The Neumark (region), Brandenburg, Prussia, German Empire Genealogy

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History
The Neumark, also known as the New March (Polish: Nowa Marchia) or East Brandenburg (German: Ostbrandenburg (help·info)), was a region of the Prussian province of Brandenburg, Germany, located east of the Oder River.

Known as the Lubusz Land while part of medieval Poland, the territory later known as the Neumark was acquired by the German Margraviate of Brandenburg during the High Middle Ages. As Brandenburg-Küstrin, the Neumark was an independent state of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation from 1535-1571, after which it was restored to the Electors of Brandenburg. It became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and part of the German Empire in 1871. After World War I the entirely ethnic German Neumark remained inside the new Weimar Republic of Germany.

The majority of the Neumark was placed under Polish administration in 1945 after World War II; its expelled German population was replaced largely with Poles. Most of the Polish territory is part of Lubusz Voivodeship, while the northern towns Choszczno (Arnswalde), Myślibórz (Soldin), and Chojna (Königsberg in der Neumark) are in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Some territory near Cottbus, administratively part of Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt (Oder) (coterminous with the Neumark) after the Congress of Vienna, remains in Germany. ( source:Wikipedia)
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Emigration
Emigrants from the Neumark region predominantly moved eastward to Poland and Russia during the 18th and early 19th Centuries and westward toNorth America after 1800. Helpful databases for finding a town of origin include
 * Emigrants from the Mark Brandenburg to Poland and Russia, compiled by Stefan Rückling
 * Brandenburg, Prussia Emigration Records on Ancestry ($)
 * Neumark Database . This database indexes various sources from this region. See "Genealogische Webseiten" near the bottom of that page for an itemized list.

Displaced Persons Research
Towards the end of World War II, the Germans had to flee from the advancing Russian troops. Many families were split up along the way. These displaced persons eventually found new homes all over West Germany. Some eventually emigrated to the United States, Canada, and other countries. Many areas of German were given to Poland, and the German citizens were expelled. Several organizations have worked to gather data on displaced Germans in order to reunite families and provide aid.


 * The International Tracing Service (ITS) in Bad Arolsen . Recently the ITS made its material available to the public for research.
 * The Genealogical Society for Pomerania, the Pommerscher Greif, has volunteer research specialists who know about available sources and strive to encourage dialog between researchers.
 * Heimatkreise, or “homeland organizations” exist for various Pomeranian counties in Germany today. Members include those who were born in the respective Kreis or had their permanent residence there, as well as their descendants. The Heimatkreis may be able to help you locate relatives or others who came from the same area as your ancestors. Many groups have homepages on the Internet ( usually in German), which can be located by entering “Heimatkreis + [county name] “ in a search engine such as www.google.de. Similar homeland organizations exist for the various Kreise in East Brandenburg, Posen (Poznan), Silesia (Schlesien), East Prussia (Ostpreussen), and West Prussia (Westpreussen).
 * The Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ostdeutscher Familienforscher (Work Group of East German Family Historians or AGoFF) can also point you to various helpful organizations and web links for each area.
 * The Kirchlicher Suchdienst (Tracing service of the ecclesiastical Welfare organizations) can also help in locating relatives who were displaced after 1945. More than 20 million persons are included in card files arranged by the town of origin known as "Heimatortskartei". Information about the Heimatortskartei Pommern is found here.

How to Find Birth, Marriage, and Death Records for the Neumark Region of Brandenburg
Roughly 80% of the church- and civil registration records of this region were lost as a result of Worl War II. This means that researchers will need to rely more on other sources, such as citizens' lists, land records, tax lists, lists of colonists etc. Many finding tools are available online, in the form of detailed archive inventories. The records can be accessed by visiting the respective Polish state archive. Another option is networking and sharing information via mailing lists. Several online data bases available as town- or county genealogies also provide opportunities for contributing extant information and worldwide collaboration.

Whenever available, most of your genealogical research for Brandenburg will be in three main record types: civil registration, church records, and compiled town genealogies ("'Ortssippenbücher" or "Ortsfamilienbücher" in German). This article will teach you how to use these records
 * on digital databases,
 * as microfilms,
 * or by writing for them.

Take These Online Classes to Prepare

 * German Research: Strategies and Sources for Eastern Provinces. Be sure to download the class syllabus.
 * 1) Watch the Specific Geography portion to learn how to use MeyersGaz.org and '''Kartenmeister.com to get the details of the German and Polish names of your town and its higher jurisdictions.
 * 2) Watch the General Resources portion to learn how to check for parish registers using
 * 3) The PRADZIAD Database
 * 4) Szukaj w ArchiwachTutorial The Polish Archives
 * 5) Archion, Cooperative of protestant archives ($)
 * 6) Archives Portal Europe
 * 7) Brandenburg State Archives, Online Research
 * 8) Watch the Brandenburg portion, which begins at about 41:00 minutes.
 * Kartenmeister.com: Finding Places in the Former German Area of Poland

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Meyers 1871 Gazetteer Online
 * Translation of German name to current Polish name
 * '''Kartenmeister.com See class above.

Town Compilation of Records (Ortssippenbuch or Ortsfamilienbuch )
See class Online Ortsfamilienbücher at Genealogy.net.
 * An Ortssippenbuch (town lineage book) or Ortsfamilienbuch (town family book) generally includes birth, marriage, and death data for all persons found in the local records during a specified time period, compiled into families. If one is available, it can act as an index or guide to finding the original records. However, they may contain errors, so it is best to verify their information in original records.
 * Sources may include the local parish registers, civil registration records, court and land records, and sometimes published material. In the printed book, this information is then arranged in a standardized format, usually alphabetically by surname and chronologically by marriage date.

Finding an OFB

 * A bibliography of OFBs held by the Central Office for Person and Family History, and available in their archive in Frankfurt am Main-Höchst, is listed here. You can arrange for copied pages to be sent to you for a fee or donation. Use the "Find" function on your keyboard to search the bibliographies, as they are not alphabetical
 * An extensive bibliography of town lineage books is found in the GenWiki
 * OFBs at GenWiki. These are indexed and searchable. OFB Instructions.

Civil Registration (Standesamtsregister, Zivilstandsregister, or Personenstandsregister)
Civil registers are government-kept records of births, marriages, and deaths. In Brandenburg, civil registry offices were introduced on 1 January 1876.

Civil registers can now be found in the local Standesamt, which is either in the registry office or town hall.

1. Online Records
Follow the instructions in Take These Online Classes to Prepare, to find additional small collections of civil records.
 * Online database of names from the Neumark
 * References by names from the literature
 * Brandenburg State Archives, Online Research
 * Szukaj w ArchiwachTutorial The Polish Archives

2. Microfilm Copies of Civil Registration From FamilySearch
A few, not many, civil registration records will be in the microfilm collection of the Family History Library. The number should increase gradually. These microfilms may be ordered for viewing at Family History Centers around the world. To find a microfilm:


 * a. Click on the records of Brandenburg, Germany.
 * b. Click on Places within Germany, Preußen, Brandenburg and a list of towns will appear.
 * c. Click on your town. If the town or village is not listed, find the town in '''Meyer's Gazetteer. See where the Standesamt (StdA.) was. It may have been in different place, because of the size of the town.
 * d. Click on the "Civil registration" topic, if available. Click on the blue links to specific record titles.
 * e. Choose the correct record type and time period for your ancestor. "Geburten" are births. Heiraten are marriages.  "Verstorbene" are deaths.
 * f. Some combination of these icons will appear at the far right of the microfilm listed for the record. FHL icons.png. The magnifying glass indicates that the microfilm is indexed. Clicking on the magnifying glass will take you to the index. Clicking on the camera will take you to an online digital copy of the microfilm. Clicking on the microfilm reel will lead to information on how to rent the film. Family history center staff will assist you in ordering the film.

2. Writing for Civil Registration Certificates
Civil registration records for Germany can be obtained by writing to the local civil registry (Standesamt) or the district archives. Records may have been lost at one location of the other, so you might end up checking both. The first office you contact might choose to forward your request to the other location if necessary. Write to the district archives if you wish to inquire about more than one town--for example, if you think a couple were married at either the groom's hometown or the bride's, and you want both places searched. PRADZIAD Database''' Finding aid.

Local Standesamt Address
'''Addresses for Neumark Civil Registrars (Standesämter)

Archive Address
During the time that the Neumark was part of Brandenburg, copies of records would have been sent to these archives rather than Polish archives. Here is the address for the district archive, should you decide to write there instead of or in addition to the local Standesamt. Brandenburg National Archives Potsdam An der Orangerie 3 14469 Potsdam Germany (Postal address: Postfach 600499, 14404 Potsdam) Tel. 0331/292971, Fax: 0331/292971 Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Service Am Mühlenberg 3 14476 Potsdam, OT Golm Germany Postal address: Postfach 600449 14404 Potsdam Germany Phone: 0331 5674-0 Fax: 0331 5674-212 E-mail: poststelle@blha.brandenburg.de
 * Click here to search Brandenburg State Archives holdings. Go to “Suche”. Choose "Full text search. Enter keyword, such as a locality, a name, or both. Click ”Suchen”.

How to Write the Letter
For localities in Poland: Detailed instruction for what to include in the letter, plus Polish translations of the questions and sentences most frequently used are in the Poland Letter Writing Guide. For German archives: Detailed instruction for what to include in the letter, plus German translations of the questions and sentences most frequently used are in the Germany Letter Writing Guide.

Church Records (Kirchenbuch or Kirchenbuchduplikate)
See Germany Church Records to learn more.
 * Entries for baptisms/christenings, marriages, and burials in the local church records are the main source to use prior to 1876, when civil registration began. Often two and sometimes three generations are indicated in the registers, with personal information on the family. Also after 1876, these records might be intact when the civil registers were destroyed, or vice versa. In addition, either the church records and civil records might contain information not it the other record.
 * You should try to determine whether your ancestors were Catholic or Lutheran (Evangelical).
 * You should try to determine where the parish church was that held jurisdiction over your town. Find the town in Meyer's Gazetteer. Click on the "Ecclesiastical"''' link for information in the menu bar. This will tell you whether the town had its own parish church and give you the names of several nearby parish churches and their distance.
 * This parish register inventory gives greater detail on Catholic and Lutheran :parish locations.
 * Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Berlin and Brandenburg
 * Tutorial
 * The new Kirchenbuchportal (church book portal) has been created by the Association of Church Archives, ecumenical organization, to facilitate access to German-language church records. As of July 2010 several archives have posted detailed inventories of the parish registers in their collections. Details about the participating archives, including links to posted inventories, are found here. A database of all inventoried records, arranged by archive, is found here.

1. Online Church Records

 * , index and images.
 * Germany, Prussia, Brandenburg and Posen, Select Church Book Duplicates, 1794-1874, index, ($).
 * Brandenburg, Germany, Transcripts of Church Records, 1700-1874, index and images, ($).
 * Brandenburg State Archives, Online Research
 * Archion: Evangelical Central Archives, Berlin
 * Church books and maps
 * Reconstruction of devastated and lost church books
 * Online database of names from the Neumark
 * Szukaj w ArchiwachTutorial The Polish Archives
 * Follow the instructions in Take These Online Classes to Prepare, to find additional small collections of civil records.

Finding Online Parish Registers in Polish State Archives
Instructions:


 * Go to the Polish State archives.
 * Click “English" on the top right.
 * Close the “Databases in State archives” banner that comes up.
 * Because results of simplified search are not very accurate (collections, units and items are mixed), please choose “Advanced search” under the search box.
 * Enter place/parish name [for example: “Grodzisk”] in the search box. Also check the following boxes “collections”, “vital records”, and ”only units with scans”. Click orange search button. Use Polish place names, but diacritics are not required. German place names generally will not work. To find the Polish name of a German parish in the Neumark, *click here.
 * Choose a collection.
 * Click on “units” below the title.
 * A page of thumbnail images appears. You can click through those and go on to subsequent pages.
 * For easier viewing, use full screen button (left button on bottom right” or the magnifier (right button on bottom left, marked with a “z”).
 * The arrows for “previous” and “next” are found on the bottom left and right, and scans can be saved using the “download” button in the bottom center.

The Georg Grüneberg Collection
[http://grueneberg-lenzen.de/deutsch/Kirchbuch/neumark.html '''Kr. Landsberg / Warthe and Warthebruch'''] lists a collection of information from parishes in Neuburg, which can be difficult to locate, in the possession of Georg Grüneberg ($). He will let you know whether he has records to help you for free. Actual records require paid research. Genealogisches Archiv Georg Grüneberg Finkenbergstr. 6 D-19309 Lenzen (Elbe) Germany

Tel. 038792 / 7211

The PRADZIAD Database

 * The PRADZIAD Database

Archives Portal Europe

 * Archives Portal Europe

2. Microfilm Copies of Church Records Searched at a Family History Center
First, try to find church records in the microfilm collection of the Family History Library. These microfilms may be ordered for viewing at Family History Centers around the world. To find a microfilm:


 * a. Click on the records of Brandenburg, Germany.
 * b. Click on "Places within Germany, Preußen, Brandenburg" and a list of towns will appear.
 * c. Click on your town if it appears, or the location which you believe was the parish which served your town or village.
 * d. Click on the "Church records" topic. Click on the blue links to specific record titles.
 * e. Choose the correct record type and time period for your ancestor. "Geburten" are births. Taufen are christenings/baptisms. Heiraten are marriages.  "Toten" are deaths.
 * f. Some combination of these icons will appear at the far right of the microfilm listed for the record. FHL icons.png. The magnifying glass indicates that the microfilm is indexed. Clicking on the magnifying glass will take you to the index. Clicking on the camera will take you to an online digital copy of the microfilm. Clicking on the microfilm reel will lead to information on how to rent the film. Family history center staff will assist you in ordering the film.

3. Writing to an Priest for Church Records

 * Baptism, marriage, and death records may be searched by contacting the local Catholic or Lutheran church or the Catholic diocese archives.

Lutheran Parish Addresses

 * Click here for a searchable address list of Lutheran parishes.
 * Lutheran Church addresses in Poland

Catholic Parish Addresses by Diocese

 * Search for parish addresses

Writing to a Local Parish
Write a brief request in Polish to the proper church using this address as a guide, replacing the information in parentheses:

For a Roman Catholic Parish Parafia Rzymsko-Katolicka (street name and number) (postal code) (name of locality) POLAND

For a Protestant Parish Parafia Ewangelicka (street name and number) (postal code) (name of locality) POLAND

In Poland approximately 134 protestant parishes exist. Some records formerly found in such parishes may now be archived in local Catholic parishes. For a list of the Protestant parishes in Poland, and their addresses, you can visit the Lutheran Church in Poland for a listing of Lutheran parishes which are in existence today.

Additionally if there was not a local protestant church, many baptisms would be performed by local Catholic churches.

For an Orthodox Parish  Parafia Prawoslawna (street name and number) (postal code) (name of locality) POLAND

How to write a letter: Detailed instruction for what to include in the letter, plus Polish translations of the questions and sentences most frequently used are in the Poland Letter Writing Guide.'''

4. Research at a Catholic Diocese Archive
Diocesan Archives Berlin Bethaniendamm 29 10997 Berlin (Kreuzberg) Germany Phone: +49 (0) 30 22504580 Fax: +49 (0) 30 22504583 E-Mail: info@dioezesanarchiv-berlin.de The archive does not provide search services. See Cyndi's List of German professional genealogists.
 * You can visit these archives yourself to research the records. Privacy rules apply to birth records more recent than 120 years, marriage records 80 years, and death records 30 years. A day fee of about EU 7.00 is charged to use the records.  Call in advance to make reservations.
 * Some archives have search services available. Others will refer you to a list of private researchers to hire. Researchers can be found also through Google.
 * Search engine for parish records in holdings
 * '''Official guide to the diocese of Berlin, 22nd edition, Berlin: Germania, 1938.. Lists parishes.

Reading the Records

 * It's easier than you think! You do not have to be fluent in French and German to use these records, as there is only a limited vocabulary used in them. By learning a few key phrases, you will be able to read them adequately.  Here are some resources for learning to read German records.
 * German Genealogical Word List
 * German Handwriting


 * These video webinars will teach you to read German handwriting:
 * Old German Script Part 1
 * Old German Script Part 2
 * Old German Script (German Church and Civil Records) Part 3


 * Also online interactive slideshow lessons are available to help you learn to read these records:
 * Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 1: Kurrent Letters
 * Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 2: Making Words in Kurrent
 * Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 3: Reading Kurrent Documents. In this lesson, you will explore several types of German genealogical records, including birth, baptismal, marriage, and death records.
 * German Script Tutorial

This converter will show you how any phrase or name might look in German script:
 * Kurrentschrift Converter (enter German genealogical word, click on "convert", view your word in Kurrentschrift (Gothic handwriting)

Latin Records
Records of the Catholic church will usually be written in Latin:
 * Latin Genealogical Word List

Search Strategy

 * Search for the relative or ancestor you selected. When you find his birth record, search for the births of his brothers and sisters.
 * Next, search for the marriage of his parents. The marriage record will have information that will often help you find the birth records of the parents.
 * You can estimate the ages of the parents and determine a birth year to search for their birth records.
 * Search the death registers for all known family members.
 * Repeat this process for both the father and the mother, starting with their birth records, then their siblings' births, then their parents' marriages, and so on.
 * If earlier generations (parents, grandparents, etc.) do not appear in the records, search neighboring parishes.


 * German Research Troubleshooting Strategies

Other Resources

 * , images only.

Resources
There are many helpful resources on where to find genealogical information in Brandenburg (Neumark)
 * (Archive of East German Family Historians).
 * These periodicals are important since they contain much helpful family historical information on the families of Brandenburg (Neumark) such as births, deaths, marriages, number and names of children for many locations in Brandenburg (Neumark). These periodicals are found in the collections of the Family History Library of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. They may be accessed by visiting the Library directly or bylocating a family history center near you.


 * The Neumark Family History Website is a very important tool for the genealogist. It includes a database of genealogical material available online [searchable by surname and town], a gazetteer of the area, lists of resources available on CD-Rom, and other helpful resources.

Societies

 * Arbeitsgemeinschaft ostdeutscher Familienforscher (in German)
 * Rita Sydow
 * Research Center Ostbrandenburg-Neumark of AGoFF
 * Hundsmuehlen
 * Veilchenweg 12
 * D-26203 Wardenburg, Germany
 * Tel .: + 49-441-5040812
 * eMail: reinhold-cornelia.cordes@nwn.de

Websites

 * Mennonite Settlers in Neumark - by Adalbert Goertz