cities at the Latvian State Historical Archives. Rīga passports are found in fond 2996 and other cities are found in fond 2258.

Pre WWI Immigration
If your ancestor left prior to WWI, you may be able to find information about them in Passport and Police Registration Lists. These records are available through the Latvian State Historical Archives.


 * Livonia, fond 51.
 * Courland, fond 451, fond 491.
 * Riga, fond 6419.