Mississippi, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records - FamilySearch Historical Records

United States Mississippi

What is in the Collection?
This collection consists of scanned images of records from National Archives microfilm publication M1907 Records of the Field Offices for the State of Mississippi, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands which is part of Record Group 105 Records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands. The images are generally arranged in the order the records were microfilmed with the records of the state level staff officers; Superintendent of Education, Assistant Inspector General, Disbursing Officer and Quartermaster, Surgeon in Chief, first then the local field office records are arranged alphabetically by location and by NARA roll number.


 * Records with Freedmen and Refugee Names

The state is divided into Districts, under Sub-Commissioners
 * District of Columbus: Tippah, Tishomingo, Pontotoc, Itawamba, Chickasaw, Monroe, Oktibbeha and Lowndes Counties. HQ Columbus
 * District of Meridian: Winston, Noxubee, Neshoba, Kemper, Newton, Lauderdale, Jasper, Clark, Jones and Wayne Counties. HQ Meridian
 * District of Jackson: Hinds, Copiah, Simpson, Smith, Scott, Rankin, Leake, Madison, Attala and Holmes Counties. HQ Jackson
 * District of Brookhaven: Lawrence, Pike, Amite, Covington, and Marion Counties. HQ at Brookhaven
 * District of Natchez: Adams, Wilkinson, Franklin, and Jefferson Counties. HQ at Natchez
 * District of Pass Christian: Perry, Green, Hancock, Harrison and Jackson Counties: HQ at Pass Christian
 * District of Vicksburg: Warren, Claiborne, Yazoo, Issaquena, Washington, Bolivar, Sunflower, Coahoma and Tunica Counties. HQ at Vicksburg
 * District of Grenada: Carroll, Choctaw, Tallahatchie, Yalobusha, Calhoun, Panola, Lafayette, Desoto and Marshall Counties. HQ at Grenada

What Can these Records Tell Me?
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau) was created in 1865 at the end of the American Civil War to supervise relief efforts including education, health care, food and clothing, refugee camps, legalization of marriages, employment, labor contracts, and securing back pay, bounty payments and pensions. These records include letters and endorsements sent and received, account books, applications for rations, applications for relief, court records, labor contracts, registers of bounty claimants, registers of complaints, registers of contracts, registers of disbursements, registers of freedmen issued rations, registers of patients, reports, rosters of officers and employees, special and general orders and circulars received, special orders and circulars issued, records relating to claims, court trials, property restoration, and homesteads. This collection corresponds with NARA microfilm publication M1907, Records of the Field Offices for the State of Mississippi, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865-1872.

Collection Content
For details about the contents of these records, their history, and help using them, see the wiki article: United States Freedmen’s Bureau Records (FamilySearch Historical Records)

Sample Images

 * NARA Select Images from Freedmen's Bureau Records

How Do I Search the Collection?
You can search the index or view the images or both. To begin your search it is helpful to know:
 * The name of your ancestor
 * The name of a relative or date of the event

View the Images
View images in this collection by visiting the Browse Page then:
 * 1) Select Freedmen's Bureau Office or Subordinate Field Office Location
 * 2) Select NARA Roll Number-Contents

How Do I Analyze the Results?
Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This may require viewing multiple records or images.

For more tips about searching on-line collections see the on-line article FamilySearch Search Tips and Tricks.

I Found Who I was Looking for, What Now?

 * Use the information to find other records such as birth, christening, marriage, census, land and death records.
 * Use the information to find additional family members.
 * Repeat this process with additional family members found, to find more generations of the family.
 * Church Records often were kept years before government records were required and are a good source for finding ancestors before 1900.

I Can’t Find Who I’m Looking for, What Now?

 * Try viewing the original record to see if there were errors in the transcription of the name, age, residence, etc. Remember that there may be more than one person in the records with the same name.
 * Collect entries for every person who has the same surname. This list can help you identify possible relations that can be verified by records.
 * If you cannot locate your ancestor in the locality in which you believe they lived, then try searching records of a nearby locality in an area search.
 * Standard spelling of names typically did not exist during the periods our ancestors lived in. Try variations of your ancestor’s name while searching the index or browsing through images. Former slaves may have had used multiple names or changed their names until they decided upon one particular name. Search all possible names along with variations or spellings of their known names.
 * Remember that sometimes individuals went by nicknames or alternated between using first and middle names. Try searching for these names as well.
 * Search the indexes and records of Mississippi, United States Genealogy.
 * Search in the Mississippi Archives and Libraries.
 * Search in the FamilySearch Library Catalog

General Information About Freedmen's Bureau Records
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was established in the War Department in March of 1865. It was commonly called the Freedman’s Bureau and was responsible for the management and supervision of matters relating to refuges, freedmen, and abandoned lands. The Bureau assisted disenfranchised Americans, primarily African Americans, with temporal, legal and financial matters, with the intent of helping people to become self-sufficient. Matters handled included the distributing of food and clothing; operating temporary medical facilities; acquiring back pay, bounty payments, and pensions; facilitating the creation of schools, including the founding of Howard University; reuniting family members; handling marriages; and providing banking services. Banking services were provided by the establishment of the Freedman’s Saving and Trust Company, or Freedman’s Bank. The Bureau functioned as an agency of the War Department from approximately June 1865 until December 1868. In 1872, the functions of the Bureau were transferred to the Freedmen’s Branch of the Adjutant General’s Office. The Bureau assisted over one million African Americans, including many of the nearly four million emancipated slaves, which was over 25% of the population of former slaves in America. The records identify those who sought help from the Bureau at the end of the Civil War. Most supplicants were freed slaves, some of which were military veterans. In addition, a few veterans who were not African Americans also sought help from the Bureau. Freedmen’s Bureau records are usually reliable, because the records were supplied through first-person correspondence or the recording of a marriage.

Citing this Collection
Citing your sources makes it easy for others to find and evaluate the records you used. When you copy information from a record, list where you found that information. Here you can find citations already created for the entire collection and for each individual record or image.

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