Israel Languages

Description
The Israeli population is linguistically and culturally diverse.
 * Hebrew is the country's official language, and almost the entire population speaks it either as native speakers or proficiently as a second language. Its standard form, known as Modern Hebrew, is the main medium of life in Israel.
 * Arabic is used mainly by Israel's Arab minority which comprises about one-fifth of the population. Arabic has a special status under Israeli law.
 * Russian is spoken by about 20% of the Israeli population, mainly by the large immigrant population from the former Soviet Union.
 * English is a known foreign language by a significant proportion of the Israeli population as English is used widely in official logos and road signs alongside Hebrew and Arabic.
 * In addition, the 19th edition of Ethnologue lists 36 languages and dialects spoken through Israel.

According to a 2011 Government Social Survey of Israelis over 20 years of age report their native language as:
 * Hebrew 49%
 * Arabic 18%
 * Russian 15%
 * Yiddish 2%
 * French 2%
 * English 2%
 * 1.6% Spanish
 * 10% other languages (including Romanian, German and Amharic, which were not offered as answers by the survey). This study also noted that 90% of Israeli Jews and over 60% of Israeli Arabs have a good understanding of Hebrew.

Word List(s)
Hebrew
 * Useful Hebrew phrases (Omniglot)
 * 500 Basic Hebrew Words (Teach Me Hebrew)

Arabic
 * Arabic Genealogical Word List
 * Useful Arabic phrases (Omniglot)

Russian
 * Russian Genealogical Word List
 * Useful Russian phrases (Omniglot)

Alphabet and Pronunciation
Hebrew
 * Hebrew phonology (Wikipedia)
 * Hebrew alphabet (Wikipedia)
 * Hebrew Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)

Arabic
 * Arabic phonology (Wikipedia)
 * Arabic alphabet (Wikipedia)
 * Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)

Russian
 * Russian phonology (Wikipedia)
 * Russian alphabet (Wikipedia)
 * Russian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)

Language Aids and Dictionaries
Hebrew
 * Modern Hebrew dictionary (Lexilogos)
 * English to Hebrew Dictionary (Glosbe)
 * Learn Hebrew (duolingo)
 * Learn Hebrew (MyLanguages)

Arabic
 * Arabic dictionary (Lexilogos)
 * English to Arabic Dictionary (Glosbe)
 * Learn Arabic (duolingo)
 * Learn Arabic (ArabicPod101)

Russian
 * Russian Letter Writing Guide
 * Russian dictionary (Lexilogos)
 * English to Russian Dictionary (Glosbe)
 * Learn Russian (duolingo)
 * Learn Russian (Babbel)

Additional Resources

 * Naor, Menahem. Hebrew language and grammar : a practical textbook. Jerusalem : R. Mass, 1949. Available at WorldCat
 * Wood, C T; H C O Lanchester; and R H Kennett. A Hebrew grammar. [Place of publication not identified] : CPSIA, 2016. Available at WorldCat
 * Israel (Britannica)
 * Israel (Wikitravel)