User:Lionelfullwood/Sandbox6

England Yorkshire  Bradford

Guide to Bradford history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
Bradford is in the Metropolitan Borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, in the foothills of the Pennines 8.6 miles (14 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.

Bradford is not built on any substantial body of water but is situated at the junction of three valleys, one of them, that of the Bradford Beck which rises in moorland to the west, and is swelled by its tributaries, the Horton Beck, Westbrook, Bowling Beck and Eastbrook. At the site of the original ford, the beck turns north, and flows towards the River Aire at Shipley. Bradfordale (or Bradforddale) is a name given to this valley (see for example Firth 1997). It can be regarded as one of the Yorkshire Dales, though as it passes though the city, it is often not recognized as such.

After an uprising in 1070, during William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North, the manor of Bradford was laid waste and is described as such in the Domesday Book of 1086. It then became part of the Honour of Pontefract given to Ilbert de Lacy for service to the Conqueror, in whose family the manor remained until 1311. There is evidence of a castle in the time of the Lacys. The manor then passed to the Earl of Lincoln, John of Gaunt, The Crown and, ultimately, private ownership in 1620.

By the middle ages Bradford, had become a small town centered on Kirkgate, Westgate and Ivegate. In the reign of Henry VIII Bradford exceeded Leeds as a manufacturing center. Bradford grew slowly over the next two-hundred years as the woolen trade gained in prominence.

In 1801, Bradford was a rural market town of 6,393 people. Blast furnaces were established in about 1788. Yorkshire iron was used for shackles, hooks and piston rods for locomotives, colliery cages and other mining appliances where toughness was required, and this allowed Bradford to start growing to an industrial entity.

Bradford was also a center for the local wool industry. In 1825 the wool-combers union called a strike that lasted five-months but workers were forced to return to work through hardship leading to the introduction of machine-combing. This Industrial Revolution led to rapid growth, with wool imported in vast quantities for the manufacture of worsted cloth in which Bradford specialized, and the town soon became known as the wool capital of the world. Bradford had ample supplies of locally mined coal to provide the power that the industry needed.

Cemeteries (Civil)

 * Newcastle cemeteries and graves


 * Findagrave, West Road cemetery


 * Findagrave Heaton cemetery


 * Findagrave All Saints cemetery


 * Findagrave Old Jesmond cemetery

Parishes
The city of Newcastle-upon-Tyne includes the following pre-1850 parishes, in order of founding date:


 * St Nicholas (the original parish church, with records from 1558) St Nicholas became a cathedral church when the Diocese of Newcastle was created in 1882 and is now St Nicholas Cathedral one of the smaller cathedrals in England.
 * All Saints (ancient chapelry, created as a separate parish in 1808, with records from 1600)
 * St Andrew (ancient chapelry, created as a separate parish in 1808, with records from 1597)
 * St John (ancient chapelry, created as a separate parish in 1808, with records from 1587)
 * St Anne (chapelry, created as a separate parish from All Saints in 1843)
 * St Peter (created as a separate parish from St Andrew's in 1844)
 * All Saints, St. John the Baptist, and St. Andrew.

Newcastle upon Tyne parish registers of christenings, marriages and burials are available online for the following years:

To find the names of the neighbouring parishes, use England Jurisdictions 1851. In this site, search for the name of the parish, click on the location "pin", click Options and click List contiguous parishes.

Non Conformists
Other Christian groups meeting regularly in Newcastle include:


 * Apostolic Church
 * Baptists
 * Chinese Christian
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Greek Orthodox
 * Jehovah's Witnesses
 * Methodist
 * Pentecostal
 * Presbyterian
 * Roman Catholic
 * Salvation Army Church
 * Seventh Day Adventists

Non Christian faiths include the following:


 * Buddhist
 * Hindu
 * Humanists
 * Muslim
 * Sikh

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the government, from July 1837 to the present day. The following article civil registration tells more about these records.

Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths:


 * Address:
 * Civic Centre
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8PS, UK
 * Phone:+44 191 278 7878


 * Newcastle BMD records


 * UKBMD; Northumberland


 * Forebears.io; Northumberland

Local Histories

 * local histories: Newcastle upon Tyne


 * British History: Newcastle


 * [https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/wwwfileroot/legacy/libraries/HistoryofNewcastlemainbody.pdf Newcastle City Council History of Newcastle}


 * The History of Newcastle upon Tyne by Henry Bourne


 * Newcastle upon Tyne, A Modern History by Robert Colls

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Google Maps: Newcastle upon Tyne


 * Old maps of Newcastle


 * Newcastle street map


 * Vision of Britain: Newcastle


 * forebears Newcastle

Newspapers

 * The Chronicle Live


 * The Journal Daily

Occupations
Newcastle is the commercial, educational and, in partnership with nearby Gateshead, the cultural focus for North East England. As part of Tyneside, Newcastle's economy contributes around £13 billion to the UK GVA. The Central Business District is in the center of the city, bounded by Haymarket, Central Station and the Quayside areas.

While the major industries of ship building and coal mining have declined, Newcastle is building up a core of employers in the electronics, aerospace, and banking arenas. There are also several major Universities within the city proper, and this contributes to the potential for educators in the region.

Finally retailing is huge in the city, and contributes significantly to the economy. In 2010, Newcastle was positioned ninth in the retail center expenditure league of the UK. There are several major shopping areas in Newcastle City Center. The largest of these is the Eldon Square Shopping Center, one of the largest city center shopping complexes in the UK. The main shopping street in the city is Northumberland Street. In a 2004 report, it was ranked as the most expensive shopping street in the UK for rent, outside London.

Societies

 * Northumberland and Durham Genealogy Society


 * Local Newcastle genealogy records


 * Forebears, Newcastle


 * genuki Northumberland


 * Newcastle City Council Family History

Archives
Tyne and Wear Archive Services:


 * Address:
 * Newcastle Discovery
 * Blandford Square
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4JA, UK
 * Phone: +44 191 277 2248


 * Tyne and Wear Archives
 * The National Archives: Newcastle
 * Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums

Web Sites

 * Newcastle City Council


 * Northumberland County Council