Indigenous Peoples of Missouri

Tribes and Bands of Missouri
Missouri's name comes from the Missouri Indian Tribe. "Missouri" means "Town of the large canoes" The following list of American Indians who have lived in Missouri has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians... and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

Sac White River Band = Chickamauga Cherokee Nation
 * Caddo
 * Dakota
 * Delaware
 * Fox
 * Illinois
 * Iowa
 * Kickapoo
 * Missouri
 * Omaha
 * Osage
 * Oto
 * Quapaw
 * Sauk
 * Shawnee

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Agencies and sub-agencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Missouri has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs..., Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians , and others.


 * Great Nemaha Agency
 * Ioway Subagency
 * Kickapoo Agency
 * Miami Agency

Records
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:


 * Allotment records
 * Annuity rolls
 * Census records
 * Correspondence
 * Health records
 * Reports
 * School census and records
 * Vital records

Family History Library

 * Chickamauga Tribal Enrollment
 * St. Louis Superintendency

Maps


Historic Indian Tribes of Missouri

For more information on these tribes, as well as other tribes that passed through Missouri, Native American Tribes of Missouri.

Reservations
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

A list of reservations has been published in the National Atlas of the United States of America, the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America , and other sources. While there have been reservations historically associated with the state, there are no current federally-recognized reservations in Missouri.

That does not mean there were no American Indians within the state; it simply means that there are no reservations within the state's boundaries.

For Further Reading
See also American Indian For Further Reading.


 * Missouri-History for a calendar listing date of importance to American Indians
 * Missouri-Military for a list of forts

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