Jamaica Emigration and Immigration

Online Resources

 * 1607-1707 The Original Scots Colonists of Early America. Supplement 1607-1707 at Ancestry ($), index and images
 * 1611-1707 The Original Scots Colonists of Early America. Caribbean Supplement 1611-1707 at Ancestry ($), index and images
 * 1612-1783 The Original Scots Colonists of Early America, 1612-1783 at Ancestry ($), index and images
 * 1614-1775 Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1775 at Ancestry ($), index and images.
 * 1654-1686 Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654 - 1686, index
 * 1734-1753: White Families and Artificers Introduced into Jamaica by Several Acts of 1734 to 1753 (List 2) at Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
 * 1749, 1752: White Families and Artificers Introduced into Jamaica by Acts of 1749 and 1752 (List 1) at Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
 * 1793-1795: Names of French Emigrants or Prisoners Taken to Jamaica 1793-1795 at Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
 * 1793-1794 The Royal Gazette This newspaper had a section "Marine Intelligence", which listed departing and arriving passengers
 * 1795: French Families receiving aid from the Government at Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
 * 1813-1834 Former British Colonial Dependencies, Slave Registers, 1813-1834 at Ancestry ($), index and images
 * 1840-1841: Immigrants to Jamaica part 1 at Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
 * 1841: Immigrants to Jamaica part 2 at Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
 * 1841: Immigrants to Jamaica part 3 at Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
 * 1865-1894 Gleaner Newspaper excerpts include passengers arriving and departing by ship in Jamaica
 * 1878-1960 UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960, at Ancestry.com, index and images. ($)
 * 1890-1960 Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960 at Findmypast - index & images ($)
 * 1892-1924 New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924 Search results for Jamaica
 * United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records
 * Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database
 * The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England, images Indexed at Ancestry ($)
 * Omitted Chapters from Hotten's Original Lists of Persons of Quality ... and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations at Ancestry ($), index and images.
 * Immigrant Servants Database at PriceGen - 20,000+ colonial immigrants, primary focus: Chesapeake Bay colonies (Virginia and Maryland)
 * Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild Choose a volume and then choose Jamaica under "Listed by Port of Departure" or "Listed by Port of Arrival".

Finding the Town of Origin in Jamaica
If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Jamaica, see Jamaica Finding Town of Origin for additional research strategies.

Jamaica Emigration and Immigration
"Emigration" means moving out of a country. "Immigration" means moving into a country. Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups.

Immigration to Jamaica

 * Jamaica was a possession of Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered it, renaming it Jamaica. *Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with a plantation economy dependent on the African slaves and later their descendants. The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838, and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations.
 * Many slaves managed to escape, forming autonomous communities in remote and easily defended areas in the interior of Jamaica, mixing with the remaining Taino; these communities became known as Maroons.
 * Small numbers of Jews also came to live on the island.
 * The Irish in Jamaica also formed a large part of the island's early population, making up two-thirds of the white population on the island in the late 17th century, twice that of the English population. They were brought in as indentured laborers and soldiers after the conquest of 1655. The majority of Irish were transported by force as political prisoners of war from Ireland. Migration of large numbers of Irish to the island continued into the 18th century.
 * When the English captured Jamaica in 1655, most Spanish colonists fled, with the exception of Spanish Jews, who chose to remain in the island. Spanish slave holders freed their slaves before leaving Jamaica.
 * Many slaves dispersed into the mountains, joining the already established maroon communities. During the centuries of slavery, Jamaican Maroons established free communities in the mountainous interior of Jamaica, where they maintained their freedom and independence for generations.
 * Beginning in the 1840s, the British began using Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations.
 * The majority of Jamaicans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, with significant European, East Asian (primarily Chinese), Indian, Lebanese, and mixed-race minorities.

German Immigrants
Between 1834 and 1842 four groups of Germans left for Jamaica:
 * 1) Thirteen families from the Braunschweig area landed in 1834 in Kingston. Their first settlement "Brunswick" failed. They eventually went to Clarendon.
 * 2) In December 1834 506 Germans landed in Port Royal. Some settled in Ballintoy/Alva, St Ann.
 * 3) 532 Germans landed in 1835 in Rio Bueno, Trelawny. Most of them originated from the Weserbergland and Westphalia, 28 came from Waldeck. 251 founded Seaford Town in Westmoreland. Of these settlers 34 died within the next two years, 108 moved on (mostly to the USA) and 119 stayed.
 * 4) 107 settlers arrived in December 1838, originating from Northern Germany, Franken and the Rhön (cultural areas).

Emigration from Jamaica

 * It was estimated in 2004 that up to 2.5 million Jamaicans and Jamaican descendants live abroad. The largest pools of Jamaicans, outside of Jamaica itself, exist in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, other Caribbean islands, and all across the Caribbean Coast of Central America, namely Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras. There has also been emigration of Jamaicans to other Caribbeans countries such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guyana, and The Bahamas.
 * After a slave rebellion in 1795–96, many Maroons from the Maroon town of Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) were expelled to Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone.
 * Jamaicans in the United Kingdom number an estimated 800,000 making them by far the country's largest African-Caribbean group. Large-scale migration from Jamaica to the UK occurred primarily in the 1950s and 1960s when the country was still under British rule. Jamaican communities exist in most large UK cities.
 * Concentrations of expatriate Jamaicans are quite considerable in numerous cities in the United States, including New York City, Buffalo, the Miami metro area, Atlanta, Chicago, Orlando, Tampa, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Hartford, Providence and Los Angeles.
 * In Canada, the Jamaican population is centered in Toronto, with smaller communities in cities such as Hamilton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Vancouver and Ottawa. Jamaican Canadians comprise about 30% of the entire Black Canadian population.
 * A notable though much smaller group of emigrants are Jamaicans in Ethiopia. These are mostly Rastafarians, in whose theological worldview Africa is the promised land, or "Zion", or more specifically Ethiopia. Most live in the small town of Shashamane about 150 miles (240 km) south of the capital Addis Ababa.
 * More recently many resort- and wild-life-management-skilled Jamaicans have been trending emigration toward such far-flung nations as Australia, New Zealand (especially in Wellington and, to a lesser extent, Auckland) the Philippines, Japan, Malaysia and Indonesia.

For Further Reading
There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog: