United States, Union Provost Marshal's File of Papers Relating to Civilians - FamilySearch Historical Records

United States

What is in This Collection?
This article describes multiple collections covering the years 1861 through 1866.

The collection "United States, Union Provost Marshal Files of Individual Civilians, 1861-1866" consists of images of records from the United States Provost Marshal during the Civil War. The Provost Marshal served as military police for the Union Army. Records in this collection deal with deserters, Confederate spies, civilians suspected of disloyalty, civilian passage through military zones,contraband slaves, etc. The records are in Record Group 109 located in the National Archives. This collection corresponds to NARA publication M345: Union Provost Marshals’ File of Papers Relating to Individual Civilians and Union Provost Marshal's File of Papers relating to Two or More Civilians NARA publication M416.

The collection was digitized from microfilm and is arranged alphabetically by the first two or three letters of the surname. It consists of correspondence, provost court papers, lists of transportation permits, claims for compensation for property used or destroyed by military forces, affidavits, oaths of loyalty and other lists.

To Browse This Collection
The collection "United States, Union Provost Marshal Files of Two or More Civilians, 1861-1866" consists of mages of records from the United States Provost Marshal during the Civil War. The Provost Marshal served as military police for the Union army. Records in this collection would deal with deserters, Confederate spies, civilains suspected of disloyality, civilians passage through military zones, etc. These files (for two or more citizens) are arranged by file number and date.This is National Archive publication M416.

What Can These Records Tell Me?
The following information may be found in these records:

Provost Marshal's file
 * Name of civilian
 * County and/or state of civilian’s residence
 * Reason why civilian was brought into question
 * Current residence
 * Occupation
 * Legal findings
 * Resolution of matter

Sample Images
Although the records were kept by the Union Army, they primarily deal with information about confederate citizens and union citizens who were suspected of supporting the confederate cause. They dealt with a wide range of individuals including those who were suspected of disloyalty or of giving aid to the enemy, who violated military orders, were prisoners, were authorized to travel in or to enter the Confederate states, and others. During the war each division, brigade, and corps of the Union Army had a provost marshal. Be aware that


 * Provost marshals kept records of their activities as the military police
 * Provost courts were established to try civilians who violated military orders as well as military personnel suspected of committing civil crimes

How Do I Search This Collection?
To begin your search it is helpful to know:
 * The name of your ancestor
 * The state and county of residence for your ancestor
 * The occupation of your ancestor

United States Union Provost Marshal Files of Individual Civilians, 1861-1866

View the Images
View images in this collection by visiting the :
 * 1) Select Select a Surname Range to view the images.

United States Union Provost Marshal Files of Two or More Civilians, 1861-1866

View the Images
View images in this collection by visiting the :
 * 1) Select Document Type
 * 2) Select Record Number/Date/Prison to view the images.

How Do I Analyze the Results?
Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This may require viewing multiple records or images. Keep track of your research in a research log.

I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now?

 * Use the residence or locality listed to find the family in census records
 * Use the residence or locality listed to find the family in church records
 * Use the residence or locality listed to find the family in land records
 * Provost marshal records can be used to place an individual in a specific location at a specific time
 * They can show how individual citizens were involved in the Civil War
 * When looking for a person who had a common name, look at all the entries for the name before deciding which is correct
 * These records may give initials rather than full names so you should use caution in determining if the record is for your ancestor
 * Film numbers referenced will tell you in which of the two records sets you will locate the file
 * Film numbers F1580-F1662 indicate that the file is located in "United States, Union Provost Marshal Files of Two or More Civilians, 1861-1866"
 * All other film numbers designate United States Union Provost Marshal Files of "United States, Union Provost Marshal Files of Individual Civilians, 1861-1866."

I Can't Find the Person I'm Looking For, What Now?

 * Look for variant spellings of the names. You should also look for alias names, nicknames and abbreviated names
 * Look for an index. Local genealogical and historical societies often have indexes to local records. For example an index to Missourians in the collections is available at
 * Index for Missourians in the Provost Marshal's Records. The dates listed in this index will help you more readily locate the files

Research Helps
The following articles will help you in your research for your family in the United States.
 * US Military Basic Search Strategies
 * Beginning Research in United States Military Records
 * Beginning United States Civil War Research
 * Locating a Union Civil War Soldier (1861-1865)
 * Locating a Confederate Civil War Soldier (1861–1865)
 * United States Guided Research
 * United States Record Finder
 * Research Tips and Strategies

Citing This Collection
Citing your sources makes it easy for others to find and evaluate the records you used. When you copy information from a record, list where you found that information.