Virginia in the Civil War

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Introduction
Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Many of the battles fought during the war were fought on Virginian land. The first and last significant battles were held in Virginia, and the men that Virginina supplied for the fight were men from all economic and social levels, both slaveholders and nonslaveholders, as well as former Unionists. The only areas that sent few or no men to fight for the Confederacy were located on the border with the North.

The state was the focal point for a number of reasons. It had more manufacturers and more mines than any other state. It also had nearly 20% of the railroad track of the Southern states. Its state capital, Richmond, was also the Confederacy's capital. Because armies focus on capturing the enemy's capital, the Federals concentrated on capturing Richmond. The Confederates in turn worked to capture Washington D.C. The counties in between were doomed to suffer mass devastation. By 1865, the state's handsome towns were wrecked; its manufacturing centers destroyed; its farms ruined. Virginians starved and found themselves prey to foraging soldiers, looters and lawless bands. A half million men became casualties within its borders.

Union Companies

 * 1st Regiment, Loyal Eastern Virginia Volunteers "Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.


 * 1st Regiment, Virginia Infantry (3 months, 1861) "Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.


 * 16th Regiment, Virginia Infantry "Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.


 * Dameron's Independent Company, Virginia Volunteers "Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.


 * Loudoun County Virginia Rangers Organized at Waterford, Virginia (Company A on 20 June 1862) and Point of Rocks, Maryland (Company B on 26 January 1864). Mustered out at Bolivar, West Virginia, 31 May 1865.

Confederate

 * List of Field Officers Regiments and Battalions in the Confederate States Army 1861-1865 Google Books

Artillery

Cavalry

Battles Fought in Virginia
Over 120 battles were fought in Virginia during the Civil War (1861-1865). Click here for more information.

Union
The Family History Library and the National Archives have the:


 * “Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers . . .” (Family History Library film ).
 * Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers . . . (Family History Library film ). May provide the soldier's or sailor's unit which can help to find pension records but does not give information about other members of the soldier's family.
 * Pension Index File . . . 1861-1934 (Family History Library films beginning with ). The actual pension records are only at the National Archives. Pension records sometimes list other members of the soldier's family and birth, marriage, and death information.
 * Civil War Pension Index Cards - A free Internet index to pension applications of veterans who served in the US Army between 1861-1917 is available on FamilySearch Record Search. Each card gives the soldier’s name, application and certificate numbers, state of enlistment, and might include rank and death information. Other wars, of that time period, may be included.

Confederate
For those who served in Confederate forces, the Family History Library has the following records.

From the National Archives:


 * Index to Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers . . . (Family History Library films ).
 * Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers . . . (on 1075 Family History Library films ). Lists the soldier's name, rank, unit, and enlistment date and place.

From the Library of Virginia: An outline explaining the variety of Virginia Civil War records available at the Library of Virginia in Research Notes series, No. 14.


 * Index to Confederate Service Records of Virginia . . .(Family History Library films ). An online index to Virginia Confederate Rosters is an unofficial roster of Virginia Confederate soldiers.
 * Confederate Service Records of Virginia, 1861- 65 (Family History Library film ).
 * Confederate Pension Applications, Virginia, Acts of 1888, 1900, 1902: Index 1888-1934. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1988. (On 219 Family History Library films beginning with .) Indexed by veteran's, widow's, or servant's name. Files are arranged by pension act, then by county, then by surname. Usually gives age, birthplace, and residence. In addition, the Library of Virginia has the Confederate Pension Rolls, Veterans and Widows Electronic Card Index. Because not all information is included in either of these pension rolls, both databases should be consulted.
 * Oakwood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia, Register of Interments in Confederate Plots. Richmond, Virginia: Virginia State Library, [19—?] (Family History Library film ) Alphabetical by name. Lists company, regiment, state, grave number, row, division, and remarks.

The Confederate pension records from 1888 to 1928 are only at the Virginia State Library.


 * Further Library of Virginia online databases include: Confederate Disability Applications and Receipts, Robert E. Lee Soldier's Home Applications for Admission, Selected Civil War Resources in the Personal Papers and Military Records Collections..., the Confederate Navy Index, and the Index to the Confederate Magazine.

Published Sources
Regimental rosters with biographical information of Virginia soldiers are published in:


 * Virginia Regimental Histories Series. Lynchburg, Virginia: H. E. Howard, 1982–. (Family History Library book .) 119 volumes in the series have been completed.
 * Register of the Confederate Dead Interred in Hollywood Cemetery: Richmond, Virginia. Richmond, Virginia: Gary, Clemmitt and Jones, 1869. (Family History Library book ; Family History Library US/CAN Film .) This register lists thousands of Confederate soldiers buried in Richmond. Includes name, company, regiment, state, date of death, cemetery section and number.

For guidebooks to Virginia's military units for the Civil War, the following sources are helpful:


 * Sifakis, Stewart. Compendium of the Confederate Armies: Virginia. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1992- 1995. (Family History Library book, Ten Volumes.) Gives organization information for each unit and its field officers, assignments, and battles. It also lists sources further reading. Volume 5 is for Virginia.
 * Wallace, Lee A. A Guide to Virginia Military Organizations, 1861-1865. Lynchburg, Virginia: H. E. Howard, 1986. (Family History Library book .) Gives brief historical sketches of each regiment and lists officers, company names, and commanders.

For records of national old soldier homes, including the home in Richmond, Virginia, see:


 * United States. Veterans Administration. Registers of Veterans at National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1937. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1988. (On 282 Family History Library films.) Includes general indexes for twelve homes, but some volumes are indexed separately. These Historical Registers may list the soldier's name, date and place of enlistment, rank, military unit, length of service, date and place of discharge, place of birth, age, physical description, religion, occupation, previous residence, marital status, nearest relative, pension, soldier home admission and discharge dates, disability, death date, or cause of death.

Southern Claims Commission
If a Union sympathizer in Virginia claimed a loss during the Civil War due to Union military confiscation, he could apply to the Southern Claims Commission for reimbursement. Only a few applied per county, but their neighbors were called as witnesses and asked dozens of questions. Hundreds of the residents of all kinds in a county may be mentioned in answers to Commission questions, and their wartime activities described. To learn how to find records mentioning these neighbors in Virginia counties during the Civil War see the Southern Claims Commission.