Indigenous Peoples of North America - A Beginner's Guide

The information for this page has come from a research outline published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 2002. It was titled "Indians of the United States and Canada." Some of that outline is out-of-date and is being updated and will be added to these and other pages of this wiki site.

The original outline was organized to help you learn important strategies for beginning research in Native American records. It also will help as you become more proficient at Native American research and want to know more about possible sources. It will lead you from the beginning steps to more involved types of research.

The outline discussed the records and research methods about Native Americans in both the United States and Canada. It covered various federal, state or province, and tribal resources. As the information has been moved to this wiki site, the titles of articles have been modified to comply with subject headings used by the U.S. Library of Congress(LOC). The general subject heading for Native Americans suggested by the LOC is Indians of North America, with sub-headings Indians of Canada, Indians of the United States, and Indians of Mexico.

In each state of the United States or each province of Canada, you will find a topic entitled "American Indians." Those topics will direct you to specific pages entitled "Indians of Idaho," "Indians of Minnesota," or "Indians of Florida," as examples. These titles also comply with the suggestions of the Library of Congress.

In addition, there will be specific topics under each locality that may have application to American Indian research -- history, military, and church records, to name a few.

You may find some basic understanding of genealogical research procedures to be helpful. See A Guide to Research, available on this site.

Opportunities for genealogical research for Native Americans are good because more government records have been created for Indians than for any other Canadian or United States ethnic group. The Family History Library is beginning to expand its Native American collection. Many Indian records are still being obtained from various archives or libraries.

This outline does not cover the “native populations” of the Caribbean, Hawaii, or Mexico.

This outline does not mention all possible genealogical record sources for Native Americans.

Before using this outline, you need to choose a particular ancestor or family that you would like to know more about. The first step will be to identify all you can about this person or family in family sources. This outline will help you research additional information about your ancestors and possibly extend their genealogy, giving instructions and information under the following sections:


 * Part 1. How Do I Find Records About My Ancestors? This section is the key in knowing what sources to search and in what order to answer your research questions.
 * Part 2. Has Someone Already Researched My Family? This discusses many sources where you might find information compiled by other researchers. It includes databases, published genealogies, biographies, Internet sources, periodicals, and societies that have been established for helping genealogists. As you find information on earlier generations, return to this section to see if the earlier generation has been researched by others.
 * Part 3. What Records Can I Search? Most of the information on Native American sources is found in this section. It is a description of each major source used in family history research for Native Americans. The sources are organized according to their value for genealogical research, the most important records being listed first. For strategies for the use of these different records during different periods of time, again refer to the section on How Do I Find Records About My Ancestors?
 * Part 4. What Should I Know About Native Americans before I Search the Records? You will find background information about history, minorities and reservations or reserves for Native Americans in this section. Read through this material before doing very much original research.
 * Part 5.Where Do I Find Records? This section includes information about repositories where you will find original documents about your Native American ancestors. These repositories include the Family History Library, national archives in the United States and Canada, and other repositories.
 * Part 6. What Tools Can Help My Search? This section gives information on dictionaries, gazetteers, maps, further reading, and a glossary. These reference tools can help identify places and help you read the records.

The following is a topical content of each part:


 * Part 1. How Do I Find Records about My Ancestors?

Special Strategies for Indian Research       The Research Process        Record Selection Table


 * Part 2. Has Someone Already Researched My Family?

Genealogical Databases       Internet        Genealogy        Biography        Societies and Periodicals


 * Part 3. What Records Can I Search?

Census Records       Land and Property Records        Enrollment Records        Probate Records        Emigration and Immigration Records        Court Records        School Records        Church Records        Medical Records        Military Records        Business Records and Commerce        Naturalization and Citizenship Records        Laws and Legislation        Newspapers        Vital Records        Other Records


 * Part 4. What Should I Know about Native Americans before I Search the Records?

History        Minorities        Reservations        Cemeteries


 * Part 5. Where Do I Find Records?

Archives and Libraries       Native American Records in Other Countries        Family History Library


 * Part 6. What Tools Can Help My Search?

Directories       Gazetteers        Maps        Encyclopedias and Dictionaries        Glossary