User:Bdyh

= Fritz Juengling, Ph.D., AG®=

Education

 * Ph.D. University of Minnesota: Germanic Philology with minors in both English and Linguistics
 * MA University of Minnesota: Germanic Philology
 * BA Western Oregon University: Secondary Education with Honors
 * BA Western Oregon University: International Studies German Emphasis with Honors
 * Certificate of Graduation from LDS Institute of Religion

Germanic Philology is a highly specialized field of study, combining languages, linguistics, paleography and history. For his graduate degrees, Dr. Juengling was required to demonstrate competence in English, German, Medieval Latin and two other modern languages. He chose Dutch and Norwegian. He also took courses in Old, Middle, and Early Modern English, Old and Middle High German, Old Norse (Old Icelandic), Gothic, Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Middle Dutch, history of the English, German, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages, Latin and Greek philology, Latin paleography, and Middle English paleography. He also took a number of courses on English dialects and wrote his dissertation on the formation of Southern Hemisphere dialects of English.

Employment and Service

 * German, Dutch, and Scandinavian Senior Research Consultant at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City
 * Internship Coordinator at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City
 * Commissioner on the Board of The International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists (ICAPGen)
 * Testing Committee Assistant Chairman for ICAPGen
 * Testing Development Coordinator for ICAPGen
 * Member of the Editorial Board of The Palatine Immigrant
 * Representative from the Verband deutschsprachiger Berufsgenealogen to the International German Genealogy Partnership

Credentials

 * Accredited Genealogist through ICAPGen for the following regions:

Germany    Germany East     Germany Northwest     Germany South The Netherlands    Belgium     Luxembourg     Sweden     Denmark     Norway


 * Certification through the Verband deutschsprachiger Berufsgenealogen
 * Certificate as Qualifizierter Genealoge through the Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft genealogischer Verbände
 * University of Minnesota Norwegian Language Proficiency Exam

Memberships

 * The International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists (ICAPGen)
 * Verband deutschsprachiger Berufsgenealogen
 * American Historical Society of Germans From Russia, Utah Chapter

Upcoming Presentations:

 * Germanic Genealogy Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota: (webinar), 19 May, 2022
 * Foundation for East European Family History Studies Family History Conference: (webinar), 25-29 July, 2022
 * Swedish Genealogy Society of Minnesota: (webinar), 29 October, 2022

Past Presentations:

 * Clayton Library Center for Genealogical Research: (Houston, Texas) (webinar), 22 April, 2022
 * Genealogical Forum of Oregon: (webinar), 2 April, 2022
 * Family History Library Latin Seminar: (webinar), 21-25 March, 2022
 * South Orange County California Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah, 21 March, 2022
 * Southern California Genealogical Society German Interest Group: (webinar), 15 January, 2022
 * Ventura County Genealogical Society: (webinar), 20 November, 2021
 * Family History Library Dutch Seminar: (webinar), 10 November, 2021
 * Northwest Suburban Genealogy Society: (webinar), 6 November, 2021
 * San Diego Genealogical Society German Interest Group: (webinar), 20 October, 2021
 * Utah Genealogical Association: (webinar), 17 September, 2021
 * Pomeranian Special Interest Group sponsored by the Immigrant Genealogy Society: (webinar), 21 August, 2021
 * Foundation for East European Family History Studies Family History Conference: (webinar), 11-12 August, 2021
 * International German Genealogy Partnership: (Recorded class), 17-24 July, 2021
 * Larimer County Genealogical Society: (webinar), 5 June, 2021
 * Roots Tech: (Recorded class), 24 February, 2021
 * Southern California Genealogical Society German Interest Group: (webinar), 16 January, 2021
 * Wabash Valley Genealogy Society: (webinar), 11 January, 2021
 * Southern California Genealogical Society German Interest Group: (webinar), 21 November, 2020
 * Family History Library Latin Seminar: (webinar), Utah, 9-13 November, 2020
 * Sacramento German Genealogy Society & the Family History Library: (webinar), 24 October, 2020
 * North San Diego County Genealogical Society: (webinar), 17 October, 2020
 * Nordic Genealogy Conference, National Nordic Museum: (webinar), 25-27 September, 2020
 * San Diego Genealogical Society German Interest Group: (webinar), 15 July, 2020
 * Seattle Genealogical Society: (webinar), 16 May, 2020
 * FamilySearch Dutch Handwriting Seminar: (webinar), 11-15 May, 2020
 * Dallas Genealogical Society German Genealogy Group: (webinar), 9 May, 2020
 * Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy Day at the Family History Library: Salt Lake City, Utah, 18 January, 2020
 * Family History Library Nordic Conference: (FHL & webinar), Salt Lake City, Utah, 11 November, 2019
 * Family History Library European Conference: (FHL & webinar) Salt Lake City, Utah, 21-25 October, 2019
 * South Orange County California Genealogical Society: Mission Viejo, California, 19 October, 2019
 * San Diego Genealogical Society German Interest Group: San Diego, California, 16 October, 2019
 * Genealogical Forum of Oregon: Portland, Oregon, 5-6 October, 2019
 * Foundation for East European Family History Studies Family History Conference: Salt Lake City, Utah, 7-8 August, 2019
 * Brigham Young University Family History and Genealogy Conference: Provo, Utah, 31 July, 2019
 * San Diego Genealogical Society German Interest Group: San Diego, California, 17 July, 2019
 * International German Genealogy Partnership Conference: Sacramento, California, 15-17 June 2019
 * Southern California Genealogical Society Jamboree: Burbank, California, 1-2 June 2019
 * Utah Genealogical Association Salt Lake Valley Chapter: Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2 May, 2019
 * Germanic Genealogy Society (webinar), 28 March, 2019
 * Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy "Night at the Family History Library": Salt Lake City, Utah, 16 January, 2019
 * Ogden Family History Center 2018 Conference: Ogden, Utah, 8 September, 2018
 * Germanic Genealogy Society of St. Louis: St. Louis, Missouri, 18 August, 2018
 * Foundation for East European Family History Studies Family History Conference: Salt Lake City, Utah, 8 August, 2018
 * BYU Family History and Genealogy Conference: Provo, Utah, 1 August, 2018
 * Ostfriesen Genealogical Society of America 2018 Conference: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 29-30 July, 2018
 * San Diego Genealogical Society German Interest Group: San Diego, California, 18 July, 2018
 * Oregon Chapter of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia at the Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University: Portland, Oregon, 7 July, 2018
 * Genealogical Forum of Oregon: Portland, Oregon, 7 July, 2018
 * Immigrant Genealogical Society: Burbank, California, 9 June, 2018
 * Southern California Genealogical Society: Burbank, California, 9 June, 2018
 * Utah Genealogical Association South Davis Family History Fair: Bountiful, Utah, 28 April, 2018
 * South Orange County California Genealogical Society: Salt Lake City, Utah, 23 April, 2018
 * Germanic Genealogy Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota: (webinar), 22 February, 2018
 * Sacramento German Genealogy Society: Sacramento, California, 21 October, 2017
 * Nordic Family History Conference: Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, 13-14 September, 2017
 * Ogden Family History Center 2017 Conference: Ogden, Utah, 9 September, 2017
 * International German Genealogy Partnership Conference: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 29-30 July, 2017
 * Foundation for East European Family History Studies Family History Conference: Salt Lake City, Utah, 19 July, 2017
 * Immigrant Genealogical Society Conference: Los Angeles, California, 24 June, 2017
 * Germans in St. Louis (webinar), 14 June, 2017
 * Western European Family History Conference: Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, 17-18 May, 2017
 * FamilyTreeWebinars (webinar), 10 May, 2017
 * Palatines to America German Genealogy Society (Colorado Chapter): Denver, Colorado, 6 May, 2017
 * Palatines to America German Genealogy Society (Ohio Chapter): Columbus, Ohio, 22 April, 2017
 * Southwest Florida Germanic Genealogy Society: Port Charlotte, Florida, 26 January, 2017
 * Mid-Atlantic Germanic Society: York, Pennsylvania, 22 October, 2016
 * Nordic Family History Conference: Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, 17 October, 2016
 * European Family History Conference: Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, 13 September, 2016
 * Ogden Family History Center 2016 Conference: Ogden, Utah, 10 September, 2016
 * Foundation for East European Family History Studies Family History Conference: Salt Lake City, Utah, 11 August, 2016
 * Ostfriesen Genealogical Society of America 2016 Conference: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1-3 August, 2016
 * Willamette Valley Genealogical Society: Salem, Oregon, 9 July, 2016
 * Immigrant Genealogical Society: Burbank, California, 4 June, 2016
 * Southern California Genealogical Society Jamboree 2016: Burbank, California, 4 June, 2016
 * New Mexico Genealogical Society Spring Conference: Albuquerque, New Mexico, 21 May, 2016
 * Sacramento German Genealogy Society 2016 Spring Seminar: Sacramento, California, 30 April, 2016
 * Utah Genealogical Association South Davis Family History Fair: Woods Cross, Utah, 23 April, 2016
 * Germans in St. Louis (webinar), 19 March, 2016
 * Roots Tech: Salt Lake City, Utah, 4 February, 2016
 * Ogden Family History Center 2015 Conference: Ogden, Utah, 12 September, 2015
 * Foundation for East European Family History Studies Family History Conference: Salt Lake City, Utah, 15 August, 2015
 * BYU Family History and Genealogy Conference: Provo, Utah, 30 July, 2015
 * Southern California Genealogical Society: Burbank, California, 20 June, 2015
 * Immigrant Genealogical Society: Burbank, California, 20 June, 2015
 * Germanic Genealogy Society 2015 Spring Conference: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 15-16 May, 2015
 * Greeley Stake Family Discovery Day: Greeley, Colorado, 18 April, 2015
 * Utah Genealogical Association South Davis Family History Fair: Woods Cross, Utah, 11 April, 2015
 * Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy: Salt Lake City, Utah, 15 January, 2015
 * Ogden Family History Center 2014 Conference: Ogden, Utah, 13 September, 2014
 * Keizer Stake Family History Center Genealogy Evening: Salem, Oregon, 17 June, 2014
 * The Huguenot Seminar: Salt Lake City, Utah, 3 May, 2014
 * Utah Genealogical Association South Davis Family History Fair: Woods Cross, Utah, 26 April, 2014
 * Seminar der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft genealogischer Verbände (DAGV): Visselhövede, Germany, 8-13 July, 2013
 * Utah Genealogical Association South Davis Family History Fair: Woods Cross, Utah, 20 April, 2013
 * Georgia Family History Expo: Atlanta, Georgia, 10 November, 2012
 * Family History Conference: Silverton, Oregon, 30 April, 2011

Classes and Lectures

 * Netherlands Archive Spotlight: Friesland
 * Research in Pomerania
 * Daheim mit deutschen Urkunden: Archion und Matricula
 * Resources on FamilySearch.org for German Research and Getting Help*:
 * The Research Wiki
 * The Learning Center
 * The Community Site
 * German Geography and Meyer's Gazetteer*
 * Dutch Handwriting: Online Resources
 * Dutch Handwriting: Intermediate Documents
 * Beginning German Research: Websites and More
 * Dutch Handwriting
 * Calendars and Feast Days in U.S. and European Research*
 * Historical Events: How they Affect your Genealogy Research*
 * Using the FamilySearch Wiki to Enhance your Foreign Research*
 * German Influence on American Culture*
 * Latin Handwriting
 * Level 2: Strategies for Foreign Language Document Requirements in U.S. Regions for ICAPGen Testing
 * Level 2: Document Interpretation and General Question Sections for ICAPGen Testing
 * German Phonetics and Spelling*
 * German Dialects and What They Mean for the Researcher*
 * Names: their Origins, Meanings, and Peculiarities*
 * Austro-Hungarian Empire Geography*
 * Preparing for the Document Interpretation Section of the ICAPGen Accreditation Test*
 * Witches, Horse Thieves, Soldiers, & Regicides: Who Were Your Ancestors?*
 * Names in Belgium and the Netherlands*
 * Beginning Research in Belgium
 * Beginning Research in Luxembourg
 * Gazetteers and Maps for Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
 * Beginning Danish Research*
 * Learning to Read Scandinavian Handwriting*
 * Scandinavian Feast Dates and Calendars*
 * Meyer’s Gazetteer Now Online, Indexed and Fully Searchable!*
 * Historical Events that Affected our East Frisian Ancestors*
 * A History of the Low German Language*
 * Resources on FamilySearch for German Research*
 * German Research: Some Insights*
 * Germans from Russia
 * An overview of FamilySearch.org, online sources, connections and more. Beginning German Research*
 * Beyond the Obvious Reasons: Practical and Social Decisions for Emigration to America*
 * Danish Probate Records*
 * Beginning Dutch Research*
 * German Names: Their Origins, Meanings, and Distribution*
 * Ortsfamilienbücher
 * Using Censuses in the Danish Demographical Database
 * Using the Danish Website Arkivalieronline
 * Genteam.at: Website for research in Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Slovakia*
 * Meyer's Gazetteer: Reading the German Type Print and Using the Online Version
 * Register of Swiss Surnames
 * German Emigration Sources Online at Ancestry.com
 * German Emigration Sources: The Hamburg Passenger Lists
 * US Immigration Sources
 * Some Tips for Genealogical Research*
 * Dutch Religious Minorities and their Records
 * The Huguenots in The Netherlands and South Africa
 * Calendar Changes in German, Dutch and French Research*
 * Using the Dutch Website Wiewaswie
 * Learning to Read Old German Script*
 * Deutscher Einfluß auf amerikanische Kultur*
 * Onkel Fritz ging nach Amerika…Wie finde ich meine amerikanischen Cousins?
 * Paläographie: Alte deutsche Schrift
 * Historical Events that Affect German Genealogical Research*
 * Extracting Information from German Church and Civil Records, German Handwriting*
 * German Geography
 * German Gazetteer Series: Non-Prussian Gazetteers
 * German Gazetteer Series: Prussian Gazetteers
 * German Gazetteer Series: Meyer's Gazetteer
 * The Genealogical Value of German Guild Records*
 * Finding Places in Germany using Meyers and other Gazetteers
 * Beginning German Research

FamilySearch Learning Center video courses and other Recorded Webinars

 * Latin Handwriting Series:
 * Latin Handwriting 1: Introduction
 * Latin Handwriting 2: Latin Genealogical Word List
 * Latin Handwriting 3: Google Translate
 * Latin Handwriting 4: How to Decline Personal Names
 * Latin Handwriting 5: Latin Dictionary
 * Latin Handwriting 6: Latin-English Dictionary
 * Latin Handwriting 7: The Catholic Encyclopedia
 * Latin Handwriting 8: Dizionario di Abbreviature Latine ed Italiani
 * Latin Handwriting 9: Latin Language and Script Gallery of Latin Abbreviations
 * Latin Handwriting 10: Parish Register Latin: An Introduction


 * Resources on FamilySearch.org for German Research and Getting Help:
 * The Research Wiki
 * The Learning Center
 * The Community Site


 * Dutch Handwriting: Online Resources
 * Lesson 1 Dutch Genealogical Word List
 * Lesson 2 Google Translate
 * Lesson 3 Genealogisch Woordenboek
 * Lesson 4 Historische woordenboeken
 * Lesson 5 Database of Dutch Surnames
 * Lesson 6 Belgian Surnames
 * Lesson 7 Dutch Given Names Database
 * Lesson 8 Frisian Names Book
 * Lesson 9 Wat staat daer?
 * Lesson 10 Dutch Letter Charts
 * Dutch Handwriting: Documents
 * Intermediate Dutch Handwriting Homework 2 Document 1
 * Intermediate Dutch Handwriting Homework 3 Document 2
 * Intermediate Dutch Handwriting Homework 4 Document 3
 * Intermediate Dutch Handwriting Homework 5 Document 4
 * Intermediate Dutch Handwriting Homework 6 and 7 Documents 5 and 6
 * Calendars and Feast Days in Scandinavia
 * Scandinavian Handwriting Parts 1 & 2
 * Scandinavian Handwriting Part 3
 * Beginning Danish Research
 * Calendar Changes in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the Low Countries
 * Names in Belgium and the Netherlands
 * Beginning Research in Belgium
 * Beginning Research in Luxembourg
 * Gazetteers and Maps for Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
 * Using the Dutch Website WieWasWie
 * Extracting Information from German Church and Civil Records
 * Old German Script Part 1
 * Old German Script Part 2
 * Old German Script (German Church and Civil Records) Part 3

Publications

 * "Hartmut Wegner: Ein familiengeschichtlicher Forscher in Vorpommern." Sedina-Archiv 66:1 (2020): 18-20.
 * "Online Zoeken naar Duitse voorouders: Kirchenbücher & Standesämter." (Online Searching for German Ancestors: Churchbooks & Civil Registry Offices). Gen.magazine 26:4 (December 2020): 22-27.
 * "German Research Tool: FamilySearch Community." Der Blumenbaum 38:3 (March, April, May, June 2020): 136-138.
 * "FamilySearch Community Groups." Die Pommerschen Leute 41:1 (Spring 2018): 5-6.
 * "The Genealogical Value of Guild Records." Die Pommerschen Leute 40:4 (Winter 2017): 8-13. Reprinted from: Germanic Genealogy Journal 14:4 (Winter 2011): 5-10.
 * "Meyer’s Gazetteer Now Online, Indexed and Fully Searchable!":


 * The Bulletin: Quarterly Magazine of the Genealogical Forum of Oregon 66:3 (March 2017): 8-10.
 * International German Genealogy Partnership Website: http://iggpartner.ens-3.com/cpage.php?pt=23
 * The Journal of the Society for German Genealogy in Eastern Europe 18:4 (December 2016): 17-20.
 * Pommerscher Verein Central Wisconsin Website: http://www.pvcw.org/Immigrants/MeyersOrt.aspx
 * German-American Genealogy 2016: 14-15.
 * Der Blumenbaum 34:2 (October, November, December) 2016: 54-55.
 * Les Voyageurs 37:3 (September 2016): 172-174.
 * Co-Pal-Am, Colorado Chapter, Palatines to America 33:2 (September 2016): 7-8.
 * Der Kurier Mid-Atlantic Germanic Society 34:3 (September 2016): 52-53.
 * The Palatine Immigrant 41:4 (September 2016): 4-5.
 * Die Pommerschen Leute 39:3 (Fall 2016): 3-4.
 * Germanic Genealogy Journal 19:2 (Summer 2016): 20-21, 25.
 * Willamette Valley Genealogical Society Newsletter 38:8 (August 2016): 5-6.


 * "Seven Framed Documents – and Florence Nightingale, Too." With James M. Beidler. Der Kurier 34:2 (June 2016): 25, 27-28.
 * "The Importance of Latin in Family History Research." German-American Genealogy Fall 2015: 1-3.
 * Book Review of: Van der Sijs, Nicoline. Cookies, Coleslaw, and Stoops. The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages. Amsterdam University Press. 2009. In: Dutch-American Genealogy Spring 2015: 19-20.
 * "Dutch Websites." Dutch-American Genealogy Spring 2015: 14-18.
 * "Calendar Changes in Belgian, Dutch, French and German Research." Dutch-American Genealogy Spring 2015: 11-13.
 * "Religious Denominations in the Netherlands." Dutch-American Genealogy Spring 2015: 9-10.
 * "Spelling Variants in Dutch Documents." Dutch-American Genealogy Spring 2015: 1-8.
 * "Low German Language in German Research." American-Ostfriesen Journal 18:1 (Jan. Feb. Mar. 2015): 19.
 * "Hartmut Wegner: A Family History Researcher in Pommern." Die Pommerschen Leute 38:1 (Spring 2015): 6.
 * "Immigrant’s journey, step by step." Der Kurier. 32:4 (December 2014): 73, 76-79.
 * "Month Names in German." German American Genealogy 2014: 1-6.
 * "The History of That Little Troublemaker ‘-in' and What to Do About It." Der Blumenbaum 31:4 (April, May, June 2014): 170-171.
 * "Focus on Baden." Germanic Genealogy Journal 16:3 (2013): 5-17.
 * "Address Books in Genealogical Research." German American Genealogy (2013): 2-6.
 * "French Influence on German Research." Der Blumenbaum 30:3 (January, February, March 2013): 121-123.
 * "Ortssippenbücher and Ortsfamilienbücher: Valuable Resources in Genealogical Research." Der Kurier 30:4 (December 2012): 77-79.
 * "Gesinde Dienstbücher as a Genealogical Source." Germanic Genealogy Journal 15:2 (Summer 2012): 17.
 * “Salem School Names.” In: Sturgeon, Keni, ed. Willamette Valley Voices: Connecting Generations. A Publication of the Willamette Heritage Center at The Mill 1:1 (Summer 2012): 18-30. Online at: The Willamette Heritage Center at The Mill.
 * "Weekdays and Weekday Symbols." Der Blumenbaum 30:1 (July, August, September 2012): 26-27.
 * "The Genealogical Value of Guild Records." Germanic Genealogy Journal 14:4 (Winter 2011): 5-10.
 * “The Etymology of She.” Rivista Italiana di Linguistica e di Dialettologia 3 (2001): 129-151.
 * “Review of Oregon’s Names: How to Say Them and Where are They Located.” Bert Webber, M.L.S. 1995. Medford: Webb Research Group.” In: Names: A Journal of Onomastics 48:2 (June 2000): 156-160.
 * “A Bibliography of English in South Africa (Revisited).” Language Matters 30 (1999): 197-198.
 * The Origins of the Southern Hemisphere Accents of English. 1999. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International.
 * Revised Edition of: Wakefield, Ray. Beginning German I. 1999. Minneapolis: Distance Education, University of Minnesota.
 * Revised Edition of: Wakefield, Ray. Beginning German II. 1999. Minneapolis: Distance Education, University of Minnesota.
 * “A Bibliography of English in South Africa.” Language Matters 29 (1998): 179-255.
 * “Some Minnesotaisms.” 1998. In: Cogdill, Sharon. Book of Virtues: A Compendium. The College of Fine Arts and Humanities 1997-98. St. Cloud State University College of Fine Arts and Humanities. 132-135.
 * Chalhoub-Deville, M., Juengling, F., McCollum Lozier, V., &amp; Mueller, I. 1996. Qualitative and Quantitative Review of the University of Minnesota, CLA Language German Entrance and Graduation Proficiency Tests. The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
 * Chalhoub-Deville, M., McCollum Lozier, V., Sweet, G., Juengling, F., Klein, F., Mueller, I., Alcaya, C., &amp; Kim, S. 1995. Technical report #1: Qualitative and Quantitative Critique of the Entrance and Graduation University of Minnesota CLA language Proficiency Tests in French, German, and Spanish. Minneapolis: The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition.
 * Chalhoub-Deville, M., Juengling, F., Klein, F., &amp; Sweet, G. (Submitted to Eric) Simulated Oral Proficiency Interview. The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. University of Minnesota. 1995.

FamilySearch Wiki Articles

 * Netherlands Archive Spotlight: Friesland
 * The Huguenots in the Netherlands and South Africa
 * Dutch Websites
 * Ortssippenbücher in Baden
 * Baden Military History
 * Baden Grossherzogtum (grand duchy) Archives and Libraries
 * Baden Address Books
 * Baden Grossherzogtum (grand duchy) Language and Languages
 * Baden History
 * Spelling Variants in Dutch Documents
 * Guilds in Germany
 * Germany Locating Place of Origin
 * Spelling Variants in German Documents
 * Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland
 * Week Day Symbols
 * Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany
 * French Influence on German Research
 * Low German Language in German Research
 * The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames
 * Month Names in German

FamilySearch Blog Articles

 * Wiewaswie is Now in English!
 * Ortssippenbücher and Ortsfamilienbücher-Valuable Resources in German Genealogical Research
 * Guild Records: An Underused Record in Family History Research