Step-by-Step Washington Research, 1850-1910

Step 1. Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.
Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.

What are the best questions to ask?
In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :
 * 50 Questions to Ask Relatives About Family History


 * Creating Oral Histories

What documents should be collected or copied?
Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.

Step 2: Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.
Example of a census record.
 * A census is a count and description of the population for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day.
 * For each person living in a household (depending on the year), their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were a veteran of the military can be listed.
 * Searching for a family in census records every ten years can identify all the children in a family.
 * Searching in earlier census records to find someone as a child can identify parents.



Washington State and Territorial Censuses
- For more information, see Washington Census and United States Census.
 * Washington Territorial Census Rolls, 1857-1892
 * Washington, Census Records : Territorial Census, 1857-1892
 * Washington, territorial census records, 1850-1889
 * Washington, U.S., State and Territorial Censuses, 1857-1892
 * 1850-1889 - Washington, territorial census records, 1850-1889 - at Ancestry, index and images.

Step 3: Try to find additional details in death certificates, Social Security, obituary and cemetery records online.
When a person dies, several records will be created: death certificates, Social Security records, obituaries, and cemetery records.
 * Death certificates can give birth information for people born before actual birth registration began. Death certificates frequently give the birth date and place, parents' names, and birth places of parents.


 * The Social Security Death Index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits. The index entries give the person's full birth date, last known residence, and residence at the time they first enrolled.


 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index provides information filed in the application or claims process, including valuable details such as birth date, birth place, and parents’ names.


 * Cemetery records can be as simple as the information on the headstone or, in some FindAGrave records, they can report more thorough information about birth, parents, spouses, children, and siblings.

Example of a FindAGrave cemetery record.



Death Indexes

 * Online Washington Death Records &amp; Indexes
 * Browse images, records vary by county.
 * Washington, Deaths, 1883-1960 Index and images ($)
 * Index and images. Also at Ancestry.com, ($), and Findmypast, ($), index, and MyHeritage, ($)
 * Washington State Digital Archives Death Records, 1907-1960 Also on *Ancestry.com($) See here for specific date range for each county included in the collection.
 * Index only.
 * Washington Death Index, 1940-1996 ($)

Writing for Full Death Certificates
The full original certificate will contain information not contained in the index. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates, particularly for direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents, etc).
 * Where to Write for Washington Birth, Marriage, Death and Divorce Records

U.S. Social Security Records

 * The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
 * The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
 * You can search these records online at
 * Also at Ancestry.com, ($), index.
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off, by providing information filed in the application or claims process.
 * The Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off, by providing information filed in the application or claims process.


 * If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.

'''Obituaries

 * Online Washington Death Records &amp; Indexes
 * Obituaries.com
 * Washington obituaries
 * Obituaries Help
 * Washington obituary database
 * ObitsArchive.com - Washington ($)
 * The Obituary Link Page - Washington Obituary Links
 * Washington Obituaries
 * — index and images

Cemeteries

 * Find-A-Grave
 * at FamilySearch - How to Use This Collection
 * U.S., Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current at Ancestry
 * Billion Graves
 * at FamilySearch - How to Use This Collection
 * BillionGraves Index at Findmypast ($)
 * at FamilySearch - How to Use This Collection
 * Washington Cemetery Directories at Washington Digital Archive — select the 'Cemetery Directory' collection
 * Washington Cemetery Records at AccessGenealogy
 * Washington Cemetery Records at Interment
 * at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection
 * WashingtonTombstone Transcription Project at USGenWeb Transcription Project
 * Online Washington Obituary and Cemetery Indexes at DeathIndexes
 * Washington Burials at MyHeritage — index & images ($)

For more information, see Washington Obituaries and Washington Cemeteries.

Step 4: Search for county birth and marriage records online.
'''Vital records registration of births and marriages at the state level started in 1905. Prior to that the individual counties kept some records. The starting dates of those records vary from county to county, depending on when the county was formed.'''

Online Records
Births
 * Images/no index.
 * Washington Births, 1883-1935 Index and images ($)
 * Washington State Digital Archives Birth Records See here for specific date range for each county included in the collection.
 * Index and images
 * Washington, BirthsI ndex & images ($)

Marriages
 * Washington State Digital Archives Marriage Records See here for specific date range for each county included in the collection.
 * Washington Marriages, 1802-1902 Index ($)
 * Browse images, records vary by county.
 * Index and images. Also at Ancestry.com, ($), and Findmypast, ($), index, and MyHeritage, ($), index
 * Washington, Marriage Records, 1865-2004 ($)

Records at the County Courthouse.
These records were originally created by county clerks, and then copies were sent to the state. County clerks can be willing to help find all the birth records for one family or perform other searches that the state would not do. To contact county clerks by e-mail or telephone, go to the Wiki article for each county. Links to the county Wiki articles are found at the end of this page or by clicking here: Washington Counties.

For more information on birth, marriage, and death records in Washington, see How to Find Washington Birth Records, How to Find Washington Marriage Records, and How to Find Washington Death Records.

Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards.
There are many different types of military records: draft records, enlistment records, service records, pension records, etc. Information in military records can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information. - Example of a World War I draft card. - Example of a World War II draft card.



'''Search the World War I and World War II Draft Collections for male relatives.
- For more information and additional collections, see Washington Military Records.
 * , index and images.
 * , index and images.

Step 6: Look for church records online.
Church records function as vital records. Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration.
 * An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
 * Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
 * Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.



FamilySearch

 * 1810-1960 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index and images.

Dutch Reformed

 * 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Vital Records, 1856-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)
 * 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Membership Records, 1856-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)

Episcopal

 * 1870-1970 Washington, U.S., Episcopal Diocese of Spokane Church Records, 1870-1970 at Ancestry - index and images ($)

Lutheran

 * 1781-1969 - U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Church Records, 1781-1969, index and images, incomplete.($)

Presbyterian

 * 1701-1970 U.S., Presbyterian Church Records, 1701-1970, index and images, incomplete.($)

- For help with church records kept in Washington, see Washington Church Records. To search records by denomination, if you know your ancestors religion, go to Searching for Church Records by Denomination.

Step 7: Search for wills and probate packets.

 * County probate records include '''probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
 * In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
 * Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.

Search these indexes and images for probate records.

 * United States Wills and Deeds Experimental Search: Washington
 * 1803-2010 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; Browsable records, incomplete for all counties.
 * 1832-1950 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; Index and images
 * 1851-1970 U.S., Washington, Wills and Probate Records at Ancestry ($), index and images, incomplete.
 * 1853-1929 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; Images
 * 1856-2009 U.S., Washington, County Records at Ancestry ($), images/no index.

Probate Information in County Wiki Articles
Each Washington county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: Washington Counties

For more information, see Washington Probate Records and United States Probate Records.

Step 8: Search land records online.
These records will give the They can contain clues to
 * names of the buyer (grantee) and seller (grantor),
 * previous or new residence of the parties to the deed
 * the date they obtained the land,
 * the description of exact location of the land, sometimes mentioning neighbors.
 * family members who shared ownership of the land,
 * sold or gave land to a child, or
 * officially witnessed the sale.

Online Records

 * United States Wills and Deeds Experimental Search: Washington
 * 1785-1898 U.S., Indexed Early Land Ownership and Township Plats, 1785-1898 at Ancestry ($)
 * 1788-1960s U.S. Land Patent Search at Bureau of Land Management, index and some records
 * 1820-1908 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; images only
 * 1850-1954 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; Images. Also at Ancestry at Ancestry - images ($)
 * 1851-1903 Washington Territory Donation Land Claim Patents, 1851-1903 at Washington State Archives - index and images
 * 1852-1855 Washington Territory Donation Land Claims, 1852-1855 at Washington State Archives - index and images
 * 1861-1932 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection - images
 * 1863-1908 U.S., Homestead Records, 1863-1908 at Ancestry - index and images ($)
 * Survey Plats and Field Notes at Bureau of Land Management - index
 * Land Owner Search at Historygeo.com ($), index to maps of original land owners

For more information, see Washington Land and Property.

Step 9: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.
The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step.



Washington Immigration Records

 * United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records
 * Washington, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1882-1961 Index and images ($)
 * Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, Passenger and Crew Lists of Airplane Departures, 1947-1957 Index and images ($)
 * Index and images, also at Findmypast, ($), index
 * North Dakota and Washington, Chinese Passenger Arrivals, 1903-1944, Index/images.
 * Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, Passenger and Crew Lists of Airplane Departures, 1947-1957 Index and images ($)
 * Images.
 * Index to Alien Arrivals at Canadian Atlantic and Pacific Seaports, 1904-1944 Index and images ($)

Washington Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records

 * United States Naturalization and Citizenship Online Genealogy Records
 * Washington State Digital Archives On the right side of the page, select Naturalizations in the Digital Collection box under Detailed Search heading.
 * Browsable records, incomplete for all counties.
 * Browsable records, incomplete for all counties.
 * Images . Also at Ancestry.com, index/images.
 * Selected U.S. Naturalization Records - Original Documents for Washington - Superior Court for King, Pierce, Thurston, and Snohomish Counties, Washington, 1850-1974 ($)
 * Washington, Naturalizations, 1853-1980 Index and images
 * Washington, U.S., County Naturalizations, 1878-1974 Index and images ($)
 * U.S., Naturalization Records for Washington - Eastern District - U.S.District Court - Original Documents, 1890-1972 (World Archives Project) ($)
 * U.S., Naturalization Records for Washington - Western District - U.S.District Court - Original Documents, 1890-1957 (World Archives Project) ($)
 * Washington, Petitions for Naturalization, 1904-1991 Index and images ($)

For more information, see Washington Emigration and Immigration and Washington Naturalization and Citizenship.

Local Histories

 * Published histories of towns, counties, and states sometimes contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
 * Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories: Washington; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
 * Google Books. Use keywords "Washington" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
 * Family History Books
 * County and Town Histories
 * Internet Archive.Use keywords "Washington" and the county name.
 * Ancestry.com, ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use Washington and the name of the county.

FamilySearch Collected Local Histories

 * Local histories are extensively collected by the FamilySearch Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies.
 * If you have access to the FamilySearch Library or a FamilySearch center, you can find local histories by:
 * Go to the FamilySearch Catalog.
 * In the "Place" field, type the name of your county and click "Search".
 * A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, or History - Indexes.

Biography Collections
- For more information, see Washington Biography.
 * Who's Who on the Pacific Coast, 1913, ($), index/images
 * County and Town Histories with biographies
 * Women in Washington biographies
 * Eastern Washington Biographical Sketches
 * Washington, west of the Cascades; historical and descriptive; the explorers, the Indians, the pioneers, the modern; Vol. 1, e-book, Vol. 2, Vol. 3,
 * A history of the Puget Sound country,... v.1, e-book, Vol. 2
 * History of Washington, the evergreen state, from early dawn to daylight; With portraits and biographies. Vol. 1, e-book, Vol. 2
 * An illustrated history of the state of Washington, containing biographical mention of its pioneers and prominent citizens, e-book
 * Suzzallo Library biographical materials for Washingtonians.

Step 11: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.

 * County historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
 * Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
 * Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the county.
 * Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia than you.


 * If you can find the society on the internet, they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, you can hire one of their members to search the collection for you.
 * For more information, see Washington Societies.

The online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the list to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings.

Historical Images
Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.
 * Washington, United States Historical Images, New Version
 * Washington, United States Historical Images, Old Version

Washington Online Genealogy Records
Search any other online records listed in Washington Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the Washington Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.
 * Washington Online Genealogy Records

Step 13: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in Washington.
This article focused more on Washington state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in Washington. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.