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Thailand Ethnic Groups
Seven major hill tribes in Northern Thailand: Each has a distinct language and culture Ancestral origins: Burma, Laos, and ultimately, China Some preserve an oral genealogy tradition
 * Karen, Akha, Lahu, Hmong, Mien, Lisu, and Palaung

Other ethnic groups:
 * Thai, Malay, Khmer

Karen/Kariang People
The Karen/Kariang people are one of the largest hill tribes in Southeast Asia. Oral history project at Chiang Mai University
 * Southern and Southeastern Burma (7 M)
 * Northern Thailand (400 K), by far the largest hill tribe
 * United States (65,000), diaspora began in 2000
 * Heterogeneous ethnicities
 * Center for Ethnic Studies and Development
 * Director: Chayan Vaddhanaphuti
 * Assistant: Malee Sitthikrienkrai

The project ‘Living with and in the Forest in Northern Thailand’ of the Center for Ethnic Studies and Development (CESD), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, aims to enable the Karen youth of Huay Hin Lad Nai to study their own community history…. The youth group has started to conduct in-depth interviews with community elders, particularly on the historical background of the community, family and kinship structures…. Supported by academics from CMU, they transcribed, edited and discussed the recorded material. In collaboration with visiting international students, they further recorded biographies of selected villagers and collected them in a booklet. First analyses of the collected data centered around community transformations and mobility patterns over the last one hundred years. Based on this information, a detailed kinship map and digitalized timeline of the community were produced.


 * KAREN COMMUNITY ORAL HISTORY PROJECT: by the Minnesota Historical Society

Akha People
450,000 people, one of the largest hill tribes. They live in Southern China (Yunnan Province), Eastern Burma (Shan State), Northern Laos, Northern Thailand. They have a heavy emphasis on oral genealogy.
 * Ceremonial recitation of patrilineal genealogy
 * Committed to memory and taught parent to child
 * Back over 50 generations to Sm Mo O, the first Akha
 * All Akha males expected to recite their lineage
 * Recounting of lineage avoids incest (6 generations)
 * Ties of patrilineal kinship and marriage alliance bind the Akha within and between communities

Khmer People
http://cambodianoralhistories.byu.edu Reconnect with Dr. Dana Bourgerie

Other page: Sarawak and Sabah
The Iban are the largest indigenous tribe in Eastern Malaysia They have an extensive oral tradition This includes oral genealogies each spanning dozens of generations Preservation in writing began in the 1930s

Nature of an Iban Oral Genealogy
A tusut is a descending lineage including couples in each generation Begins with the most remote ancestor down to the present Usually includes descriptive passages about major ancestors May pass through male and female ancestors No limit to the number of tusut lines an individual may trace Exact relationships commonly known at least to third or fourth cousins All children of either sex may have tusut The tusut recorded by Benedict Sandin typically covers 30+ generations

Kalimantan People
GSU-trained interviewers collected oral genealogies, 1979–1982 Oral genealogy plays a major role in the cultures of these people Dayak people Ngaju, Ma’anyan, and Siang tribes Kalimantan, Borneo 9 microfilms

Batak People
Batak societies are patriarchal Organized as clans known as marga, descending from one ancestor, Si Raja Batak A family tree defined through father-son relationships is called tarombo The GSU transcribed 76 microfilms of Batak oral genealogies over four years of field work The GSU stopped when a contractor was discovered to be committing fraud Our advisor, Dr. Bungaran Simanjuntak, says Batak oral genealogy survives but is at risk Should FamilySearch restart the project?

Other Parts of Indonesia
GSU-trained interviewers collected oral genealogies, 1979–1982 Nias people: Nias Island, North Sumatra (16 films) Batak people: Toba from Tapanuli Utara Regency, North Sumatra (53 films) Toraja people: Kabupaten Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi (7 films)