California History

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Timeline
The following important events in the history of California affected political boundaries, record keeping, and family movements.


 * 1542-1812: Spain, Mexico, England, and Russia made various claims to California, but most settlements were Spanish.
 * 1769: The first permanent settlement was made by the Spanish in the San Diego Bay area.
 * 1776: First party of Spanish settlers reach site of present-day San Francisco.
 * 1816-1826: First and earliest non-Spanish settlers to California were by sea. Jedediah Strong Smith arrives by over-land travel.
 * 1821: Spain granted Mexico its independence. California was included with Mexico.
 * 1841: The Bidwell-Bartleson party became the first American immigrant train to reach California by the overland route.
 * July 1846: Sam Brannan's colony of settlers arrive from Saco, York County, Maine. They settled New Hope, San Joaquin County.
 * 1846: War broke out between the United States and Mexico. U.S. settlers in California set up a republic.
 * 1848: Mexico ceded California to the United States.
 * 24 January 1848: Gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill.
 * 1849: The Gold Rush attracted over 100,000 people to California.
 * 9 September 1850: California became the 31st state
 * 1851-52: California Indian Wars
 * 23 April 1860 - 24 October 1861: Pony Express
 * 1869: Completion of the transcontinental railroad gave California a direct connection with the East. Great numbers of Chinese were imported to work on this railroad.
 * 1872: The Modoc War on border between Oregon and California, between the U.S. and the Modoc tribe led by Chief Kintpuash (Captain Jack), the tribe had ceded their land in 1864, they were sent to the Klamath reservation, in 1870 they returned to their old land.
 * 1873: the remaining Modoc tribal members sent to Oklahoma.
 * 1884-1885: A railroad rate war (1884) and a California real estate boom (1885) caused a new wave of overland immigration.

Local Histories
Some of the most valuable sources for family history research are local histories. Published histories of towns, counties, and states usually contain accounts of families. They describe the settlement of the area and the founding of churches, schools, and businesses. You can also find lists of pioneers, soldiers, and civil officials. Even if your ancestor is not listed, information on other relatives may be included that will provide important clues for locating your ancestor. A local history may also suggest other records to search. Local histories are extensively collected by the Family History Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies. Three useful guides are:


 * California Local History: A Bibliography and Union List of Library Holdings is a bibliography of local histories for California


 * A Bibliography of American County Histories


 * United States Local Histories in the Library of Congress

State Histories Useful to Genealogists
Good genealogists strive to understand the life and times of their ancestors. In this sense, any history is useful. But certain kinds of state, county, and local histories, especially older histories published between 1845 and 1945, often include biographical sketches of prominent individuals. The sketches usually tend toward the laudatory, but may include some genealogical details. If these histories are indexed or alphabetical, check for an ancestor's name. The Family History Library has numerous state and local histories by James M. Guinn and other authors. Sources for studying the history of California include:

The Family History Library has numerous state and local histories by James M. Guinn and other authors. Sources for studying the history of California include:


 * History of California. There is an index in 979.4 B4b which covers 1542 to 1859.
 * A History of California: The Spanish Period
 * California and Californians Volumes 3 and 4 contain biographical material. All four volumes are online at Ancestry.com. ($)

United States History
The following are only a few of the many sources that are available:


 * The Almanac of American History, This provides brief historical essays and chronological descriptions of thousands of key events in United States history.


 * Dictionary of American History, Revised ed This includes historical sketches on various topics in U.S. history, such as wars, people, laws, and organizations. A snippet view is available at Google books.


 * The Pony Express Pony Express riders carried the U.S. Mail on horseback. There were approximately 80 of them. There were support personnel as well that numbered over 400. The Pony Express Route Covered Parts of: California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Utah and Wyoming. Pony Express Riders Biographies: By Name Include Some Photos


 * Webster's Guide to American History: A Chronological, Geographical, and Biographical Survey and Compendium  This includes a history, some maps, tables, and other historical information.


 * Writings on American History Has the full text available at Google Books

To find more books and articles about California's history use the Internet Google search for phases like "California history." Family History Library Catalog Surname Search lists many more histories under topics like:


 * CALIFORNIA- HISTORY
 * CALIFORNIA. [COUNTY] - HISTORY
 * CALIFORNIA, [COUNTY], [TOWN] - HISTORY
 * CALIFORNIA, BIBLIOGRAPHY

Web Sites

 * California Historical Society
 * California History
 * The State of California's History Site
 * A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:
 * California Marriage Index (FamilySearch Historical Records)
 * California Marriage Index (FamilySearch Historical Records)