United States Census Indexes

Online

 * Historical Records at FamilySearch.org  has a rapidly expanding set of free online indexes and document images, including many United States federal and state censuses.
 * FamilySearch is a free online service of the FamilySearch Library, including an index of the 1880 federal census of the United States; connected with 1880 census images provided by Ancestry.com,($) a subscription site.
 * BYU Family History Archives provides free online digital images of family history books and a few census indexes from participating institutions such as Brigham Young University Library, Allen County Public Library, or the FamilySearch Library.
 * The U.S. Census Bureau published twelve 1790 census indexes which are now online for free as .pdf files.
 * HeritageQuest has arranged with many public libraries in the United States to allow users free access on home computers by means of their personal library card numbers. HeritageQuest provides images of all surviving 1790 to 1930 federal censuses, and indexes to many but not all of them.
 * Footnote.com($) is a subscription site partnering with the National Archives and includes many federal censuses. Free access is available at many public libraries. New censuses are added frequently.
 * Ancestry.com,($) is a subscription site that provides online indexes and images to all surviving federal and many state census records, among other sources. They have three online editions: (1) an FS Library edition free only at the FamilySearch Library and a few FamilySearch Centers, (2) a slightly smaller Library edition free only at some public libraries, and (3) a Home edition subscription service for individuals.

Microfiche and Microfilms

 * Accelerated Indexing Systems U.S. Census Indexes (on Microfiche) describes the AIS microfiche census indexes for the years 1790 to 1900, with some added years for selected state censuses. This set of microfiche is available at larger genealogical libraries.
 * Soundex indexes are available on microfilm for many states for the census years 1880 (families with children under age 10 only), 1900, 1910 (not all states), and 1920 (not all states). These Soundex microfilms are available where ever the population schedule microfilms are available.

Books and Periodicals

 * Book indexes to census records are available at most genealogical repositories. The databases used to print these books are now mostly available online as part of Ancestry ($) or HeritageQuest.
 * Genealogical periodicals often publish extracts of local censuses. Most of these can be located by using the Periodical Source Index (PERSI). The periodicals are available at larger genealogical repositories. PERSI is available online at ACPL.

Index Accuracy
Indexes normally help to find about 93 to 98 percent of the names in a census. But sometimes a name is misspelled so much the index user cannot find the name. Do not give up if the first index search fails to find the name you seek. Use the tips in he Wiki page United States Census Searching to find elusive names of ancestors.

If you have reason to believe your ancestor should have been in the census, search the census regardless of the information in the index. In large cities, learn the person's address by searching the city directory. for the same year as the census (see United States Directories). Then look for that address on the original census schedules starting in 1880. Prior to 1880 it may be helpful to learn the ward where a person resided.

Related Content

 * Searching
 * Soundex
 * Accelerated Indexing Systems U.S. Census Indexes (on Microfiche)