Chippewa Tribe

Various Spellings: Chippewa, Ojibway, Ojibwa

Chippewa is the Anglicized version of Ojibway (also spelled Ojibwe and Ojibwa). The name Chippewa is more commonly used in the United States and the name Ojibway is more common in Canada.

Bands: Missisaugaa and Salteaux

Original Homelands: Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan North Dakota and Ontario.

Brief Timeline
1700's: fought with French in French and Indian War

1769:  Joined the Ottawa, Potawatomi, Sac, Meskwaki and Kickapoo to defeat the Illinois tribe

1776-   : Fought with British during the Revolutionary War

1815: Ceded much of their land

Brief History
The Chippewa or Ojibway Indians are one of the largest groups of American Indians in North America. There are nearly 150 different bands of Chippewa in the northern part of the United States and in southern Canada (especially in Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan).

Reservations
Bay Mills, Grand Portage, Leeck Lake, Mille Lacs, Red Lake, Nett Lake, Turtle Mountain, White Earth, Rocky Boy, Bad River, Lac Courte Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, Keweenaw Bay, Fond Du Lac, Mole Lake, Red Cliff, and St. Croix

Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Chippewa tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America.

Ohio History Central article on the Chippewa Indians

United States
Many of the bands or groups of Chippewa in the United States reside in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. The band names have changed or have been spelled differently over time. Many of the groups listed below have their own reservation. Some are federally recognized and have an agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs with whom they interact. Multiple groups sometimes interact with a single BIA Agency. More information will be forthcoming on pages for each of the bands or groups listed below.

Some of the larger bands of Chippewa in the United States are:

Canada
The Ojibway First Nation in Canada live primarily in Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

Agency Records
Correspondence and Census

Treaties 


 * 1785 January 21, at Fort McIntosh - Wyandot
 * 1789 January 9, at Fort Harmar - Wyandot
 * 1795 August 3, at Greenville - Wyandot
 * 1805 July 4, at Fort Industry - Wyandot
 * November 17, 1807, at Detroit - Ottawa
 * 1808 November 25, at Brownstown
 * 1815 September 8, at Spring Wells - Wyadot
 * 1816 August 24, at St. Louis - Ottawa
 * 1817 September 29, on the Miami - Wyandot
 * 1818 Wyandot
 * 1819 September 24, at Saginaw
 * 1820 June 16, at Sault Ste. Marie
 * 1820 July 6, L'Arbe Croche and Michilmackinac
 * August 29, 1821, at Chicago - Ottawa http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0198.htm
 * 1825: with the Sioux http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0250.htm
 * August 19, 1826, at Fond du Lac http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0268.htm
 * August 11, 1827, at Butte des Morts http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0281.htm
 * August 25, 1828, at Green Bay - Winnebago http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/win0292.htm
 * July 29, 1829, at Prairie du Chien http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0297.htm
 * September 26, 1833, at Chicago
 * March 28, 1836, - Ottawa
 * May 9, 1836, at Washington http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0461.htm
 * January 14, 1837, at Detroit http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0482.htm
 * July 29, 1837, at St. Peter http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0491.htm
 * December 0, 1837, at Flint River http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0501.htm
 * January 23, 1838, at Saginaw http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0516.htm
 * February 7, 1839, http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0528.htm
 * October 4, 1842, at La Pointe http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0542.htm
 * June 5 and 17, 1846, at Council Bluffs
 * 1846, Potawatomi Nation http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/pot0557.htm
 * August 2, 1847, at Fond du Lac
 * August 2, 1847 of the Mississippi, and Lake Superior http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0567.htm
 * August 2, 1847, Pillager Band of Chippewa
 * August 21, 1847, at Leech Lake
 * September 30, 1854, at La Pointe http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0648.htm
 * February 22, 1855, at Washington http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0685.htm
 * August 2, 1855, of Saginaw http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0733.htm
 * July 31, 1855, at Detroit -
 * August 2, 1855, at Detroit -Chippewa of Sault Ste, Marie
 * July 16, 1859, at Sauk and Foxes Agency http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0792.htm
 * March 11, 1863, at Washington
 * March 11, 1863, Chippewa of the Mississippi and the Pilager and Lake Winnibigoshish Bands,
 * October 2, 1863, at Red Lake and Pembina Bands http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0853.htm
 * April 12, 1864, at Washington, Red Lake and Pembina Bands http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0861.htm
 * May 7, 1864, at Washington http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0862.htm
 * October 18, 1864, at Isabella Reserve
 * October 18, 1864, Chippewa of Saginaw, Swan Creek and Black River http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0868.htm
 * April 7, 1866, at Washington, Bois Forte Band http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0916.htm
 * March 19, 1867, at Washington, Chippewa of the Mississippi http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0974.htm

Black River Treaty


 * May 9, 1836
 * August 2, 1855 http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sau0732.htm
 * October 18, 1864

Vital Records


 * Consolidated Chippewa births and deaths, 1924-1932 FHL Film: 574229 (M595)
 * Lad du Flambeau births and deaths, 1924-1932 FHL Film: 576920 (M595)
 * Red Lake births and deaths, 1925-1932 FHL Film: 581416 (M595)
 * Turtle Mountain births and deaths, 1924-1932 FHL Film: 583063 (M595)

Important Web Sites

 * Basic facts about the Chippewa, primarily written for students.
 * More detailed history of the Ojibwa or Chippewa, by Hodge
 * Ojibwe Tribe Wikipedia